Name ___________________________________Your Science ...



Name _______________________________________ Your Science Instructor _________________________ Period ____ Date _________________

Review Test 8th grade for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test 2.0 Science

The benchmark for the question will be listed first and under the benchmark will be the question referring to that benchmark.

Physical Science

SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using models to explain the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

1. Trudy made a pitcher of lemonade. Which diagram BEST represents the liquid water molecules?

|A |[pic] |B |[pic] |

|C |[pic] |G |[pic] |

SC.8.P.8.2 Differentiate between weight and mass recognizing that weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object and is distinct from, though proportional to, mass.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

2. .If you were to take a radio to the moon, which of the following would correctly describe the changes to its mass and weight?

A. Its mass and weight would not change.

B. Its mass would increase, and its weight would remain the same.

C. Its weight would increase, and its mass would remain the same.

D. Its weight would decrease, and its mass would remain the same.

SC.8.P.8.3 Explore and describe the densities of various materials through measurement of their masses and volumes.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

3. A student is given two different objects, a marble and a cube, that appear to be made of the same substance. The student did some measurements of the objects and recorded the measurements in the table.

[pic]

Using the student's measurements, determine if the two objects are indeed made of the same substance. The formula for density is D = M / V.

A. No. The objects are different substances because their masses are different.

B. No. The objects are different substances because their densities are different.

C. No. The objects are different substances because their volumes are different.

D. Yes. The objects are the same substance because they have the same density.

4. Fresh milk has several parts that a farmer can separate and sell. A farmer removes the top layer of fat from fresh milk. Why is the layer of fat on top?

A. The fat does not mix well with the other parts of the milk.

B. The fat has a lower density than the other parts of the milk.

C. There is less fat in compared to other parts of the milk.

D. There other parts of the milk come out of the cow before the fat.

SC.8.P.8.4 Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

5. Physical properties can be used to compare and classify substances. The process below demonstrates a physical property of sugar.

[pic]

SUGAR WATER SUGAR SOLUTION

Which of the following physical properties of sugar is demonstrated by the process?

A. Solubility

B. Density

C. Thermal conductivity

D. Melting point

6. ____ is a physical property.

|a. |Oxidation |c. |Flammability |

|b. |Density |d. |Combustibility |

7. The physical property that determines how easily heat and electricity pass through a material is _____.

|a. |conductivity |c. |hardness |

|b. |density |d. |weight |

SC.8.P.8.5 Recognize that there are a finite number of elements and that their atoms combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that make up all of the living and nonliving things that we encounter.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Low

8. Which is a compound?

|a. |[pic] |c. |[pic] |

|b. |[pic] |d. |[pic] |

9. An atomic model of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is shown below.

[pic]

How many different elements have combined to form this compound of sulfuric acid?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 7

SC.8.P.8.6 Recognize that elements are grouped in the periodic table according to similarities of their properties.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Low

10. Lithium (Li), sodium ( Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) are in the same column in the periodic table? Why are these elements in the same column in the periodic table?

|a. |They have the same properties. |c. |They have the same number of protons. |

|b. |They have atoms of the same size. |d. |They have the same number of neutrons. |

SC.8.P.8.7 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by recognizing that atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are composed of sub-atomic particles (electrons surrounding a nucleus containing

protons and neutrons).

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Low

11. The energy levels of an atom are occupied by ____.

|a. |electrons |c. |neutrons |

|b. |protons |d. |Ions |

12. Atoms can have different numbers of which of the following?

|a. |electrons |c. |neutrons |

|b. |protons |d. |all of the above |

SC.8.P.8.8 Identify basic examples of and compare and classify the properties of compounds, including acids, bases, and salts.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

13. Hydrogen sulfide has a pH of 4.5, water has pH of 7.0, and sodium hydroxide has a pH of 12.0 which of these compounds is an acid?

a. Hydrogen sulfide c. sodium hydroxide

b. Water d. Cannot be determined

SC.8.P.8.9 Distinguish among mixtures (including solutions) and pure substances.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

14. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a(n)____.

|a. |chemical change |c. |element |

|b. |compound |d. |Mixture |

15. If a substance has a high solubility, _____ of it can dissolve in a given solvent.

|a. |less |c. |an equal amount |

|b. |more |d. |none |

SC.8.P.9.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

16. Why is the law of conservation of mass true?

|a. |All atoms at the start of a chemical reaction are present at the end of the reaction. |

|b. |All the molecules in a substance remain intact during a chemical reaction. |

|c. |The substances at the start of a chemical reaction gather more atoms to make up for those lost in the reaction. |

|d. |All molecules at the start of a chemical reaction are present at the end of the reaction. |

17. The mass of the products of a chemical reaction ____ the mass of the reactants.

|a. |is greater than |c. |is the same as |

|b. |is less than |d. |may be more or less than |

SC.8.P.9.2 Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

18. Substances change states when they move between solid, liquid, and gas forms. When a substance changes from one state of matter to another, it has undergone

A. a reduction in mass.

B. an increase in mass.

C. a chemical change.

D. a physical change.

19. Michael decides to bake bread one morning. He measures ingredients, mixes them together to make a dough, and cooks the dough in an oven. As the dough cooks, Michael observes the bread rising. Which of the following is evidence of the chemical change in Michael’s bread-making process?

A. Sugar dissolving in the liquid batter.

B. The bread rising as carbon dioxide is released.

C. Water in the dough being released as water vapor.

D. The dry ingredients mixing with the wet ingredien

SC.8.P.9.3 Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

20. In a chemical reaction, if the reactants are heated, the reaction usually happens

a) Faster

b) Slower

c) At the same rate

d) In a smaller volume

Earth Science

SC.8.E.5.1 Recognize that there are enormous distances between objects in space and apply our knowledge of light and space travel to understand this distance.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

Use the table to answer the questions.

Average Distance of the Planets from the Sun

|Planet |Average Distance (km) |Average Distance (AU) |

|Mercury |57,910,000 |0.39 |

|Venus |108,210,000 |0.72 |

|Earth |149,600,000 |1.00 |

|Mars |227,920,000 |1.52 |

|Jupiter |778,570,000 |5.20 |

|Saturn |1,433,530,000 |9.58 |

|Uranus |2,872,460,000 |19.20 |

|Neptune |4,495, 060,000 |30.05 |

21. In astronomical units, about how much farther is Saturn from the Sun than Jupiter is?

|a. |2 AU |c. |4.38 AU |

|b. |655,000,000 AU |d. |5.2 AU |

22. Why did the artists for both of these illustrations feel it necessary to represent the inner planets with a pulled out piece?

[pic]

[pic]

|a. |They thought it was prettier. |

|b. |The distances between the planets in the outer part of the solar system are so great that drawing everything on the same|

| |scale makes it impossible to represent the inner planets. |

|c. |The distances between the planets in the inner part of the solar system are so great that drawing everything on the same|

| |scale makes it impossible to represent the outer planets. |

|d. |It is a more dramatic representation. |

SC.8.E.5.2 Recognize that the universe contains many billions of galaxies and that each galaxy contains many billions of stars.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Low

23. Which statement is true about our universe?

|a. |Objects in our universe only give off light and heat |c. |All objects in our universe revolve around our Sun. |

| |energy. | | |

|b. |The universe contains only a few galaxies such as our own|d. |The universe contains many billions of galaxies and that |

| |called the Milky way galaxy. | |each galaxy contains billions of stars. |

SC.8.E.5.3 Distinguish the hierarchical relationships between planets and other astronomical bodies relative to solar system, galaxy, and universe, including distance, size, and composition.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

24. Venus and Earth both experience a ____ because of heat trapped by their atmospheres.

|a. |cloud cover |c. |greenhouse effect |

|b. |slow rotation |d. |cooling effect |

25. Jessie draws the diagram below (not to scale) to show the relative sizes of several parts of the universe.

[pic]

Which of these is larger than a solar system, but smaller than the universe?

