High School Quizbowl Packet Archive
NASAT 2017 - Round 02 - Tossups1. In 1973, a woman banged her shoe on the stage to stop the Boston Symphony Orchestra from playing a Steve Reich piece for four of these instruments. Aristide Cavaillé-Coll's (ah-ree-STEED KAH-vah-yay-CULL's) innovative versions of these instruments inspired composers like Louis Vierne (vee-AIRN), who suddenly died while playing one. Many of these instruments include a "vox humana," so named because it supposedly resembles the human voice. As a young man, J. S. Bach walked on foot to Lübeck to hear Dietrich Buxtehude (BOOKS-tuh-HOO-duh) play this instrument. It plays the maestoso theme of Camille Saint-Sa?ns's (kuh-MEE san-SAWNS's) final symphony. They include a pedalboard played with the musician's feet. For 10 points, name this keyboard instrument whose players pull stops to admit air to a set of pipes.ANSWER: pipe organs [accept Four Organs] <Magin>2. A character in this novel is beaten to demonstrate that "definitions belonged to the definers—not the defined." A woman in this novel seeks refuge from the world in a ring of boxwood bushes that she calls her "Emerald Closet." A group of thirty women arrive at this novel's central location to perform a supernatural rite, which prompts one of its main characters to attack a teacher with an ice pick. Its characters include Lady Jones, who despises her blond hair, and Baby Suggs, who dies in its opening pages. Its main characters travel from Sweet Home to 124 Bluestone Road in Cincinnati, where the presence of a dead child haunts Sethe (SETH-uh). For 10 points, name this novel about the psychological aftereffects of escaping from slavery, written by Toni Morrison.ANSWER: Beloved <Droge>3. Immediately after one of these figures noticed that a recently conquered land looked like mating dragonflies, a dragonfly saved him from an evil mosquito out to drain his blood. That occurred after one of these figures defeated the army of the "long-legged man" with the help of a golden kite. The "eight undocumented ones" are a group of these figures that have no myths about them, and may have been made up by writers like Prince Toneri to make their country's history look longer. The tenth, Sujin, was the first of them considered to have a historical basis. The first of these figures was guided by a three-legged crow in his conquests of Yamato and was named Jimmu. For 10 points, name these people, who claimed descent from Amaterasu to legitimize their rule.ANSWER: Emperors of Japan [or Tenno; or Sumeramikoto; or rulers of Japan; accept Nippon in place of "Japan"] <Golfinos>4. The founder of this organization claimed to have been a police department photographer, but actually worked as an organist, which is how he met associates like filmmaker Kenneth Anger. A longtime spokesperson for this organization changed her last name to "Schreck," renounced it, and founded the Sethian Liberation Movement; that woman, Zeena, was the daughter of its founder. Many critics have noted that this organization's "scripture" is heavily plagiarized from Ragnar Redbeard's text Might Is Right. This organization's fortieth birthday was marked by a rare public ritual on June 6, 2006. Its high priest has described its members as "skeptical atheists," who regard its namesake as a sign of individualism. For 10 points, name this religious organization founded by Anton LaVey, which does not actually worship its evil namesake.ANSWER: Church of Satan [or Satanic Church; prompt on Satanism] <Cheyne>5. This process is evidenced by "raised buttons" that appear during the bean stage of C. elegans. This process depends on egl-1 (E-G-L-one). SMAC, or DIABLO, promotes this process by binding to inhibitors of it, such as XIAPs (X-I-A-P's). It can be quantitated with the annexin A5 affinity assay and detected by TdT, which catalyzes transfer of labeled dUTPs (D-U-T-P's). This process is activated by BH3-only proteins like Bid. It is indicated by scramblase flipping out phospha·tidyl·serine (FOSS-fuh-TIDE-ull-SEE-reen) onto the cell surface. Certain Bcl-2?