AP American - Gilded Age Presidents
AP American - Gilded Age Presidents
Directions: List SFI from each presidential time period.
Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881R
• “his fraudulency”
• Wife: Lemonade Lucy
• Comp of 1877
• End of Military Reconstruction
• Republican split – Halfbreeds (James Blaine)/Stalwarts (Roscoe Conkling)
• 1877 Great Railroad Strike
• 1877 Sandlot Incident – attack on Chinese
• 1877 Munn v Illinois
• 1878 Pago Pago Treaty
• 1878 Bland Allison Silver Purchase Act (Hayes veto Over)
• 1879 Terrence Powderly takes over Knights of Labor
• 1879 – Henry George Progress and Poverty – Single Tax
• 1879 – Salvation Army
• 1879 – 1st incandescent lightbulb
• 1877 – phonograph - Edison
James A.Garfield 1881 R
• Halfbreed
• Wanted to unite Republicans, but was pro civil service reform
• Hounded by office seekers
• Began discussions regarding Latin American/US policies
• 1881 assassinated by Charles Guiteau – disappointed office seeker
• Quote – “I am a stalwart, and Arthur is now President”
Chester A.Arthur 1881-1885 R
• Stalwart – close ally of Roscoe Conkling
• Approved construction of the modern navy
• Reversed Garfield’s foreign policy initiatives in Latin America
• 1881 – Tuskegee Institute – BT Washington
• 1881 – A Century of Dishonor – Helen Hunt Jackson
• 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act
• 1882 – Standard Oil formed - Rockefeller
• 1883 Civil Rights Cases
• 1883 – Pendleton Act
• 1883-84 – Fence Cutter’s War
• 1884 - Huck Finn
Grover Cleveland 1885-1889 D
• Divisions in Rep. Party led to Demo Victory
• Honest, sincere, hardworking
• Vetoed 2/3 of bills presented
• Wanted to curtail federal activity
• Continued naval construction
• Committed to lowering the tariff (caused a loss of support)
• 1885 "Our Country" Josiah Strong
• 1886 Haymarket riot
• 1886 AFL - Samuel Gompers
• 1886- Wabash vs Illinois
• 1886 Statue of Liberty - NY harbor
• 1887 Dawes Severalty Act
• 1887 APA - American Protective Association - most successful Nativist group
• 1887 Interstate Commerce Act
• 1887 Edward Bellamy "Looking Backward"
• 1887- US- exclusive use of Pearl Harbor
• 1887 end of open range ranching
• 1888 GE founded (originally Edison Electric Co)
• 1888 Kodak camera
• Lost 88 election to B. Harrison - no support from American industrialists
Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893R
1889
• Growing tensions over Samoa w/ GB US and Germany are eased
• Hull House - Jane Adams
• Gospel of Wealth- Carnegie
1890
• Wounded Knee Massacre
• Sherman Silver Purchase Act
• Repubs controlled both houses- Billion Dollar Congress
• Reed rule imposed on House ( disappearing quorum)
• "The Influence of Sea Power on History" - Alfred Thayer Mahan
• McKinley tariff ( highest ever w/ reciprocity)
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Ocala Demands
• Jacob Riis " How the Other Half Lives "
1892
• Omaha demands- Populist party platform
• Homestead strike (steel)
• Dependent pensions act
• Rep lose Midwest support - strict state laws offend Catholics, Lutherans, and Germans
• 1st long distance phone call
1893
• Queen Lili overthrown - Hawaii
Grover Cleveland 1893-1897 - D
• Democrats gain control of both houses of congress- due to excessive spending of billion dollar congress
1893
• Panic of 93
• Repeal of Sherman silver purchase act
• Cleveland withdraws treaty to annex Hawaii
• Lilian Wald- Henry St Settlement
• Stephen crane - " Maggie: A Girl of the Streets"
• Frederick Jackson Turner " Frontier Thesis"
• End of Knights of Labor
• IWW - Wobblies - Industrial Workers of the World- Big Bill Haywood
1894
• Wilson Gorman Tariff- modest reduction, high on sugar
• Republicans regain control in congress
• Coxey’s Army
• Pullman strike
• United mine workers strike
• "Coins Financial School" William Harvey
1895
• Atlanta compromise- BTW
• US v EC Knight- sugary refinery case
• In Re: Debbs
• Stephen crane "Red Badge of Courage"
• Venezuela incident- Ven. and British Guiana
• Proclamation of Neutrality re: Spain and Cuba
1896
• Plessy v Ferguson
• “Cross of Gold” speech- William Jennings Bryan
• Gen Weyler - "reconcentration" policy in Cuba - nicknamed the " butcher "
1897
• Cleveland vetoes banning illiterate immigrants
William McKinley 1897-1901 R – first pres to ride in auto
1897
• Dingley Tariff – highest yet
• Social Democratic Party – Eugene Debbs
1898
• Dewey invades Manila Bay (Philippines)
• Spanish American War
• Hawaii annexed
• Teller Amendment
• Anti-Imperialist League
• Socialist Party of America – Debbs
• Florence Kelley – Nat’l Consumer League (she becomes general secretary)
• Philippine American War - 1898-1902
1899
• Thorstein Veblen - “Theory of the Leisure Class”
• US and Germany divide Samoa
• John Hay – “Open Door” Policy with China
1900
• Landslide victory for McK and Teddy
• Gold Standard Act
• Taft Commission/Philippines
• Foraker Act (Puerto Rico)
• Platt Amendment – Guantanamo Bay and US intervention
• Boxer Rebellion
1901
• “Sister Carrie” – Theodore Dreiser
• McK assassinated by Leon Czolgosz
• Teddy Roosevelt becomes President
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