A. comet

B. galaxy

C. moon

D. star

SC.8.E.5.4 Explore the Law of Universal Gravitation by explaining the role that gravity plays in the formation of planets, stars, and solar systems and in determining their motions.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

26. What causes planets and other space objects to revolve around the Sun rather than going off in a straight line as indicated by the solid arrow in the picture below?

[pic]

|a. |inertia - once an object is traveling in a circle it will keep traveling in a circle |

|b. |pressure - the air in space pushes the object toward the Sun |

|c. |gravity - the Sun is pulling the object toward it |

|d. |gravity - the object is pulling the Sun toward it |

SC.8.E.5.5 Describe and classify specific physical properties of stars: apparent magnitude (brightness), temperature (color), size, and luminosity (absolute brightness).

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

27. A measure of the amount of light received on Earth is a star's _____.

|a. |apparent magnitude |c. |position in space |

|b. |absolute magnitude |d. |size |

SC.8.E.5.6 Create models of solar properties including: rotation, structure of the Sun, convection, sunspots, solar flares, and prominences.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Low

28. What is solar wind?

|a. |charged particles streaming toward the Sun |

|b. |a wind pattern in Earth’s atmosphere caused by the air being warmed by the Sun |

|c. |charged particles streaming away from the Sun |

|d. |huge bubbles of gas ejected from the corona of the Sun |

SC.8.E.5.7 Compare and contrast the properties of objects in the Solar System including the Sun, planets, and moons to those of Earth, such as gravitational force, distance from the Sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

29. The orbits of ____ lie closer to the Sun than does Earth's orbit.

|a. |Mercury and Mars |c. |Mars and Venus |

|b. |Mercury and Venus |d. |Jupiter and Mercury |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

30. On Earth, hydrogen and helium are naturally found as gases. Why are they liquid on the outer planets?

|a. |the temperature due to the distance from the Sun |

|b. |the pressure from the gravitational forces of the massive planets |

|c. |the distance from the Sun |

|d. |Both a and b |

SC.8.E.5.8 Compare various historical models of the Solar System, including geocentric and heliocentric.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

31. In the geocentric model of the solar system the ___________ is the center of the solar system.

|a. |Sun |c. |red giant star |

|b. |Earth |d. |background of distant stars |

SC.8.E.5.9 Explain the impact of objects in space on each other including: 1)the Sun on the Earth including seasons and gravitational attraction; AND 2) the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position of each body.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

32. Which phase of the Moon is shown if this is a picture of what the sky looks like at midnight?

[pic]

|a. |new moon |c. |full moon |

|b. |first quarter |d. |third quarter |

[pic]

33. Which letter shows Earth’s position in December?

|a. |A |c. |C |

|b. |B |d. |D |

34. A new planet is discovered in a different solar system. The new planet is much like Earth. One difference is that the planet does not have tides. What does the planet lack that Earth has?

A. a star

B. a moon

C. a geosphere

D. a rotational period

Life Science

SC.8.L.18.1 Describe and investigate the process of photosynthesis, such as the roles of light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll; production of food; release of oxygen.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

35. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?

|a. |carbon dioxide |c. |glucose |

|b. |water |d. |light energy |

36. As much as 90 percent of the oxygen in our atmosphere is the result of _____.

|a. |photoperiodism |c. |thigmotropism |

|b. |respiration |d. |photosynthesis |

SC.8.L.18.2 Describe and investigate how cellular respiration breaks down food to provide energy and releases carbon dioxide. Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

37. Which of the following is necessary for cellular respiration?

|a. |water |c. |nitrogen |

|b. |carbon dioxide |d. |Oxygen |

| | | | |

38. Cellular respiration releases _____.

|a. |energy |c. |carbon dioxide |

|b. |liquid sugar |d. |oxygen |

SC.8.L.18.3 Construct a scientific model of the carbon cycle to show how matter and energy are continuously transferred within and between organisms and their physical environment.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

39. A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.

[pic]

Each arrow represents a process in the cycle. Which of the following best describes the process that occurs at the arrow going from animals to decomposers?