(B-C-L-two) family proteins promote this process by regulating release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Its intrinsic type is mediated by caspases in response to irreparable DNA damage. For 10 points, name this non-autophagic process of programmed cell death.ANSWER: apoptosis <Smart>6. A leader of this city fatally threw his wife Melissa down a flight of stairs, which angered his son, Lycophron. Horace noted that "not everyone is able to go to" this city, while Strabo commented how ship captains mused that the voyage to it "is not for every man." The Peace of Antalcidas ended a war that shares its name with this city. Lucius Mummius's destruction of it in 146 BC established Roman dominance of the region. Once ruled by Periander, this city infamously employed thousands of temple prostitutes. A group named for it was also known as the Hellenic League and was a federation of Greek states under Philip II. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek city-state on a namesake isthmus that, along with the Doric and Ionic, also names a style of classical architecture.ANSWER: Corinth [prompt on Corinthian] <Cheyne>7. Anthropologists like Georg Steindorff investigated traditional homosexual behavior in a town in one of these natural features. Ralph Bagnold and László Almásy (LASS-low ALL-mash-ee) led separate expeditions to discover a legendary one of these features called Zerzura. During World War I, the British drove out the Senussi from many towns on these features. Salt deposits near a temple in one of these features were the first to be called "ammonium." One of these features called Ein Gedi in Israel is home to a kibbutz and a popular spa. Notable examples of these features include Siwa and Ghadames (gah-DAM-ess). Many of these features in the Gourara region of Algeria support the cultivation of dates. For 10 points, name these isolated areas of water and fertile land in deserts.ANSWER: oases [or oasis; prompt on lakes; prompt on deserts] <Thompson>8. A poem addressed to this type of person notes that "A honey tongue, a heart of gall, Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall." Musidorus disguises himself as this type of person after falling in love with Pamela in Philip Sidney's Arcadia. Characters like Hobbinol and Colin Clout appear in a book of poetry partially named for this type of person, which features one poem for each month of the year. In another poem, this type of person pledges gifts of "Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold" and "A belt of straw and Ivy buds, With Coral clasps and Amber studs." Pastoral poetry traditionally depicts the lives of these people. For 10 points, name this type of person who asks "Come live with me and be my love" in a poem by Christopher Marlowe.ANSWER: shepherd [or The Shepheardes Calender; or "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love"; or "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"] <Droge>9. David Rickert claimed that this specific location was the site of the "best thing" Jess Stacy ever did. After the success of the film Hollywood Hotel, a man agreed to publicist Wynn Nathanson's proposal that he should go to this place. During an event here, the only announcement to the audience was that Martha Tilton would return. A top-selling 1950 release, sometimes claimed to be the first double album, featured music from this location, including Count Basie and Duke Ellington performing "Honeysuckle Rose." At a concert in this place, the crowd started off tepidly, but eventually responded wildly to such songs as the closing performance of "Sing, Sing, Sing." For 10 points, name this site of a 1938 Benny Goodman concert that introduced jazz to a supposedly highbrow musical venue in New York City.ANSWER: Carnegie Hall [prompt on New York City until read] <Cheyne>10. A king with this royal name had a courtier who allegedly wrote the "Letter of Aristeas," which documented a translation of the Bible. It's not Herod, but another man with this royal name launched an invasion to avenge the death of his sister, Berenice. The fourth man with this name was also known as "Philopator" (fee-lo-PAH-tore). A man with this name was told that "there is no royal road to geometry" by a thinker he sponsored, Euclid; that man, also known as "Soter," fought in the Wars of the Diadochi (dye-AD-oh-kee). The father and two brothers of Cleopatra had this name. This is the name of a royal dynasty formed by one of Alexander the Great's generals. For 10 points, what name was held by at least twelve rulers of Egypt as part of a namesake dynasty during the Hellenistic period?ANSWER: Ptolemy [or Ptolemaic; accept anything with Ptolemy in it] <Cheyne>11. A man named Hiel (hee-ELL) performs construction in this city at the cost of two of his