Short Story Unit - Welcome to Mrs. Dudek's Class Page!



Mrs. Dudek

Academic English 9

Name_____________________Period ________

Short Story: “The Most Dangerous Game”

NAME ___________________________________ PERIOD _______

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Literary Analysis: conflict, setting, and suspense on the Short Story Unit Terms sheet.

1. Some of the most exciting narratives pit villain (antagonist) against hero (protagonist) in a life-or-death struggle. The tension in such stories often depends as much on the character of the bad guy or gal as on that of the hero. Write a few sentences describing a villain from a novel, story, or movie.

Why does that kind of a character fascinate people?

2. Reading Skill: Making Predictions

Note the title “The Most Dangerous Game” and the quotation “Sailors have a curious dread of the place.” Why might sailors dread this island? Make a prediction in the space below.

Vocabulary Builder: Word List

Bizarre futile grotesque indolently naive palpable scruples

A. Directions: In each of the following items, think about the meaning of the italicized word and then answer the question.

1. What is the danger if you approach a research paper assignment indolently?

2. How are you feeling if you have scruples about doing something?

3. How would you feel if you make a long and futile journey?

4. If the tension during the final two minutes of a game is palpable, do you think the spectators feel suspense or not? Explain.

5. What is another word that can be used to describe something that is grotesque?

6. Is it easy to fool someone who is naive? Explain.

7. If an event is bizarre, is it likely surprising? Explain.

Read the story to page ______and respond:

3. What is described as palpable in the story?

4. What do you know about the two men, Whitney and Rainsford, so far? Give personality traits along with their reason for traveling.

|Rainsford |Whitney |

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5. What do we know so far about the setting of “The Most Dangerous Game”?

Read halfway down to the words “I can’t tell in the dark…” and respond:

6. What is each man’s view of hunting?

WHITNEY—

RAINSFORD—

7. Considering their philosophies of hunting, which man do you agree with, Rainsford or Whitney? Why?

Read to the break and respond:

8. What phrases hint at the coming conflict in the story?

9. Write the sentence where tangible is used in the story.

a. How can evil be a tangible thing? Give some examples.

Continue reading, responding as you go:

10. Near the end of p_________, what is Rainsford doing, which would indicate to the reader that he is being indolent?

11. What phrase is used to describe the sea (which is a way to foreshadow violence to come)?

Continue reading, responding as you go:

12. In “he struggled up to the surface and tried to cry out…” What is the conflict described here, and is it external or internal?

13. The writer describes Rainsford’s conflict with the sea by referring to it as a creature with greedy lips. Does this comparison make sense? Why or why not?

14. Based on the description of General Zaroff, draw him in the space provided.

General Zaroff

Continue reading, answering questions as you go:

15. General Zaroff and Ivan are Cossacks. What do Zaroff’s remarks about Cossacks suggest about how he will behave later in the story?

16. The phrase “the most dangerous game,” a reference to the title. If the Cape buffalo isn’t the most dangerous game, to what “game” do you think Zaroff might be referring? Write down your prediction.

17. How has the lack of an external conflict led to an internal conflict for General Zaroff?

18. Why might a level of perfection be boring?

19. As you read the rest of the page, how does the author create suspense, or anticipation, here?

20. According to Zaroff, what are the 3 qualities of an ideal quarry?

a.

b.

c.

21. The English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) formulated the theory of evolution, an important part of which is the principle of natural selection. Basically, animals with certain advantages (stronger, smarter, quicker) are more likely to live longer and to pass on their genetic advantages to their offspring. On the other hand, natural selection helps to eliminate weaker animals because they are likely to die before passing on the weak traits to their offspring.

a. In what way is Zaroff’s interpretation of Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” flawed? For instance, what would happen if everyone adhered to this philosophy?

b. What is a famous historical example of someone who also twisted the principle of natural selection in order to justify committing heinous acts upon his fellow man?

Literary Analysis: Theme = a message about life that the author presents through characters and action. The insight may be about problems, conditions, or situations in human life.

22. A theme is expressed in complete sentences. The following is one theme of “The Most Dangerous Game”: Only point of view distinguishes hunting from murder. Compare/contrast hunting and murder in a Venn diagram below:

Read to the middle of ________ and respond:

23. What are the terms of the game (in detail)?

24. How has the conflict changed between Rainsford and Zaroff?

25. What feelings or forces within himself must Rainsford control in order to survive?

26. Why does Zaroff smile and blow the smoke ring? Who seems to have the upper hand in the conflict as this point? Explain.