A. Decomposers break down molecules in animals into carbon-based soil nutrients.

B. Animals release oxygen that is used by decomposers to produce carbon dioxide.

C. Animals release carbon dioxide that is used by decomposers for growth and reproduction.

D. Decomposers combine carbon-based nutrients from plants and animals to produce glucose.

SC.8.L.18.4 Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

40. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, water, and energy to form carbohydrates and oxygen. Which of the following best explains how plants follow the Law of Conservation of Mass during photosynthesis?

A. The reaction uses energy to produce a product without energy.

B. A gas (carbon dioxide) and a liquid (water) use energy to produce a solid (carbohydrates).

C. The amount of each element that begins photosynthesis equals the amount of each element that is produced.

D. The amount of carbohydrates at the beginning of photosynthesis equals the amount of oxygen that is produced.

41. A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.

[pic]

Which of the following best explains the roles plants and animals play in recycling carbon?

A. Plants and animals both take in carbon through respiration. They return it to the cycle through decomposition.

B. Plants take in carbon through photosynthesis and decomposition. Animals produce carbon through respiration.

C. Animals produce carbon through exhaling. Plants take in carbon for photosynthesis.

D. Plants produce carbon through photosynthesis. Animals take in carbon for breathing.

Scientific Thinking

SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

42. Students made an electromagnet by wrapping a wire in loops around an iron nail and attaching the wire to a battery, as shown below.

[pic]

The students conducted a test to learn how the number of wire loops affected the number of paper clips held by the electromagnet. The table below shows the results of the test.

|Number of wire loops |Number of paper clips held |

|10 |2 |

|20 |4 |

|30 |7 |

|40 |9 |

Based on the information from the table, which of the following is the outcome (dependent) variable in this experiment?

A. The number of wire loops wrapped around the nail.

B. The number of paper clips held by the electromagnet.

C. The material the nail was made of.

D. The size of the battery.

43.

[pic]

After seeing these results, Ella wrote four questions in her lab notebook.

Question 1: Why did the water level in the test tube go down?

Question 2: Is light needed to change the water level in the test tube?

Question 3: Did light cause the water level in the test tube to go down?

Question 4: Would a different type of plant change the water level in the test tube?

Ella set up an experiment to investigate one of her questions. She set up one test tube to look like Figure 1. She set up another test tube similar to Figure 1 but without a lamp, and placed it in a dark closet. A day later, Ella checked the water level in each test tube.

Which question could best be answered with Ella’s experiment?

A. Question 1

B. Question 2

C. Question 3

D. Question 4

44. Researchers grew some bacteria in a lab and tested them in several trials. The results are shown in the table.

[pic]

In this experiment, which trial served as the control?

|A. |1 |

|B. |2 |

|C. |3 |

|D. |4 |

SC.8.N.1.2 Design and conduct a study using repeated trials and replication.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

45. Derek hypothesizes that a potted fern in a closed container will stay healthier than the same type of plant on an open windowsill. At the conclusion of his investigation, Derek finds that his results support his hypothesis. Which BEST explains why Derek should repeat the investigation?

|A |to be able to start another investigation |

|B |to prove the investigation is important |

|C |to learn why the hypothesis is correct |

|D |to make sure the results are reliable |

SC.8.N.1.3 Use phrases such as "results support" or "fail to support" in science, understanding that science does not offer conclusive 'proof' of a knowledge claim.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

46. Before 1896, many scientists concluded that light could not pass through black paper. In 1896, Henri Becquerel observed that uranium salts could cause a plate covered by black paper to react as if light had reached it.

How did this observation affect conclusions about light passing through black paper?

A. Scientists ignored Becquerel’s evidence because uranium is dangerous to use, so his study was not valid.

B. Scientists repeated Becquerel’s experiment until it no longer worked and reported that his conclusions were not valid.

C. Scientists had to revise their earlier conclusion because evidence from Becquerel did not support the original conclusion.