sons' lives, fulfilling an ancient curse. In this city, Jesus proclaims "today salvation has come to this house" while he is the guest of a small man who had to climb a tree to see him; that host of Jesus was the tax collector Zacchaeus. The parable of the Good Samaritan takes place on the road from Jerusalem to this city. A woman here ties a scarlet cord in her window as a sign to invaders. One of the few survivors of the attack on this city was a prostitute named Rahab, who sheltered enemy spies. Joshua ordered his people to march around this city for six full days. For 10 points, name this city that the Israelites conquered after they blew trumpets, causing its walls to fall down.ANSWER: Jericho <Cheyne>12. In an early step in the fabrication of these devices, a preform is created by chemical vapor deposition of silicon tetrachloride and germanium tetrachloride. When doped with erbium, these devices can be used to amplify signals by transitions from the J-equals-15-over-2 state to the J-equals-13-over-2 state. Types of these devices with a step-index profile become single-mode at a V-number of less than 2.405. These devices can be described by their numerical aperture, which relates the indices of refraction of the cladding and the core. For 10 points, name these optical waveguides, usually made of glass, in which total internal reflection allows light to propagate over long distances.ANSWER: optical fibers [accept fiber optics; prompt on waveguides until read; prompt on fibers until "optical" is read, but accept it thereafter] <Rombro>13. The first chapter of this novel claims "It is hard to laugh at the need for beauty and romance" because "few things are sadder than the truly monstrous." This novel's final chapter describes a restless crowd of people who move to the "land of sunshine and oranges," only to "burn with resentment" because they have "slaved and saved for nothing." It ends with its main character imitating the sound of a siren after being caught in a riot outside Kahn's Persian Palace Theatre. At a party in this novel, Miguel is discovered in bed with Faye Greener, which goads Homer Simpson into violence. This novel follows an artist who aspires to paint "The Burning of Los Angeles," Tod Hackett. For 10 points, name this Nathanael West novel set in Hollywood.ANSWER: The Day of the Locust <Mehr>14. Poset functions with the Scott form of this property preserve directed suprema (soo-PREE-mah). A function has this property if its oscillation at each point is zero. In topology, a function has this property if its inverse takes open sets to open sets. The uniform limit theorem concerns a sequence of functions with this property and is proven using an epsilon-over-three argument. The topologist's sine curve lacks this property when x is zero, and the Weierstrass (VYE-er-shtross) function has this property everywhere despite being nowhere differentiable. A function f has this property at?a if the limit, as x approaches?a, of f-of-x, equals f-of-a. For 10 points, identify this property of functions that lack jumps, holes, and vertical asymptotes.ANSWER: continuity [or continuous] <Thompson>15. In territory created as a result of this war, a fake "lumber mill" was built to carry out Project Maruta. As a result of this war, the "Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department" was created in Harbin. During this war, as revenge for the Hundred Regiments Offensive, a side adopted "kill all, burn all, and loot all" as the "Three Alls Policy." The German businessman John Rabe set up a "safety zone" during this conflict that saved many civilians. Most victims of human experimentation in Unit 731 were acquired as a result of this war. A notorious incident during this war featured two officers seeing who could kill 100 people first by only using a sword. The pretext for this war was the 1931 Mukden Incident. For 10 points, the Rape of Nanking occurred in what war between two Asian powers?ANSWER: Second Sino-Japanese War [accept war, invasion, or conflict between Japan and China; prompt on World War II] <Cheyne>16. In a novel by an author with this last name, a schoolteacher resigns his position to marry the strip dancer Rosa after he had adopted the nickname "garbage" to express his antipathy towards the world. Two siblings with this surname wrote the nonfiction accounts Escape to Life and School for Barbarians. Erika, a writer with this surname, married