27. What is Rainsford’s mental or emotional reaction to Zaroff ? What does Rainsford plan to do next? (Note: Oftentimes, fiction writers follow scenes with sequels, moments of mental or emotional reactions to what has just happened.)

28. What happens to Ivan?

29. General Zaroff regards himself as a civilized man and refers to luxuries such as champagne and fine tableware as “amenities of civilization.”

a. In our culture, what material possessions, actions, or inner qualities suggest that someone is civilized?

b. Which do you think are better indicators that someone is civilized: material possessions or inner qualities?

c. Is Zaroff a civilized man? Explain.

30. How is the conflict resolved at the end of the story? In other words, who wins the game, and how do you know?

31. Considering his Zaroff-like appreciation of the fine bed, what is suggested about Rainsford’s mental state by the last line of the story?

“The Most Dangerous Game”

Reading Skill: Use Details to Make Inferences

An inference is a logical guess that you make based on details in a story. When you make

inferences, you read between the lines to understand information that is not stated directly. To make inferences, ask yourself questions about the feelings and behavior of the characters. Here are some helpful questions to ask.

. What does this detail show about a character’s motivation, or the reasons for his or her

behavior?

. What does this passage say about the character’s unspoken feelings and thoughts?

Example from “The Most Dangerous Game”:

Detail from the story: “I can’t believe you are serious, General Zaroff. This is a grisly joke.”

Inference: Rainsford has just begun to realize that Zaroff hunts humans.

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B. Directions: Do you think The Most Dangerous Game” has a serious theme, or message about human nature or behavior? Or is it primarily a suspenseful adventure story intended to entertain readers rather than to make a point? Explain your answer with specific references to details in the story

Literary Analysis: Conflict

Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces. There are two types of conflict: internal and

external.

. In internal conflict, a character struggles with his or her own opposing feelings, beliefs,

needs, or desires.

. In external conflict, a character struggles against an outside force, such as another char

actor. society. or nature.

Conflict and the search for a solution are the mainspring of a story’s plot. The solution,

which usually occurs near the end of a story, is called the resolution. In some stories, the

conflict is not truly resolved. Instead, the main character experiences an epiphany, or sudden flash of insight. Although the conflict is not resolved, the character’s thoughts about it change.

A. The Most Dangerous Game contains a number of conflicts. On the following ones, briefly describe the story situations surrounding each conflict.

1. Rainsford vs. nature

3. General Zaroff vs. the visitors” to his island

4. Rainsford vs. General Zaroff

4. Rathsford within himself

“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

Complete the following questions to get you thinking about the concepts that will be a

part of the story we will read in class tomorrow. Be honest. The teacher will see your

responses, but you will not be required to share this information with anyone else. We

will have a time for discussion and sharing, but your participation will be optional as

long as you have done a thorough job on this sheet.

1. About how many times a day do you look at yourself in a mirror? (circle the range that

most accurate describes your behaviors)

0-3 4-7 8-11 12-16 17-22 23-28 29+

2. Why do you look in the mirror? __________________________________________

3. When do you look in the mirror?________________________________________

4. How important is your physical appearance to you? (circle which applies)

Very important Somewhat important Not that important Not important at all

Defend your response:

5. How important do you think your physical appearance is to others? (circle which

applies)

Very important somewhat important Not that important Not important at all

Defend your response:

6. Do you need material possessions (i.e., a cellphone, or Ipod, or designer clothes,

etc.) to feel good about yourself? Why or why not?

“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

Vocabulary Builder

Word List

Attributes dejection disheveled profoundly resplendent rueful

A. In each item below, think about the meaning of the italicized word, and then

answer the question in a complete sentence.

1. How would a person with a disheveled appearance look?

2. If you were rueful about one of your actions, how would you feel?

3. Describe something that might move you profoundly, and tell how you would feel.

4. Describe a resplendent scene that would impress you.

5. How would a person who is experiencing dejection likely act?

Reading Skill: Ask Questions to Analyze Cause and Effect

“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

A cause is an event, action, or feeling that produces a result. An effect is the result

produced. As you read, ask questions to analyze cause and effect. Examining these

relationships helps you follow the logic that moves a story forward. As you read, ask yourself:

. What happened?

. Why did it happen?

. What happens as a result?

A single cause may produce several effects. Effects may, in turn, become causes.

: Use the cause-and-effect chart below to keep track of events in the story.

|Cause |Effect |

|1. Monsieur Loisel receives an invitation to a |Madame Loisel complains that she has |

|reception at the Ministry. |nothing to wear. |

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“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

Literary Analysis: Character and Characterization

A character is a person. an animal, or even an object who participates in the action and experiences the events of a literary work. Writers communicate what characters are like through characterization. There are two mam types of characterization:

. Direct characterization: The writer tells readers what a character is like.

