Bio Guided Notes: Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
Anatomy Guided Notes: Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
Matter:_______________ that occupies ____________________________________________
Energy: __________________________________
Four types: 1. ________________ 2. _________________ 3. _________________ 4. ___________
Composition of Matter: _________________- fundamental unites of matter
-96% of the atoms in the human body are either:_________________________________________
Atom: ____________________________________________
- Basic unit of matter
-Nucleus contains _________________ (charge ____) and ___________________ (charge _____)
-Outside of the nucleus are _____________________ (charge ______)
Atomic Number: equals the # of ________________________________
Atomic Mass:__________________________________________
Isotope: have the same # of ________________________, but vary in the # of ______________________
Why does the atomic weight have a decimal? _______________________________________________
Radioisotope tends to be _____________________
Radioactivity: _____________________________________________________________________
Molecule: 2 or more _________________________________________________________
Compound: 2 or more _________________________________________________________
Atoms are united to each other by ______________________________
Electrons and bonding
___________ occupy energy levels called ______________________
___________________________________________ are most strongly attracted.
Outer electron shell is called: _________________________
What makes electrons inert or stable? _______________________________________
-1st level: ____________________
-2nd level: ____________________ (2 + 8= )
-3rd level: _________________________ (2+ 8+ 8= )
Reactive elements are _____________________________________________
They tend to (3 things)________________________________________________
Ionic Bonds: form when electrons are ________________________________________________________
-Ions are _____________________
-Anion _________________
-Cation ________________
- Electrons are ______________________________
Covalent Bonds: stability formed when ____________________________________
Nonpolar: ____________________ (_____________ like water!!)
Polar: _______________________ (____________ water!!)
Hydrogen Bonds: ________________ chemical bonds
Hydrogen is attracted to ______________________________________________
1. ______________________: A+B( AB 2. _________________________: AB(A+ B 3._______________________: AB+C( AC +B involves both ______________ and ____________________
Characteristics of:
Organic compounds:
Inorganic compounds:
Inorganic Compounds
What are the 4 vital properties of water?
1. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________
2. ______________________________ 4. ______________________________
-Cohesion: ________________________________________________________
-Adhesion: __________________________________________________________________
Salts: dissociates into ___________ and includes electrolytes which _______________________________
Acids release ________________ when dissolved in water. Bases are ___________________ (-OH).
When you mix an acid and a base, you get ________________ and a _________________.
___________________ pH is Neutral
___________________ pH is acidic
___________________ pH is basic
Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates contain _____________________________________________ in a ______________ ratio
-3 Categories of carbohydrates:
1. __________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
-Living things use carbohydrates for ____________________________________________
The process that connects 2 monosaccharides is called ______________________________________
-Disaccharide example: _________________
-Polysaccharide example: __________________________________
1. Starch: used as food storage ________________________________________________.
Contains highly branched chains of glucose subunits.
2. Glycogen: Food storage molecule _________________________________.
Similar to starch, but more highly branched.
3. Cellulose: Forms ______________________________________, used for support.
Glucose subunits hooked together like a chain-linked fence.
Lipids: contain the elements ________________________________________ but very low #s of ________
-______________________________ in water because they are _________________________
List 3 types of lipids in the body:
1. - stored energy, composed of ___________________________
2. - form cell membranes
3. - comprise cholesterol, bile, hormones
Cholesterol is the basis for all ____________________________
-Saturated Fats: No ______________________________________ (all single bonds) between the carbons of the fatty acid chain.
-Saturated with _________________________
Ex. Steak fat, butter fat, usually solid.
-Unsaturated Fats: Contain ____________________________between the carbons of the fatty acid chain.
-Doesn’t have as many hydrogen b/c of double bonds = _________________________________!
-Ex. Vegetable oil, peanut fat, usually liquid.
Proteins: made of __________________________________
Contain the elements: _______________________________________________________________
Account for most of the body’s organic matter
-Provides materials for __________________________________________
-Acts as ______________________________________________________
Enzymes are biological_____________________. They __________________rate of chemical reactions.
-How Enzymes Work: Enzymes and substrates behave as a “_____________________________”
Lock = ___________________________________
Key = ____________________________________
-To Make an Enzyme Not Work
-An enzyme’s ___________________ can be changed (called denatured)
-Causes change in an enzyme: ___________________ or ____________________
Nucleic Acid: provides the ___________________________________
-Stores cellular info. in the form of a code
Contains the elements: __________________________________________________________
-Made up of smaller subunits called ___________________________________
What are the 4 nucleic bases for DNA and which pair up?
1. 3.
2. 4.
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (_________)
-Provides ______________________ for every ___________________ in the body.
-Exists as a _______________________
- RiboNucleic Acid (____________).
-Not a double helix.
-Contains the base _________________
Adenosine Triphosphate: aka ________________ is the chemical ____________________________
-Energy is released by _____________________________________________________
- How does it get replenished? ____________________________________________________
________________________
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