W. H. Auden to flee from Europe to England. This is the surname of Heinrich, whose book Professor Unrat was adapted into the movie The Blue Angel. An author with this surname wrote a novel in which Tony agrees to her father's wishes by marrying the bankrupt Grünlich in a series of financial disasters for the title family of Lübeck merchants. For 10 points, identify this surname of Thomas, the author of Buddenbrooks.ANSWER: Mann [or Thomas Mann; or Heinrich Mann; or Erika Mann; or Klaus Mann] <Droge>17. A book set in this modern-day country discusses the "playful riot" that emerged when people tried to carry a cremation tower past an obstructive mob. That book, which analyzes a society in this country, makes the argument that "power served pomp, not pomp power." This modern-day country was the setting of a 1980 book about its 19th-century "theatre state," Negara. Along with Morocco, it was studied in the 1968 book Islam Observed. In an essay set in this country, the author is accepted by villagers after being swept up in a police raid on an illegal betting game. That essay is found in the book The Interpretation of Cultures. For 10 points, what country was the primary setting of Clifford Geertz's essay "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight"?ANSWER: Republic of Indonesia [prompt on Bali until "Balinese" is read] <Cheyne>18. One of these people menacingly grabs the hair of Jane McCrea in a popular painting by John Vanderlyn. From 1837 to 1845, George Catlin toured Europe with his gallery of portraits of these people. J. P. Morgan funded a book of photographs of these people by Edward S. Curtis. One of these people nurses a child strapped to a wooden board on the right of a canvas depicting a treaty. A heavily-tattooed one of these people holds his fist to his chin, watching Hervey Smythe tend to the title dying officer in a groundbreaking contemporary history painting. One of these people appears at the left of Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe. For 10 points, name these people, one of whom West painted attacking a French officer using a tomahawk.ANSWER: Native Americans [or Indians; prompt on soldier or warrior] <Bentley>19. Haloketones of this type can react upon the addition of an aqueous base to form a cyclopropanone intermediate that subsequently rearranges to form a carboxylic acid. Diketones of this type can be formed by the "umpolung" coupling of carbonyl compounds in the presence of cyanide. The cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate catalyzes a decarboxylation of this type that forms succinyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle. An effect with this name is used to explain the high nucleophilicity of hydrazine-derivatives. All proteinogenic amino acids have adjacent amino and carboxyl groups, an orientation described by this letter. For 10 points, name this Greek letter used to refer to the decay route of uranium-238, which involves the emission of a helium nucleus.ANSWER: alpha <Pendyala>20. After this man was denied one position, his opponent exclaimed "He will never kick, sir, never kick." He began carrying pistols after Senator George Poindexter threatened him. This politician was rejected as minister to Great Britain because of the opposition of John C. Calhoun. Allen Walker Read claimed that the abbreviation "O.K." originally referred to this man's hometown. He was the target of Charles Ogle's "Gold Spoon Oration," and resigned as Secretary of State amid the Petticoat Affair. This president was a former leader of New York's Albany Regency and was turned out of office by the "log cabin and hard cider" candidate, William Henry Harrison. For 10 points, name this man who was the Vice-President and successor to Andrew Jackson.ANSWER: Martin Van Buren <Cheyne>21. After seeing a poster of Stanley Baldwin with the words "Safety First" underneath, this character proclaims that goodness, truth, and beauty are more important than safety. At the end of the novel named for this character, Sister Helena repeats that this character was the most important influence on her book The Transfiguration of the Commonplace. Despite this character's best efforts to set up Rose Stanley with Teddy Lloyd, Teddy falls in love with Sandy Stranger. She encourages Joyce Emily to fight for Franco in the Spanish Civil War, and earns the devotion of her "set" of six girls at the Marcia Blaine School for Girls. For 10 