Ch. 9 Answer Key - Weebly

031-42_CH09_60773 10/23/01 8:05 PM Page 41

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

Section Review 9-1

1. cellular respiration 2. glucose 3. NADH

4. two 5. alcohol, CO2, NAD 6. The process

of fermentation does not require oxygen.

7. Fermentation continues to produce NAD

without oxygen. This process allows glycolysis to

continue to produce ATP. 8. glucose 9. (2) NADH

10. (2) pyruvic acid

Section Review 9-2

1. Pyruvic acid is the product of glycolysis and

becomes one of the reactants in the Krebs cycle. It is

broken down into carbon dioxide to produce ATP.

2. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration.

The pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is broken down in the presence of oxygen during the Krebs

cycle. 3. High-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle

and glycolysis are used to convert ADP to ATP in the

electron transport chain. 4. The reactants in cellular

respiration are glucose and oxygen. The products of

cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and

ATP. 5. photosynthesis 6. photosynthesis 7. cellular respiration 8. cellular respiration 9. Only 2 ATP

are obtained from glycolysis, while a total of 36 ATP

are obtained from cellular respiration. 10. The baseball player would probably use lactic acid fermentation, and the cross-country skier would use cellular

respiration. The baseball player would need quick

energy and an ATP supply for only a few seconds.

The cross-country skier would need to generate a

continuing supply of ATP for a longer period of time.

ANSWER KEY

series of energy-extracting reactions. 9. The electron

transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from

the Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP. 10. alcoholic

fermentation 11. lactic acid fermentation 12. cellular respiration 13. glycolysis 14. cellular respiration 15. lactic acid fermentation 16. b 17. d 18. c

19. glycolysis 20. Krebs cycle

Enrichment

1. Student responses should suggest that adding the

cup of yogurt to the unfermented milk would introduce Lactobacillus bacteria to the bowl of fresh milk,

allowing it to ferment also. This is, in fact, exactly

how fermented milk products are made. Active cultures of Lactobacilli are added to the products to ferment them. 2. Lactic acid slows the growth of

bacteria and other organisms that cause food to spoil.

Graphic Organizer

1. quick production of ATP and NADH for cellular

energy 2. release of energy without oxygen 3. longterm, slow production of ATP for cellular energy

4. glucose, ATP 5. glucose, ATP 6. ATP, NADH,

pyruvic acid 7. ATP, H2O, CO2 8. can release

energy without oxygen 9. sustains energy production much longer than glycolysis and fermentation

10. quickly fills all available NAD molecules with

electrons and the process stops 11. much slower

than glycolysis and fermentation

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Real-World Lab

Chapter Vocabulary Review

Analyze and Conclude 1. Students¡¯ graphs

1. A calorie is the amount of energy needed to

should have pH on the y-axis and time in days on the

x-axis. The pH should decline from about 7 to around

4 by day 28. 2. Lactic acid caused the change in pH.

It was produced by Lactobacillus during lactic acid

fermentation. Carbon dioxide also helped to acidify

the mixture. 3. Students should assess their original

prediction of the pH. If they had the pH decreasing

as the kimchi fermented, then they would have predicted correctly. The student should change any

incorrect hypothesis to reflect the decrease in pH.

4. The accumulation of a gas is a sign that alcoholic

fermentation is occurring. Students should infer

that the gas was carbon dioxide because this is the

major gaseous product of both aerobic and anaerobic

respiration.

raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius

degree. 2. Glycolysis is the process in which 1 molecule of glucose is broken down to produce 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and gives the cell a net gain of

2 molecules of ATP. 3. Cellular respiration is the

process that releases energy by breaking down

molecules in food in the presence of oxygen.

4. NAD is an electron carrier that helps pass energy

from glucose to other pathways in the cell during

glycolysis. 5. Fermentation is the process that allows

cells to release energy in the absence of oxygen.

6. Anaerobic means ¡°not in air.¡± 7. Aerobic means

¡°in air.¡± 8. The Krebs cycle is the process in which

pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a

Teaching Resources /Chapter 9

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