Quiz: Periodic Table and Atoms - Ms. Montalbano's 8th ...



8th grade Spring Review 2013 Answer Key-PAP

Force and Motion

1. Two students are competing in a tug-of-war contest, as shown in the picture provided.

Net Force: 60 N

Direction of Net Force: to the left (()

2. Pulling an empty wagon versus a full one is an example of Newton’s 2nd Law which states:

The net force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

3. Describe the movement of this box based on the shown forces.

The box is not moving up or down because the upward force (3 N) and downward force (3 N) are balanced. The box is not moving left or right because the side forces are balanced at 5 N.

4. The action-reaction force pair when the space shuttle lifts off from the launch pad is the rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.

5. Examples of acceleration are speeding up, slowing down and changing directions.

6. Fill in the Force Formula Triangle and write each of the formulas.

Force = M x A

Mass = F

A

Acceleration = F

M

7. To dislodge ketchup from the bottom of a ketchup bottle, the bottle is often turned upside down, thrust downward at a high speed and then abruptly stopped. This works to release ketchup primarily because of Newton’s 1st Law which states: An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

8. When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves in one direction, and the balloon moves in another direction. This represents Newton’s 3rd Law which states: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

9. Circle the graph that shows a constant increase of speed over time.

10. When a car suddenly stops at a red light, the book lying on the front car seat flies forward because

the book’s inertia causes it to continue moving.

11. Circle the answer: If you push a bowling ball and a marble with the same force, you would see the (same/greater/lesser) acceleration with the marble because of the marble’s small mass.

12. Fill in the Speed Formula Triangle and write each of the formulas.

Speed = D

T

Distance = S x T

Time = D

S

13. Draw an arrow to represent the direction the person

sitting in the rolling chair would move if they applied a

forward force to their desk.

14. Circle the answer: During a test of vehicle safety standards, different vehicles were driven at a test wall at 35 km/h. Because of Newton’s 2nd Law, a vehicle with the least mass would hit the wall with the (greater/least) force.

15. How many seconds did it take the object to travel 10 cm? 10s

16. What is the average speed shown in Graph A? 5cm/5s = 1cm/s

17. How far did the object travel in the 60 seconds? 60cm

Chemistry

18. The atomic number is the same as the number of protons and electrons.

19. Atomic mass is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

20. Rows of the periodic table are called periods.

21. You determine the number of valence electrons by looking at the ones digit in the group number.

22. List the number(s) that match the type of elements.

• All Metals 1 & 2

• Transition Metals 2

• Nonmetals 4

• Metalloids 3

--------------------------------------------------

• Most reactive metal is Fr

• Most reactive nonmetal is F

| |Subatomic Particles |

| |Particle |Mass |Charge |Location |

|23 |proton |1 amu |Positive |In the nucleus |

|24 |neutron |1 amu |No charge |In the nucleus |

|25 |electron |Very small |Negative |Orbitals/electron cloud |

26. How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

Mass # - Atomic # = Neutrons

Fill in the chart below.

|Element |Atomic number |Atomic Mass |Protons/ |Neutrons |Valence electrons |Group |Period |

| | | |Electrons | | | | |

|27. Nitrogen |7 |14 |7 |7 |5 |15 |2 |

|28. Lithium |3 |7 |3 |4 |1 |1 |2 |

|29. Boron |5 |11 |5 |6 |3 |13 |2 |

|30. Calcium |20 |40 |20 |20 |2 |2 |4 |

|31. Potassium |19 |39 |19 |20 |1 |1 |4 |

|32. Neon |10 |20 |10 |10 |8 |18 |2 |

33. Elements that have similar chemical properties and react in similar ways are all found in the same group.

34. Count the number of atoms in the following chemical formula. 2C6H12O6

Number of Elements involved: 3 ( C, H, O

Number of Atoms per element: Carbon 2 * 6 = 12

Hydrogen 2 *12= 24

Oxygen 2 * 6 = 12

48

Number of Molecules: 2 (look at coefficient)