points, name this manipulative teacher whose "prime" titles a novel by Muriel Spark.ANSWER: Miss Jean Brodie [or Miss Jean Brodie; or The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie] <Belal>NASAT 2017 - Round 02 - Bonuses1. These figures were regarded as pious, although they were often homeless and disruptive. For 10 points each:[10] Name these ascetic figures of Eastern Orthodoxy. Their patron saint is Simeon, and St. Basil's Cathedral is named after a prominent one.ANSWER: holy fools [or fools for Christ; or salos; or yurodivy; prompt on fools][10] St. Basil's Cathedral is located in this city, where Patriarch Kirill leads as primate of the Russian Orthodox Church.ANSWER: Moscow [or Moskva][10] This group of conservatives left the Russian Orthodox Church in 1666 after objecting to reforms made by the Patriarch Nikon. The Lykov (LICK-uff) family, who isolated themselves in Siberia, were from this group.ANSWER: Old Believers [or Old Ritualists] <Fulgenzi>2. Jake Shimabukuro (shee-mah-BOO-koo-roh) plays this instrument, which uses the following re-entrant tuning: G,?low?C,?E,?A. For 10 points each:[10] Name this small instrument with four strings. It is based on the cavaquinho (kuh-vuh-KEEN-yoo) or the machete (muh-SHET-chee) that Portuguese immigrants brought to Hawai'i.ANSWER: ukulele[10] This simpler guitar tuning style, so named because both E string pegs were often lowered to D, became popular in the Hawai'ian Renaissance. In this style's taro patch tuning, the open strings form a major chord, while in its wahine (wa-HEE-nay) tuning, they form a major seventh chord.ANSWER: slack key [accept slack-key guitar; accept kī hō?alu; prompt on open tuning][10] Many Hawai'ian songs use this high vocal register, which alternates with chest voice in yodeling. Tiny Tim used it in "Tiptoe Through The Tulips," and a solo tenor uses it in Carmina Burana to depict a roasting swan.ANSWER: falsetto [accept ka leo ki?eki?e] <Lifshitz>3. This novel is occasionally interrupted by such tales as "The Tale of the Wife's Tub" and "The Tale of the Fuller's Wife." For 10 points each:[10] Name this novel whose protagonist, Lucius, ends up in numerous comedic situations after accidentally transforming himself into the title beast.ANSWER: The Golden Ass [or Asinus aureus; or The Metamorphoses][10] Apuleius's The Golden Ass is the only ancient Roman novel written in this language that survives in its entirety.ANSWER: Latin[10] At the end of the novel, Lucius, after being restored to human form, gratefully becomes a member of the cult of this divine being, who uses the local name "Campensis."ANSWER: Isis <Cheyne>4. This molecule undergoes an adrenodoxin (uh-DREN-oh-DOX-in)-mediated hydroxylation by P450scc after being transported to the IMM by StAR. For 10 points each:[10] Name this molecule whose side chain cleavage yields pregnenolone (preg-NEN-alone).ANSWER: cholesterol[10] Cholesterol is transported in the blood as part of these complexes that consist of phospholipids and proteins like Apo E and B. Chylomicrons (ky-lo-MY-crons) are an ultra-low-density form of these particles.ANSWER: lipoproteins [or apolipoproteins; prompt on LDL, HDL, IDL, or VLDL; prompt on lipids][10] Chylomicrons carry fats from the lacteals (LACK-tee-ulls) of this system to the blood. White blood cells are concentrated in this system's nodes.ANSWER: lymphatic system <Smart>5. Answer the following about recent scholarship concerning prodigies, for 10 points each.[10] Thorsten Fehr's experiment with a mathematical calculation prodigy found that his ability was not related to innate structural differences in the brain, but to this faculty in which the brain undergoes changes throughout one's life due to increased synaptic connections.ANSWER: neuroplasticity [or neuronal plasticity; or brain plasticity][10] Fehr and others have conducted research on prodigies using this procedural technique. It measures brain activity by detecting blood flow in different regions.ANSWER: functional magnetic resonance imaging [or fMRI; or functional MRI; prompt on MRI or magnetic resonance imaging][10] Prodigies are distinct from these types of people, whose extreme activities come at a developmental cost. A notable example of these people is Kim Peek, who was fictionalized in Rain Man.ANSWER: savants [or autistic savants; or savant syndrome] <Mehr>6. While dying, this character tells Captain Robert Walton to avoid ambition. For 10 points