. Indirect characterization: The writer gives readers clues to a character.

The writer might show the character’s behavior, present the character’s words and thoughts, describe the character’s physical appearance, or reveal what other characters say or think about the character. Often, when a writer uses indirect characterization, it is up to the reader to draw logical conclusions about the character’s personality and motivations.

When she sat down to dinner at her round table with its three-day-old cloth, and watched her husband opposite her lift the lid of the soup tureen and exclaim, delighted: “Ah, a good homemade beef stew! There’s nothing better. . .“ she would visualize elegant dinners with gleaming silver amid tapestried walls peopled by knights and ladies and exotic birds in a fairy forest.

Directions: On the lines provided, briefly explain how each excerpt from the story helps to

characterize one or more of the characters.

1. She suffered constantly, feeling that all the attributes of a gracious life, every luxury,

should rightly have been hers. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. She looked at him, irritated, and said impatiently, “I haven’t a thing to wear. How could I go?”

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3. “Well, all right, then. I’ll give you four hundred francs. But try to get something really nice.”

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4. Madame Forestier said in a faintly waspish tone: “You could have brought it back a little

sooner! I might have needed it.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Madame Loisel started to tremble. Should she speak to her? Yes, certainly she should. And

now that she had paid everything back, why shouldn’t she tell her the whole story? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Choose one of the following activities to complete.

1. Write a sequel to “The Necklace”. Tell how Madame Loisel reacts to the discovery that the necklace is paste. How does this discovery affect the lives of Madame Loisel and her husband.

2. In groups of three, create a pantomime that tells the entire story of “The Necklace” in no more than three minutes. Remember that pantomimes use only actions and gestures, no words. Rehearse your pantomime and then perform it for the class.

Elements of the Short Story Review

A Small Group Retelling Activity: Cut terms apart and put by sets into zip-lock bags. In small groups, each student should select one or more terms from the bag. Be sure to go over all terms and share responses within the small group. As time permits, share with the entire group.

Note-taking Graphic Organizer

Reviewing Our Understanding of “The Scarlet Ibis”

Directions:

In an effort to review your understanding of The Scarlet Ibis” and prepare for the class discussion to follow, please complete this handout. Use this as a noe-taking guide to help you prepare for class, but also to deepen your understanding of the story as well as the elements of the short story we have been studying.

“The Interlopers” by Saki

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Discussion Questions: Please read and consider each question. Answer both questions within one paragraph. Be prepared to share your answers in a class discussion.

1) Do you believe there are situations when it makes sense to hold a grudge against another person? Why or why not?

2) Do you or someone you know have a grudge against another person? If so, why?

“The Interlopers” by Saki

Vocabulary Builder

Word List

acquiesced condolences disputed feud languor precipitous

A. Replace each italicized word or group of words with a word from the Word List.

Rewrite the sentence in the space provided.

1. Pinned beneath the huge beech tree, Ulrich experiences pain and lack of vigor.

2. Ironically, Georg reassures Ulrich that he will send expressions of sympathy.

3. The property in dispute is a narrow strip of sheer, steeply inclined woodland.

4. Georg and Uhich have been in a long-lasting disagreement.

5. The families fought over the land and hunting rights.

6. Neither gave in and tried to settle their disagreement civilly.

Reading Skill: Inference

An inference is a logical assumption that you make based on details in a text. In addition to what the author tells you, you can also use your own prior knowledge and experience to make inferences. As you read, watch movies and plays, and observe the world every day, you gather knowledge and experiences.

When you read something new, look for ways in which the characters and situations resemble ones you have seen before.

Then, apply that knowledge and experience to make inferences.

Use the following chart to record information about the characters listed. Then.

make three inferences about each character based on the details from the story. Some examples

are shown.

|Details About Ufrich |Inferences I Can Make About Ulrich |

|He notices that the roebuck are running in |He is keenly observant in an unusual way. |

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|Details About Georg |Inferences I Can Make About Georg |

|He says he cannot drink wine with an enemy |He is stubborn and proud. |

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1. Respond: With whom did you sympathize: Ulrich, Georg, neither, or both? Explain your response.

2. Whose family won possession of the disputed land in the lawsuit? Interpret Why does Georg not consider himself a poacher?

3. In what condition does the fallen tree leave each man? Draw Conclusions: Why do the men

finally decide to end their feud?

4. Evaluate: Considering the cause of their predicament, do you think the two men deserved their

fate? Why or why not?

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Literary Analysis: Irony

Irony is a contradiction between appearance and reality—it is the difference between what is expected and what actually happens.

