GRADE 9 Topic MATHEMATICS - FODE

Topic

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

GRADE 9

Topic

MATHEMATICS

UNIT 2

PATTERNS AND CHANGE

Published by:

FLEXIBLE OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION

PRIVATE MAIL BAG, P.O. WAIGANI, NCD FOR DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PAPUA NEW GUINEA

2013

GR 9 MATHEMATICS U2

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TITLE PAGE

GRADE 9

MATHEMATICS

UNIT 2

TOPIC 1: DIRECTED NUMBERS TOPIC 2: INDICES TOPIC 3: ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS TOPIC 4: EQUATIONS

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ACNOWLEDGEMENT

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contribution of all Secondary and Upper Primary teachers who in one way or another helped to develop this Course.

Special thanks are given to the staff of the Mathematics Department- FODE who played active role in coordinating writing workshops, outsourcing of lesson writing and editing processes involving selected teachers in Central and NCD.

We also acknowledge the professional guidance and services provided throughout the processes of writing by the members of:

Mathematics Department- CDAD Mathematics Subject Review Committee-FODE Academic Advisory Committee-FODE . This book was developed with the invaluable support and co-funding of the GOPNG and World Bank.

MR. DEMAS TONGOGO Principal-FODE

. Flexible Open and Distance Education Papua New Guinea

Published in 2016

@ Copyright 2016, Department of Education Papua New Guinea

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or any other form of reproduction by any process is allowed without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978- 9980- 87- 729-1

National Library Services of Papua New Guinea

Written by: Mrs. Estrella V. Tuguinay

Compiled and finalised by: Mrs. Luzviminda B. Fernandez SCO -Mathematics Department-FODE

Printed by the Flexible, Open and Distance Education

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Contents................................................................................................... Secretary's Message................................................................................... Unit Introduction......................................................................................... Study Guide.............................................................................................. TOPIC 1: DIRECTED NUMBERS.............................................................

Lesson 1: Directed Numbers in Practical Situations............................... Lesson 2: Adding Directed Numbers.................................................. Lesson 3: Subtracting Directed Numbers............................................ Lesson 4: Multiplying Directed Numbers............................................. Lesson 5: Dividing Directed Numbers................................................ Lesson 6: Solving Mixed Problems....................................................

Summary........................................................................ Answers to Practice Exercises 1-6....................................... TOPIC 2: INDICES................................................................................. Lesson 7: Squares and Square Roots................................................ Lesson 8: Multiplication Laws of Indices............................................. Lesson 9: Division Laws of Indices.................................................... Lesson 10: Zero and Negative Indices................................................. Lesson 11: Scientific Notation............................................................ Lesson 12: Combined Index Operations............................................... Summary....................................................................... Answers to Practice Exercises 1-6....................................... TOPIC 3: ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS..................................................... Lesson 13: Number Patterns............................................................. Lesson 14: Algebraic Expressions...................................................... Lesson 15: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions....................................... Lesson 16: Evaluating Algebraic Expressions....................................... Lesson 17: Factorization.................................................................. Summary....................................................................... Answers to Practice Exercises 1-6....................................... TOPIC 4: EQUATIONS........................................................................... Lesson 18: Simple Equations............................................................ Lesson 19: Solving Equations Involving Grouping Symbols...................... Lesson 20: Solving Equations Involving Unknowns on Both Sides............. Lesson 21: Equations Involving Fractions............................................ Lesson 22: Changing Subjects of Simple Equations............................... Lesson 23: Transposing Formulae...................................................... Lesson 24: Solving Word Problems.................................................... Summary........................................................................ Answers to Practice Exercises 1-6.......................................

REFERENCES.........................................................................................

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SECRETARY'S MESSAGE

MESSAGE

Achieving a better future by individuals students, their families, communities or the nation as a whole, depends on the curriculum and the way it is delivered.

This course is part and parcel of the new reformed curriculum ? the Outcome Base Education (OBE). Its learning outcomes are student centred and written in terms that allow them to be demonstrated, assessed and measured.

It maintains the rationale, goals, aims and principles of the National OBE Curriculum and identifies the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that students should achieve.

This is a provision of Flexible, Open and Distance Education as an alternative pathway of formal education.

The Course promotes Papua New Guinea values and beliefs which are found in our constitution, Government policies and reports. It is developed in line with the National Education Plan (2005 ? 2014) and addresses an increase in the number of school leavers which has been coupled with a limited access to secondary and higher educational institutions.

Flexible, Open and Distance Education is guided by the Department of Education's Mission which is fivefold;

to facilitate and promote integral development of every individual to develop and encourage an education system which satisfies the

requirements of Papua New Guinea and its people to establish, preserve, and improve standards of education throughout Papua

New Guinea to make the benefits of such education available as widely as possible to all of

the people to make education accessible to the physically, mentally and socially

handicapped as well as to those who are educationally disadvantaged

The College is enhanced to provide alternative and comparable path ways for students and adults to complete their education, through one system, many path ways and same learning outcomes.

It is our vision that Papua New Guineans harness all appropriate and affordable technologies to pursue this program.

I commend all those teachers, curriculum writers and instructional designers, who have contributed so much in developing this course.

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