each:[10] Name this character who tells his story to Walton while dying at the North Pole. He had journeyed there in an obsessive quest to hunt down the fiend who murdered his bride-to-be, Elizabeth.ANSWER: Victor Frankenstein [or Victor; or Dr. Frankenstein][10] This author, who used the war between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines as the backdrop of her novel Valperga, wrote Frankenstein.ANSWER: Mary Shelley [or Mary Godwin][10] Shelley conceived of Frankenstein after Lord Byron challenged his guests to write ghost stories. This other guest responded to that challenge by writing "The Vampyre," the first published modern vampire story.ANSWER: John William Polidori <Droge>7. This cause was heavily supported by P.?T. Barnum, who staged performances of a play promoting it at his American Museum. For 10 points each:[10] Name this social cause. Later in the century, it was promoted by the WCTU.ANSWER: temperance [or prohibition; accept synonyms such as being anti-alcohol][10] Barnum is better known as a showman and for being erroneously credited with saying that there is one of these types of people "born every minute."ANSWER: a sucker[10] This creature displayed by Barnum was supposedly a beast with the head of a monkey and the tail of a fish. Attractions purporting to be this thing were popular at carnivals.ANSWER: Feejee mermaid [or Fiji mermaid] <Cheyne>8. For each of these prime numbers, there is a corresponding "safe prime." For 10 points each:[10] Identify this type of prime number p such that two-p-plus-one is also prime. They were introduced by their namesake French mathematician in her attempts to prove Fermat's last theorem for certain exponents.ANSWER: Sophie Germain primes[10] Germain primes share a conjectured density with these pairs of primes that differ by exactly 2, like 5 and 7. A famous open conjecture states that there are infinitely many of this type of prime, which was supported by a 2013 paper by Yitang Zhang (EE-tong JONG).ANSWER: twin primes[10] In response to Zhang's work, Terence Tao launched the 8th edition in this series of openly collaborative mathematical research projects, which proved that infinitely many pairs of primes differed by at most 4,680.ANSWER: Polymath projects <Thompson>9. This man paid members of Parliament to ask questions on his behalf in the "cash-for-questions affair." For 10 points each:[10] Name this former owner of Harrods Department Store who embarrassed the John Major ministry in the aforementioned scandal. His eldest son died in a Paris car accident in 1997, which this man has occasionally blamed on the royal family.ANSWER: Mohamed Al-Fayed [do not accept "Dodi Al-Fayed"][10] Both John Major and his predecessor, Margaret Thatcher, were members of this political party.ANSWER: Conservative Party [or Conservative and Unionist Party][10] In another scandal during the Major ministry, Jonathan Aitken sued this newspaper over corruption allegations, but he was himself imprisoned for perjury. More recently, Edward Snowden leaked the existence of the PRISM surveillance program to this paper.ANSWER: The Guardian <Cheyne>10. Druze consume this good in Syria and Lebanon, making those countries are among the largest importers of it. For 10 points each:[10] Name this crop whose leaves are dipped in boiling water to make a popular South American tea-like drink.ANSWER: yerba mate (ZHAIR-bah MAH-tay) [10] Paraguayan leader José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia raided the yerba mate plantation of Aimé Bonpland, this explorer's partner. This explorer came within a thousand feet of scaling Ecuador's Chimborazo in 1802.ANSWER: Alexander von Humboldt [or Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt][10] This country's northeastern province of Misiones, which includes Iguazu Falls on its border with Brazil, is home to many yerba mate plantations. This country's plains are inhabited by ranchers called gauchos.ANSWER: Argentina [or Argentine Republic; or República Argentina] <Shimizu>11. For laminar flow, this equation's namesake friction factor is 64 divided by the Reynolds number. For 10 points each:[10] Name this equation that gives the pressure loss due to friction in a given length of pipe. For turbulent flow, the friction factor can be determined using the Colebrook–White equation.ANSWER: Darcy–Weisbach equation [prompt on partial answer; do not accept or prompt on "Darcy's law"][10] The