FODE GRADE 8 ENGLISH LANGUAGE STRAND 2

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

FODE GRADE 8 ENGLISH LANGUAGE

STRAND 2

READING and WRITING 2 (GRAMMAR)

FLEXIBLE OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2017

Writers: Otsie O. Morgan, Ma. Cleofe Z. Dagale, Geraldine C. Caba?ero, Nancy G. Jonathan

Editors: FODE English Department FODE Subject Editing Team FODE English Subject Review Committee

GR 8 ENG LANG S2

TITLE

GRADE 8

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

STRAND 2

GRAMMAR (READING AND WRITING 2)

TOPIC 1: THE THREE FORMS OF TENSES TOPIC 2: VERB USUAGE TOPIC 3: SIGNALS OF MODAL VERBS TOPIC 4: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

GR 8 ENG LANG S2

2

ISBN & COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contributions of all Secondary Teachers who in one way or another helped to develop this Course.

Our profound gratitude goes to the former Principal of FODE, Mr. Demas Tongogo for leading FODE team towards this great achievement. Special thanks to the Staff of the English Department of FODE who played active role in coordinating and editing processes.

We also acknowledge the professional guidance provided by Curriculum and Development Assessment Division throughout the processes of writing and, the services given by member of the English Review and Academic Committees. The development of this module was Co-funded by GoPNG and World Bank.

DIANA TEIT AKIS PRINCIPAL

Published in 2017 ? Copyright 2017, Department of Education Papua New Guinea

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, and recording or any other form of reproduction without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-9980-87-366-8 National Library Service of Papua New Guinea

Printed by Flexible Open and Distance Education

Writers: Otsie O. Morgan Ma. Cleofe Z. Dagale Geraldine C. Caba?ero Nancy G. Jonathan

Editors: FODE English Department FODE Subject Editing Team FODE English Subject Review Committee

GR 8 ENG LANG S2

3

CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

SECRETARYS MESSAGE .......................................................................

4

INTRODUCTION TO STRAND 2 ................................................................

5

STUDY GUIDE.........................................................................................

6

TOPIC 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8

TOPIC 2 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 13

TOPIC 3 Lesson 14 Lesson 15 Lesson 16 Lesson 17

TOPIC 4 Lesson 18 Lesson 19 Lesson 20 Lesson 21

THE THREE FORMS OF TENSES ........................ 7

Review of the Simple Tenses .....................................

9

The Present Continuous Tense ..................................... 15

The Past Continuous Tense ....................................... 20

The Future Continuous Tense ..................................... 27

The Present Perfect Tense .......................................... 31

The Past Perfect Tense ............................................. 36

The Future Perfect Tense ........................................... 41

Table of Tenses ....................................................... 46

Answers to Practice Exercises 1 - 8 ............................ 50

VERB USAGE ........................................................ 53 The Future with will and shall .................................... 55

The Future with Be going ........................................... 60

The Active Voice ...................................................... 65

The Passive Voice ..................................................... 69

Negative Statements and Negative Questions ................. 74

Answers to Practice Exercises 9 - 13 ....................... 80

SIGNALS OF MODAL VERBS ................................... 83

Ability Signals ......................................................... 85

Permission Signals ................................................... 88

Possibility and Certainty Signals .................................. 92

Necessity Signals ...................................................... 97

Answers to Practice Exercises 14 - 17 ...................... 102

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS .................................. 105

Adjectives and Adverbs ............................................. 107

Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ......................... 113

The Order of Adjectives in a Series ............................... 119

Position of Adverbs ................................................... 122

Answers to Practice Exercises 18 - 21 ...................... 128

Glossary .................................................................. 130 References .............................................................. 134

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