35. Count the atoms for the following equation and state if it is balanced or not. Not balanced

NaCl + F2 ( 2NaF + Cl2

Sodium (Na) 1 Sodium (Na) 2

Chlorine (Cl) 1 Chlorine (Cl) 2

Fluorine (F) 2 Fluorine (F) 2

36. List the elements on the periodic table that are the least reactive and most chemically stable.

A. Neon D. Xenon

B. Argon E. Radon

C. Krypton ** They are all found in group 18

37. Does the follow equation meet the Law of Conservation of Mass? Yes

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

Potassium 2 Potassium 2

Chlorine 2 Chlorine 2

Oxygen 6 Oxygen 6

38. Count the atoms for the following molecules.

H2CO3 2+1+3=6 3Ca(NO3)2 3+6+18=27 2Al2(SO)3 4+6+6=16

39. List the particles of helium atom.

Protons 2

Neutrons 2

Electrons 2

40. What is the element shown in the model below? Nitrogen

.

41. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.

42. The left side of a reaction are the reactants. The right side are the products.

43. Identify as physical (P) or chemical reaction (C):

P melting ice

C burning wood

P grinding rocks

C fireworks exploding

C burning paper

C rusting metal

44. The four ways to determine if a chemical reaction occurred are:

1) color change

2) precipitate forms

3) gas production

4) temperature change

45. If your reactants are 4g of substance A and 3g of substance B, the Law of Conservation of Mass states that your product should be 7g.

46. Draw the electron dot diagram for Nitrogen.

N

Matching: Write the letter of the scientist who is most known for the scientific accomplishment.

|Accomplishment |Scientist |

|47. Discovered protons, the nucleus, and |D) Ernest Rutherford |

|that the atom is mostly empty space | |

|48. Electrons move in shells/orbitals |E) Neils Bohr |

|49. Electrons move in a cloud |F) Modern Model |

|50. Stated that matter cannot be divided |A) Democritus |

|forever – atomos | |

|51. Organized the periodic table |B) Dmitri Mendeleev |

|52. Discovered electrons |C) J.J. Thomson |

Living Systems and their Environment

Use the below words to fill in the blanks of questions 53-64.

Producer Consumer Prey Predator Competition Mutualism

Abiotic Biotic Parasite Host Decomposer Commensalism

53. An organism that is harmed by unwillingly or unknowingly providing a source of energy or a suitable environment for another organism to live is called a host.

54. An organism that uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food is called a producer.

55. All the living organisms in an environment are called biotic factors.

56. All the non-living things in an environment such as water, soil, air, and sun are called abiotic factors.

57. An organism that lives on or in another organism and causes harm the organism by taking nutrients is called a parasite.

58. An organism that is hunted and killed by another organism for food is called a prey.

59. Organisms that break down the remains of other organisms are called a decomposer.

60. The struggle between organisms for the limited resources (such as food, living space, water) in a habitat is called competition.

61. A relationship between 2 organisms of two different species in which each member benefits is called mutualism.

62. A relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called commensalism.

63. An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms is called a consumer.

64. An organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food is called a predator.

Use the energy pyramid to answer question 65-68.

65. Which level in this pyramid would represent:

producers? D

first-level consumer? C

second-level consumer? B

66. Which level in this pyramid has the least energy available? A

67. Which level in this pyramid has the most energy available? D

68. The organisms in level A require (more / less) energy than the organisms in level B.

69. List the 3 types of ecosystems: terrestrial, marine & freshwater

70. What would be the long term effects if the frogs became extinct from this ecosystem?

- Insect population would increase.

- Snake food option would decrease.

71. What would be the short term effects if we removed all the insects from this food web?

-The number of songbirds would decrease

-The number of frogs would decrease

-The number of plants would increase

Nature of Science

A student set up the experiment below to learn about plant growth. The student added a different amount of water to four identical containers, each containing four seeds in 100 cubic centimeters of soil. All of the containers were placed in the same sunny location.

In the experiment above, what is(are) the:

72. IV: amount of water

73. DV: height of each plant

74. Controls: identical containers, four seeds each, 100 cubic centimeters of soil, same sunny location

75. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment: If I add 10 mL of water to one plant, then it will grow taller than the other plants. (Answers will vary)

**Be prepared to write about how humans impact the marine ecosystems in detail –

a) description of topic

b) how does it positively/negatively impact the ecosystem

c) what we can do to prevent/improve the situation

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70 N

7P

7N

130 N

F

M

A

S

T

D

Speed Graph A

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