Darcy–Weisbach equation is applicable for flows that are fully developed, steady, and also have this property. For a flow of this type, the divergence of the fluid velocity is zero.ANSWER: incompressible [prompt on not compressible][10] For a pipe in which this value is significant, the Darcy friction factor can be found using a Moody diagram. This value quantifies how much the normal vector of a surface?deviates from its ideal form.ANSWER: roughness [or surface roughness] <Rombro>12. William Gaines, who produced these things, testified in defense of them at a hearing of the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency chaired by Estes Kefauver. For 10 points each:[10] Name these things that were attacked as harmful to children in the book Seduction of the Innocent, which alleged they promoted violence and homosexuality.ANSWER: comic books [accept any kind of comics][10] Kefauver served as Adlai Stevenson's running mate in 1956 when Stevenson lost the presidency for the second time to this popular ex-World War II hero.ANSWER: Dwight David Eisenhower [or Ike Eisenhower][10] Kefauver also investigated organized crime in a series of hearings in the 1950s. One of the many witnesses who testified was this man, known as the "Mob's Accountant." He fled Cuba as Castro took power and was eventually deported by Israel back to the US.ANSWER: Meyer Lansky [or Meyer Suchowlanski] <Cheyne>13. At this location, Judy Dater took a photograph parodying Thomas Hart Benton's painting Persephone. For 10 points each:[10] Name this specific setting of that photograph, in which the elderly Imogen Cunningham peeps at the nude model Twinka Thiebaud (tee-BOH) standing behind a tree.ANSWER: Yosemite National Park [prompt on a park; prompt on California][10] Cunningham was a member of this group of San Francisco-based photographers, alongside Willard Van Dyke and Edward Weston. Their name refers to an aperture setting on a large formal camera.ANSWER: Group f/64 (F-sixty-four) [or F-stop Sixty-Four][10] The nude photo of Twinka Thiebaud was taken at a workshop organized by this legendary photographer and member of Group f/64. He took many pictures of Yosemite National Park and captured a famous shot of Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico.ANSWER: Ansel Adams <Cheyne>14. This military group fought with a similar unit from Pisa alongside Richard the Lionheart during the 1192 Battle of Jaffa. For 10 points each:[10] Name these medieval archers who often served as mercenaries. They were routed by English longbowmen at the Battle of Crécy when the rain soaked their strings and rendered their weapons useless. Name both the region and specific type of unit.ANSWER: Genoese crossbowmen [or crossbowmen from Genoa; prompt on partial answers][10] This elite group of Norse fighters in the Byzantine army was formed when Basil the Bulgar-Slayer had his sister Anna married off to Vladimir the Great in exchange for their service.ANSWER: Varangian Guard[10] These often-outnumbered medieval peoples heavily depended on their cavalry in battle. They resided in a region on the northern coast of France and won the Battle of Hastings.ANSWER: Normans <Collins>15. This event causes people to ask "Did he lose his way like a child?" and "Has he gone on a voyage?" For 10 points each:[10] Name this "greatest deed" that is announced by a madman holding a lantern who wonders if it will cause us to "plunge continually" in every direction.ANSWER: the death of God [accept equivalents including "God is dead"][10] The phrase "God is dead" is uttered in this work that, like its author's other work Daybreak, contains many sections arguing for individual self-expression over Judeo-Christian morality.ANSWER: The Gay Science[10] The Gay Science was written by this German philosopher. He contrasted Apollonian and Dionysian art in The Birth of Tragedy.ANSWER: Friedrich Nietzsche <Mehr>16. Those that passed a test were able to pass through this location to Aaru, the Field of Reeds. For 10 points each:[10] Name this location where some people were consumed by Ammit if they failed a test involving an object belonging to Ma'at.ANSWER: Duat [or Tuat; or Tuaut; or Akert; or Amenthes; or Amenti; or Neter-kherket; prompt on the Egyptian underworld][10] In the test, this body part of dead Egyptians was weighed and compared to the feather of Ma'at. If this body part weighed more than the feather, they were devoured for