In situational irony, something happens in the story that contradicts the expectations of a character or the reader. For example, a runner who trains hard would be expected to do well in a race. It would be ironic if she trained so hard that she overslept and missed the race.

A surprise ending often presents a situational irony. The turn of events may be startling, but the author usually has built clues into the story that make the ending logical, just the same.

Ironies and surprise endings usually help convey the story’s theme, or message. As you read, watch for surprises and think about what each one may mean.

A. For each of the following excerpts from The Interlopers,” write on the line

provided if the excerpt is ironic. Write N if the excerpt is riot ironic. In the areas following each

item, briefly explain why the excerpt is or is riot ironic.

1. If only on this wild night, in this dark, lone spot, he might come across Georg Znaeym,

man to man, with one to witness—that was the wish that was uppermost in his

thoughts. And as he stepped round the trunk of a huge beech he came face to face with

the mam he sought. _____________________

2. Both had now given up the useless struggle to free themselves from the mass of wood

that held them down. _________________________

3. And each prayed a private prayer that his men might be the first to arrive, so that he

might be the first to show honorable attention to the enemy that had become a friend. _______________________

4. The two raised their voices in a prolonged hunting call. ____________________

[pic]5. Is conflict necessary?

(a) How long has the controversy between Ulrich and Georg been going on?

(b) Why does it take special courage for Ulrich and Georg to consider the conflict no longer necessary?

“The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” by James Thurber

Read the article titled “Why Does Daydreaming Get Such a Bad Rap?” Then, answer the following questions.

1. What is the connotation of being called a flake, a space cadet, or a slacker?

2. What type of irony is the article referring to when it states, “But daydreaming can be beneficial in many ways and, ironically, can actually boost productivity”?

3. List 5 positive benefits of daydreaming as stated in the article.

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4. What does the word monotonous mean?

“People with monotonous jobs, like factory workers and security guards, often use daydreaming to keep their minds stimulated and to get them through the day.”

5. List two negative side effects of daydreaming according to the article.

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Vocabulary Building Word List

derisive distraught inscrutable insinuatingly insolent pandemonium

A. Each item consists of a related pair if words in CAPITAL LE’ITERS followed by

four pairs of words. Circle the letter of the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to the

one expressed by the pair of words in capital letters.

1. INSOLENT: RESPECTFUL::

A. ancient: old C. curious: eager

B. backward : forward D. incredible: unbelievable

2. INSCRUTABLE: PUZZLING::

A. tardy: early C. circular: round

B. precise: careless D. energetic : exhausted

3. DISTRAUGHT: CAREFREE::

A. dangerous : treacherous C. mammoth : enormous

B. alien: stranger D. casual : formal

4. INSINUATINGLY: DIRECTLY::

A. surprisingly: predictably C. enormously: hopefully

B. quickly: rapidly D. judiciously : cautiously

5. DERISIVE: RESPECTFUL::

A. thoughtful : philosophical C. courageous: cowardly

B. anxious: nervous D. practical: obvious

6. PANDEMONIUM : NOISE::

A. silence : confusion C. boredom: freedom

B. affection : resentment D. appreciation : gratitude

Identify irony in the story by using the chart below. In the first box note the outcome

that Ulrich and Georg expect when they first confront each other in the forest. In the

second box, describe what actually happens. (b)What message about life does this

situational irony convey?

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1. Respond: Do you feel sorry for Walter Mitty? Why or why not?

2. Compare and Contrast: Explain how Mitty’s behavior in this daydream differs from his behavior in real life.

3. In the real world,” what tasks are Mitty and his wife carrying out?

Infer: What deeds is Mitty attempting to accomplish in his fantasy life? (c) Compare and Contrast: How do the tasks of his daily life compare to those of his fantasy life?

4. Infer: Which aspects of Mitty’s personality trigger his final daydream?

Draw Conclusions: In what ways is this daydream a comment on his fate in real life?

5. Evaluate: Do Mitty’s daydreams help him in any way or do they hurt him? Identify three details from the story that support your evaluation.

The events in James Thurber's story “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” follow a pattern. Something triggers Mitty's daydream and becomes part of it. The daydream proceeds until something interrupts it. In the balloons below, write the five roles that Walter Mitty plays in his fantasies. In the weights below each balloon, describe the situation that occurs immediately after each fantasy—the event that pulls Walter back to earth.

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Can truth change?

How does Walter Mitty rely on daydreams to change the truth of his everyday life?

“The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst

“The Golden Kite, the Silver Wind” by Ray Bradbury

Vocabulary Builder Word List

imminent infallibility precariously ravenous spurn vile

A. DIRECTIONS: Revise each sentence so that the underlined vocabulary word is used logically. Be sure not to change the vocabulary word.

