Grade 12 Resource Book

G.C.E. (Advanced Level)

Biology

Grade 12 Resource Book

Department of Science Faculty of Science and Technology

National Institute of Education nie. lk

Resource Book - Gr.12

G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology

G.C.E. (Advanced Level)

Biology

Grade 12 Resource Book

Department of Science Faculty of Science and Technology

National Institute of Education nie. lk

G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology

Biology Resource Book

Resource Book -Gr.12

Resource Book - Gr.12

Message from the Director General

G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology

Dr. (Mrs.) T. A. R. J. Gunasekara

G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology

Resource Book -Gr.12

Message from the Director

From 2017, a rationalized curriculum is in effect for the G.C.E (A/L) in the education system in Sri Lanka. It means updating the curriculum that was in implementation.

In this effort, revisions were made in the content, form and curricular materials of the G.C.E (A/L) subjects Physics, Chemistry and Biology and in concurrence to that, certain changes in the learning teaching methodology, evaluation and assessment were expected. The volume of the subject matter in the curriculum was largely reduced and several alterations in the learning teaching sequence were also made. A new teachers' hand book was introduced in place of the old curricular material, the teachers' instruction manual.

The teachers' instruction manual contained a line-up of subject matter expected to be learnt but the newly introduced teacher's hand book doesn't accommodate any subject matter. Yet, it provides a guideline for teachers to mould the learning events and for evaluation. Though the teacher's hand book implicitly enunciates the limits of the subject by way of the learning outcomes, the teachers' hand book only is not sufficient to identify holistically the confines of the facts. Thus emerged the need of a resource book which simply describes the subject content. This book comes to you as a result of an attempt to fulfill that requirement.

When implementing the previous curricula, the use of internationally recognized standard textbooks published in English has been an imperative for Advanced Level Science subjects. But, the contradictions of facts related to subject matter and inclusion of material beyond the limits of the local curriculum in them, usage of those books was not an easy task for teachers and students.

This book, offers students an opportunity to study the relevant subject content in the mother tongue within the limits of the local curriculum. It also provides both students and teachers a source of reliable information expected by the curriculum dispensing with seedling information from various print media and extra classes.

This book authored by specialist subject teachers and university lectures is presented to you after the approval of the Academic Affairs Board and the Council of the NIE. Thus it can be recommended as a material of high standard.

Mr. R. S. J. P. Uduporuwa Director Department of Science

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