having insufficient truth and justice.ANSWER: heart[10] The god Thoth also hung out in Duat. He was typically depicted as having the head of either a baboon or this other animal.ANSWER: African sacred ibis [prompt on bird] <Cheyne>17. The title of this story partially refers to J. Edgar Nation's experience seeing an animal in a zoo perform a sexual act on Easter Sunday. For 10 points each:[10] Name this story in which Billy the Poet, a "nothinghead," rapes a hostess at an Ethical Suicide Parlor. It takes place in a society in which the government hands out "ethical birth control" drugs to suppress people's sexual desires.ANSWER: "Welcome to the Monkey House"[10] "Welcome to the Monkey House" is the title story of a collection by this author. His novel Player Piano follows Paul Proteus, an engineer in the fictional city of Ilium, New York, where he set many of his novels.ANSWER: Kurt Vonnegut Jr.[10] Vonnegut wrote this 1969 novel that chronicles the life of Billy Pilgrim, who becomes "unstuck in time."ANSWER: Slaughterhouse-Five, or The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death <Collins>18. Only twelve fossils of this species, originally dubbed "urvogel," are known. For 10 points each:[10] Name this avian genus discovered in 1861 from a single feather. The most famous example, the Berlin Specimen, was sold by its discoverer Jakob Niemeyer in order to purchase a cow.ANSWER: Archaeopteryx lithographica[10] Archaeopteryx was discovered in the Solnhofen limestone of this country. It contains the Aachen (AH-khen) Formation.ANSWER: Federal Republic of Germany [or Bundesrepublik Deutschland][10] The Solnhofen limestone contains Aeschnogomphus (esk-no-GOM-fus) and Tharsophlebia (thar-so-FLEB-ia), examples of these animals. They are currently in the clade Odonata, and the Meganeura example had a two-foot wingspan.ANSWER: dragonfly [or damselfly, prompt on insect; prompt on arthropod] <Fulgenzi>19. Answer the following about some paintings at the Yale University Art Gallery, for 10 points each.[10] Leander is awash in a stormy sea in this artist's early painting of Hero and Leander. The painting features many of this Flemish artist's signature fleshy nudes, also exemplified in The Raising of the Cross.ANSWER: Peter Paul Rubens[10] This saint has fallen off in front of his horse in a painting at Yale by Garofalo. Caravaggio's version of the same scene has this recently converted Christian raising up his arms at his horse's hindquarters.ANSWER: Saint Paul [or Saul][10] Heracles, separated by a stream, prepares to shoot an arrow to rescue his wife from a centaur in a badly preserved Yale painting by this artist. This son of a chicken seller is famed for his Battle of the Ten Nudes.ANSWER: Antonio del Pollaiolo [or Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo; or Antonio Pollaiuolo] <Bentley>20. Answer the following about literary mutinies, for 10 points each.[10] Charles Nordhoff and James Hall wrote a 1932 novel about the mutiny against William Bligh on this ship. The novel took the point of view of the fictional narrator Roger Byam.ANSWER: HMS Bounty[10] This author wrote the novel The Caine Mutiny in which the paranoid Captain Queeg is overthrown. He used his World War II experiences to write The Winds of War and War and Remembrance.ANSWER: Herman Wouk[10] This 1840 memoir features no mutinies, but was written to protest the treatment of common sailors. Its protagonist serves aboard the Pilgrim and the Alert.ANSWER: Two Years Before the Mast <Mehr>21. Answer the following about compactness, for 10 points each.[10] The Heine–Borel theorem states that a set of real numbers is compact if and only if it is bounded and has this property. Intervals with this property are denoted with square brackets to indicate that they contain both endpoints.ANSWER: closure [or closed; accept word forms][10] This doubly-eponymous theorem in analysis asserts that any bounded sequence of real numbers has a convergent subsequence. It implies the Heine–Borel theorem.ANSWER: Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem[10] Any compact metric space can be written as the image of a continuous function from this nowhere-dense set. If N is the natural numbers, then this set is homeomorphic to 2 to the N, and thus it is compact according to Tychonoff's theorem.ANSWER: Cantor set [or Cantor space] <Thompson> ................
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