1. A thunderstorm appears to be imminent, so we have decided to stay in the pool.

2. Josh made so many errors on the math test that we marveled at his infallibility.

3. A baby spider monkey is dangling precariously from the top of that tall tree, so we are not

4. The crime was so vile that the judge gave the convicted defendant a suspended sentence.

5. That tiger ate so little meat! It must have been ravenous.

6. To spurn a fellow guest at a party is a good way to make a new friend.

Literary Analysis: Symbol and Allegory

Works of literature can have two levels of meaning. The basic level is literal—the text means exactly what it says. In some works, however, the text suggests a more abstract meaning.

A symbol is a person or thing that represents both itself and a larger idea. For example, a dove can be a symbol of peace, and a voyage can represent the journey of life. Symbolism is the use symbols to convey an idea.

Point of View:

What point of view is this story narrated in? _______________________________

How old is the narrator when he tells this story (in general) _____________________

Tone: The tone is the emotional aspect of the literature. The author creates a specific feeling

right in the first paragraph. After we read this paragraph in class, complete this activity.

What is the feeling you get from the first paragraph? ______________________________

Give five examples (phrases taken directly from the first paragraph) that reinforce the

tone. Put quotation marks around each phrase to show that you have taken them from the

text.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

As you read “The Scarlet Ibis.” use the camera below to “take word pictures” of the narrator’s feelings about his brother Doodle. In each empty snapshot below, write words, phrases, or dialogue that tells what the narrator thinks about his little brother. An example has been done for you.

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Literary Analysis: Imagery

Images are pictures that the author creates to define setting, to reveal character, to

reinforce theme, to reinforce tone, or for many other reasons. Images can be visual

(sight,), auditory (hearing), olfactory (smell, gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), and even

kinesthetic ‘movement).

Death imagery: Find as many examples of death images in the story as you can. Give the

page number following the example. Also, use quotation marks to show that you have

taken the example from the story.

|Example |Page Number |

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Literary Analysis: Symbolism

A symbol is a thing or idea that stands for something else. Authors use symbols to

enhance the theme or to give readers a greater understanding of a key idea in the story.

The main symbol is the scarlet ibis itself. The author implies that the bird is like Doodle,

and at the end of the story, the narrator tells us himself that his brother looks just like the

sad, lifeless bird.

To get us ready for this symbol, the author ‘paints” his story red. Skim through the story

and find as many things, images, ideas that are red and record them here. Follow the

example given for you. Use quotation marks to show you have taken this information

directly from the text.

|Example |Page Number |

|Bleeding tree | |

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Literary Analysis: Theme

A theme is an idea or a truth that the author reveals to the reader in a story. This idea or

truth get us to understand ourselves as human beings who are connected to all other

human being in the world, across all spaces, cultures and across all time. The theme is the

important thing for us to learn about others, but especially about ourselves. Themes are

often related to life, death, love, friendship, family, courage, etc. Stories may not always

present people in their best light, but by reading their stories, we can understand a better

way for all people to live and behave towards each other.

To come up with a theme sentence for this story, think about the important idea or truth

we can learn from the narrator’s struggle to get a brother he could be proud of and the

price he paid for that struggle.

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Write a theme from the story in the below.

A static character stays the same .A dynamic character is one who changes throughout of the story. He is one who learns something important that changes him makes him more mature or

gives him insight into himself or others. Is the narrator a static or dynamic

character? ________________________________________________

“The Golden Kite, the Silver Wind” by Ray Bradbury

1. What event at the beginning of the story upsets and angers the Mandarin?

2. Why do the two cities continually rebuild their walls?

3. How is the rivalry between the two cities brought to an end?

4. Why does the Mandarin’s daughter advise him from behind the screen?

5. What can you infer, or conclude, about the townspeople based on how they respond to the Mandarin’s plans?

6. Why did people have to get sick and even die before the Mandarins sought to bring an end to their rivalry?

7. Should the townspeople have continued to follow the Mandarin’s advice – even though doing so was resulting in disease and death? Why or why not?

8. What were the first hints that the rivalry between the two towns was going to have a disastrous outcome? ~ Support your answer

9. At what point in the story were you able to predict the outcome? ~ Explain

10. Define the word FABLE.

11. (a)What poor choices are made by the Mandarin’s daughter and the Mandarin in the story? What are the ultimate consequences of those choices?

12. Define the word MORAL (the moral of the story is…). In your own words, express the moral of the story.

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Murder

Hunting

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Who?

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What Actually Happens

What Characters Expect

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