D. Scientists stood behind the earlier conclusion that black paper blocks light because it was already an accepted conclusion.

SC.8.N.1.4 Explain how hypotheses are valuable if they lead to further investigations, even if they turn out not to be supported by the data.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

47. Keesha did an experiment to study the rate of photosynthesis in the water plant Elodea. She placed a piece of Elodea in a beaker of water and set the beaker 10 centimeters (cm) from a light source. Keesha counted the bubbles released from the plant every minute for five minutes (min). She repeated the process two more times. First, she moved the light to 20 cm from the beaker, and then she moved the light to 30 cm from the beaker. Keesha’s setup and data are shown below.

|Number of Bubbles |

|Time |Distance (cm) |

|(min) | |

| |10 |20 |30 |

|1 |30 |5 |1 |

|2 |29 |5 |1 |

|3 |31 |5 |3 |

|4 |31 |4 |2 |

|5 |30 |4 |2 |

What is the outcome variable (dependent variable) in this experiment?

A. the number of bubbles produced

B. the type of plant placed in the beaker

C. the amount of time the bubbles were counted

D. the distance of the light source from the plant

SC.8.N.1.5 Analyze the methods used to develop a scientific explanation as seen in different fields of science.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

48. A controlled experiment is a means for carrying out a fair test of a hypothesis. In a controlled experiment, all of the variables that can influence the outcome variable (dependent variable) of the experiment are controlled or held constant, except for the test variable (independent variable). Which of the following hypotheses would NOT be tested using a controlled experiment?

a. A geologist’s hypothesis about how the Grand Canyon formed.

b. A biologist’s hypothesis that use of fertilizer increase the growth of grass.

c. A biologist’s hypothesis that increases in average temperatures causes an increase in honey bee population.

d. A geologist’s hypothesis that acid rain weathers sedimentary rock more rapidly than igneous rock.

SC.8.N.1.6 Understand that scientific investigations involve the collection of relevant empirical evidence, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses, predictions, explanations and models to make sense of the collected evidence.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

49. When Alfred Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, most Earth scientists did not immediately accept it. Many expressed skepticism because the theory did not explain what force was strong enough to move continents. Later, scientists investigating continental drift found evidence that explained how continents are able to move. Plate tectonics, which grew from the theory of continental drift, now explains how continents move over time.

How was the initial skepticism of earth scientists useful to the scientific process?

a. Skeptical comments showed that continental drift was not a correct explanation of Wegener’s observations.

b. The skeptics kept people from forgetting about earlier observations that did not support continental drift.

c. The scientists who were skeptical kept earth science from changing views too rapidly.

d. The skeptics raised questions that became the starting point for new investigations.

SC.8.N.3.2 Explain why theories may be modified but are rarely discarded.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

50. Which of the following best explains how a scientific theory might be changed?

a. All scientists agree to change the theory.

b. Data from new experiments could lead to revisions of the theory.

c. Several scientists propose a new theory.

d. Theories do not change because they are based on well-tested hypotheses.

Benchmarks not assessed on the above test.

SC.8.E.5.10 Assess how technology is essential to science for such purposes as access to outer space and other remote locations, sample collection, measurement, data collection and storage, computation, and

communication of information.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

SC.8.E.5.11 Identify and compare characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum such as wavelength, frequency, use and hazards and recognize its application to an understanding of planetary images and satellite photographs.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

SC.8.E.5.12 Summarize the effects of space exploration on the economy and culture of Florida.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

SC.8.N.2.1 Distinguish between scientific and pseudoscientific ideas.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

SC.8.N.2.2 Discuss what characterizes science and its methods.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

SC.8.N.3.1 Select models useful in relating the results of their own investigations.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

SC.8.N.4.1 Explain that science is one of the processes that can be used to inform decision making at the community, state, national, and international levels.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: Moderate

SC.8.N.4.2 Explain how political, social, and economic concerns can affect science, and vice versa.

Cognitive Complexity/Depth of Knowledge Rating: High

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