PART I: Reviewing the Chapter - Mr. Johnson's Website



CHAPTER DocProperty "ChapterNumber" 18Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848–1854 seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h PART I: Reviewing the Chapter seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h A. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Checklist of Learning ObjectivesAfter mastering this chapter, you should be able to: seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Explain how the issue of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico disrupted American politics from 1848 to1850. seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Point out the major terms of the Compromise of 1850 and indicate how this agreement attempted to defuse the sectional crisis over slavery. seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Explain why the Fugitive Slave Law included in the Compromise of 1850 stirred moral outrage and fueled antislavery agitation in the North. seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Indicate how the Whig party’s disintegration over slavery signaled the end of nonsectional political parties. seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Describe how the Pierce administration, as well as private American adventurers, pursued numerous overseas and expansionist ventures primarily designed to expand slavery. seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Describe Americans’ first ventures into China and Japan in the 1850s and their diplomatic, economic, cultural, and religious consequences. seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Describe the nature and purpose of Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act, and explain why it fiercely rekindled the slavery controversy that the Compromise of 1850 had been designed to settle. seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h B. seq NL1 \r 0 \h GlossaryTo build your social science vocabulary, familiarize yourself with the following terms. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .self-determination?In politics, the right of a people to assert its own national identity and determine its own form of government without outside influence. “The public liked it because it accorded with the democratic tradition of self-determination.” seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .homestead?A family home or farm with buildings and land sufficient for survival. “.?.?.?they broadened their appeal?.?.?. by urging free government homesteads for settlers.” seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .vigilante?Concerning self-appointed groups that claim to punish crime and maintain order without legal authority to do so. “.?.?.?violence was only partly discouraged by rough vigilante justice.” seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .sanctuary?A place of refuge or protection, where people are made safe from punishment by the law. “.?.?.?scores of .?.?.?runaway slaves .?.?.?were spirited .?.?.?to the free-soil sanctuary of Canada.” seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .fugitive?A person who flees from danger or prosecution. “.?.?.?southerners were demanding a new and more stringent fugitive-slave law.” seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .topography?The precise surface features and details of a place—for example, rivers, coastlines, hills—in relation to one another. “The good Lord had decreed—through climate, topography, and geography—that a plantation economy .?.?.?could not profitably exist in the Mexican Cession territory. .?.?.” seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .mundane?Belonging to this world, as opposed to a higher or spiritual world. “Seward argued earnestly that Christian legislators must obey God’s moral law as well as mundane human law.” seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .statecraft?The art of government leadership. “The Whigs .?.?.?missed a splendid opportunity to capitalize on their record in statecraft.” seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .isthmian?(isthmus) Concerning a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land. “.?.?.?neither America nor Britain would fortify or secure exclusive control over any future isthmian water-way.” seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .filibustering?(filibuster) Adventurers who conduct a private war against a foreign country. “During 1850–1851 two ‘filibustering’ expeditions descended upon Cuba.” (In a different definition, filibuster also refers to deliberately prolonging speechmaking in order to block legislation.) seq NL1 11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .dynasty A succession of monarchs or emperors all descended from the same family; hence, the entire period of time (usually lengthy) in which such a family rules. “The long- ruling warrior dynasty known as the Tokugawa Shogunate. . . . “ seq NL1 12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .cloak-and-dagger?Concerning the activities of spies or undercover agents, especially involving elaborate deceptions. “An incredible cloak-and-dagger episode followed.” seq NL1 13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .manifesto A proclamation or document aggressively asserting a controversial position or advocating a daring course of action. “ . . . rose in an outburst of wrath against this ‘manifesto of brigands.’” seq NL1 14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .booster?One who promotes a person or enterprise, especially in a highly enthusiastic way. “An ardent booster for the West, he longed to .?.?.?stretch a line of settlements across the continent.” seq NL1 15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .truce?A temporary suspension of warfare by agreement of the hostile parties. “This bold step Douglas was prepared to take, even at the risk of shattering the uneasy truce patched up by the Great Compromise of 1850.” seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h PART II: Checking Your Progress seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h A. seq NL1 \r 0 \h True-FalseWhere the statement is true, circle T; where it is false, circle F. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFDemocratic party politicians and others attempted to avoid the issue of slavery in the territories by saying it should be left to popular sovereignty. seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe Free Soil party consisted of a small, unified band of radical abolitionists. seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFAfter the gold rush of 1849, California sought direct admission to the Union as a slave state. seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFSoutherners demanded a more effective fugitive-slave law to stop the Underground Railroad from running escaped slaves to Canada. seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFIn the Senate debate of 1850, Calhoun and Webster each spoke for their respective sections in opposition to a compromise over slavery. seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFIn the key provisions of the Compromise of 1850, New Mexico and Utah were admitted as slave states, while California was left open to popular sovereignty. seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe provision of the Compromise of 1850 that aroused the fiercest northern opposition was the Fugitive Slave Law. seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe Whig Party disappeared because its northern and southern wings were too deeply split over the Fugitive Slave Law and other sectional issues. seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe Pierce administration’s expansionist efforts in Central America, Cuba, and the Gadsden Purchase were basically designed to serve southern proslavery interests. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 10.TFThe Ostend Manifesto was designed to secure a peaceful solution to the crisis between the United States and Spain over Cuba. seq NL1 11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFIn negotiating the first American treaty with China in 1844, diplomat Caleb Cushing made sure that the United States followed a more culturally respectful policy than that of the imperialistic European great powers in China. seq NL1 12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFDouglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act was intended to organize western territories so that a transcontinental railroad could be built along a northern route. seq NL1 13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFBoth southerners and northerners were outraged by Douglas’s plan to repeal the Missouri Compromise. seq NL1 14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe Kansas-Nebraska Act wrecked the Compromise of 1850 and created deep divisions within the Democratic Party. seq NL1 15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .TFThe Republican Party was initially organized as a northern protest movement against Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act. seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h B. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer and circle the corresponding letter. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Popular sovereignty was the idea that SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the government of each new territory should be elected by the people. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the American public should have a popular vote on whether to admit states with or without slavery. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .presidential candidates should be nominated by popular primaries rather than party conventions. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the United States should assume popular control of the territory acquired from Mexico. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the people of a territory should determine for themselves whether or not to permit slavery. seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .In the election of 1848, the response of the Whig and Democratic parties to the rising controversy over slavery was SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .a strong proslavery stance by the Democrats and a strong antislavery stance by the Whigs. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .to attack the sectional divisiveness of the antislavery Free Soil party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .an attempt to ignore the issue by shoving it out of sight. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .to permit each individual candidate to take his own stand on the issue. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .to promise to seek a sectional compromise no matter which party won the presidency. seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Rapid formation of an effective state government in California seemed especially urgent because seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .proslavery Californians were gaining effective control of the territory. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .of the threat that Mexico would re-conquer the territory. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .of the need to provide state subsidies for a transcontinental railroad. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .there was no legal authority to suppress the violence and lawlessness that accompanied the California gold rush. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the influx of gold-seekers from around the world was causing ethnic conflict. seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The proposed direct admission of California into the Union, without passing through territorial status, was dangerously controversial because SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the territory was in a condition of complete lawlessness and anarchy. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the Mexicans were threatening renewed warfare if California joined the Union. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .California’s admission as a free state would destroy the equal balance of slave and free states in the U.S. Senate. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .there was a growing movement to declare California an independent nation. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .southern California and northern California did not want to be part of the same state. seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Southerners hated the Underground Railroad and demanded a stronger federal Fugitive Slave Law especially because seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the numbers of runaway slaves had grown dramatically. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .they feared that railroad conductors might foment a slave rebellion. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .northern toleration of slave runaways reflected a moral judgment against slavery. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .southern states were forced to spend large sums on slave patrols and slave catchers. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the risk of un-captured runaways was beginning to depress the price of slaves. seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Senator Daniel Webster’s fundamental view regarding the issue of slavery expansion into the West was that seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .new slave and free states should always be admitted in pairs so as to preserve the sectional balance. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .there was no need to legislate because climate and geography guaranteed that plantation slavery could not exist in the West. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .slavery should be prohibited in the West but that the South could expand slavery into Central America and the Caribbean. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the South should be permitted to expand slavery if it abandoned its demand for a Fugitive Slave Law. seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .It appeared that the Compromise of 1850 would fail to be enacted into law when seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Senator John C. Calhoun agreed that the Compromise was the best solution available. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .President Zachary Taylor suddenly died and the new president Fillmore backed the Compromise. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Senator William Seward stated that a higher law demanded preservation of the Union. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .violence between radical abolitionists and southern fire-eaters made Congress realize compromise was essential. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Henry Clay persuaded President Taylor to reverse his opposition to the Compromise. seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850 SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and the issue of slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .California was admitted as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico as slave states. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .California, Utah, and New Mexico were kept as territories but with slavery prohibited. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .New Mexico and Texas were admitted as slave states and Utah and California as free states. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the South and North agreed that the number of slave and free states should remain equal. seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The greatest winner in the Compromise of 1850 was SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the North. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the South. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the Whig party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the border states. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .President Millard Fillmore. seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The most significant effect of the Fugitive Slave Law, passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, was SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .an end to slave escapes and the Underground Railroad. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .the extension of the Underground Railroad into Canada. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .a sharp rise in northern antislavery feeling. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .a growing determination by radical abolitionists to foment violent slave rebellions. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .growing northern hostility to radical abolitionists. seq NL1 11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The conflict over slavery following the election of 1852 led shortly to the SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .death of the Whig party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .death of the Democratic party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .death of the Republican party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .rise of the Free Soil party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .takeover of the Whig party by proslavery elements. seq NL1 12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Southerners seeking to expand the territory of slavery undertook filibustering military expeditions to acquire SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Canada and Alaska. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Venezuela and Colombia. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Nicaragua and Cuba. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Hawaii and Samoa. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .northern Mexico. seq NL1 13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The primary goal of the Treaty of Kanagawa , which Commodore Matthew Perry signed with Japan in 1854, was SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .establishing a balance of power in East Asia. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .opening Japan to American missionaries. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .guaranteeing the territorial integrity of China. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .establishing American naval bases in Hawaii and Okinawa. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .opening Japan to American trade. seq NL1 14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The Gadsden Purchase was fundamentally designed to seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .enable the United States to guarantee control of California. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .permit the construction of a transcontinental railroad along a southern route. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .block Mexican raids into Arizona and New Mexico. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .serve the political interests of Senator Stephen Douglas. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .divert attention from the Pierce administration’s secret plan to seize Cuba. seq NL1 15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Northerners especially resented Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act because it SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .would encourage the building of a transcontinental railroad along the southern route. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .would make Douglas the leading Democratic candidate for the presidency. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .repealed the Missouri Compromise prohibiting slavery in northern territories. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .would bring Kansas into the Union as a slave state. seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .would end the equal balance of free and slave states in the Union. seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h C. seq NL1 \r 0 \h IdentificationSupply the correct identification for each numbered description. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 1.__________Hotheaded southern agitators who pushed for southern interests and favored secession from the Union SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 2.__________The doctrine that the issue of slavery should be decided by the residents of a territory themselves, not by the federal government SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 3.__________Antislavery political party in the election of 1848 that included moral opponents of slavery as well as white workers who disliked black competition SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 4.__________The informal network of people who helped runaway slaves travel from the South to the safe haven of Canada SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 5.__________Senator William Seward’s doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories because it was contrary to a divine morality standing above even the Constitution SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 6.__________The provision of the Compromise of 1850 that comforted southern slave-catchers and aroused the wrath of northern abolitionists SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 7.__________The two territories that were organized under the Compromise of 1850 with thechoice of slavery left open to popular sovereignty SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 8.__________A series of agreements between North and South that temporarily dampened the slavery controversy and led to a short-lived era of national good feelings SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 9.__________Political party that fell apart and disappeared after losing the election of 1852 SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 10.__________An 1850 treaty between Britain and America stating that neither country would exclusively control or fortify any Central American canal. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 11.__________A top-secret dispatch, drawn up by American diplomats in Europe, that detailed a plan for seizing Cuba from Spain SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 12.__________British military victory over China that gained Britain’s right to sell drugs in China and colonial control of the island of Hong Kong SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 13.__________Treaty of 1844, between the United States and China that opened China to American trade and missionary activity SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 14.__________Southwestern territory acquired by the Pierce administration to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 15.__________A new political party organized as a protest against the Kansas-Nebraska Act seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h D. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Matching People, Places, and EventsMatch the person, place, or event in the left column with the proper description in the right column by inserting the correct letter on the blank line. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Lewis Cass seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Zachary Taylor seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Martin Van Buren seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Caleb Cushing seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Harriet Tubman seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Daniel Webster seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___William Seward seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Millard Fillmore seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Franklin Pierce seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Winfield Scott seq NL1 11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___John C. Calhoun seq NL1 12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Matthew Perry seq NL1 13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___William Walker seq NL1 14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___James Gadsden seq NL1 15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .___Stephen A. Douglas seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .American naval commander who opened Japan to the West in 1854 seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Democratic presidential candidate in 1848, original proponent of the idea of popular sovereignty seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Weak Democratic president whose pro-southern cabinet pushed aggressive expansionist schemes seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Famous conductor on the Underground Railroad who rescued more than three hundred slaves from bondage seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Illinois politician who helped smooth over sectional conflict in 1850, but then reignited it in 1854 seq NL_a \* alphabetic 6 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .South Carolina senator who fiercely defended southern rights and opposed compromise with the North in the debates of 1850 seq NL_a \* alphabetic 7 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Military hero of the Mexican War who became the Whigs’ last presidential candidate in 1852 seq NL_a \* alphabetic 8 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Whig president who nearly destroyed the Compromise of 1850 before he died in office seq NL_a \* alphabetic 9 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .American proslavery filibusterer who seized control of Nicaragua and made himself president in the 1850s seq NL_a \* alphabetic 10 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Wanghia with China in 1844 seq NL_a \* alphabetic 11 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .American minister to Mexico in the 1850s who acquired land for the United States that would enable the building of a southern transcontinental railroad seq NL_a \* alphabetic 12 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .New York senator who argued that the expansion of slavery was forbidden by a higher law seq NL_a \* alphabetic 13 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .New Yorker who supported and signed the Compromise of 1850 after he suddenly became president that same year seq NL_a \* alphabetic 14 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Northern spokesman whose support for the Compromise of 1850 earned him the hatred of abolitionists seq NL_a \* alphabetic 15 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Former president who became the candidate of the antislavery Free Soil party in the election of 1848 seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h E. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Putting Things in OrderPut the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 1.___ A series of delicate agreements between the North and South temporarily smoothes over the slavery conflict. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 2.___ A Mexican War hero is elected president, as the issue of how a deal with slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico arouses national controversy. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 3.___ A spectacular growth of settlement in the far West creates demand for admission of a new free state and agitates the slavery controversy. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 4.___ Stephen A. Douglas’s scheme to build a transcontinental railroad leads to repeal of the Missouri Compromise, which reopens the slavery controversy and spurs the formation of a new party. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 5.___ The Pierce administration acquires a small Mexican territory to encourage a southern route for the transcontinental railroad. seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h F. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Matching Cause and EffectMatch the historical cause in the left column with the proper effect in the right column by writing the correct letter on the blank line.CauseEffect SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 1. SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h ___The evasion of the slavery issue by Whigs and Democrats in 1848 SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 2.___The California gold rush SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 3.___The Underground Railroad SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 4.___The Free Soil Party SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 5.___The Compromise of 1850 SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 6.___The Fugitive Slave Law SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 7.___The Pierce administration’s schemes to acquire Cuba SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 8.___The Gadsden Purchase SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 9.___Stephen Douglas’s indifference to slavery and desire for a northern railroad route SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h SEQ NL1 10.___The Kansas-Nebraska Act seq NL_a \* alphabetic 1 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Was the predecessor of the antislavery Republican Party seq NL_a \* alphabetic 2 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Fell apart after the leaking of the Ostend Manifesto seq NL_a \* alphabetic 3 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Caused a tremendous northern protest and the birth of the Republican party seq NL_a \* alphabetic 4 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Made the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession areas more urgent seq NL_a \* alphabetic 5 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Created a short-lived national mood of optimism and reconciliation seq NL_a \* alphabetic 6 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Heightened competition between southern and northern railroad promoters over the choice of a transcontinental route seq NL_a \* alphabetic 7 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Led to the formation of the new Free Soil antislavery party seq NL_a \* alphabetic 8 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Aroused active northern resistance to legal enforcement and prompted attempts at nullification in Massachusetts seq NL_a \* alphabetic 9 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Led to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, without regard for the consequences seq NL_a \* alphabetic 10 seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h .Aroused southern demands for an effective fugitive-slave law seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h G. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Developing Historical Skills seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h Understanding Cause and EffectIt is often crucial to understand how certain historical forces or events cause other historical events or developments. In the pairs of historical events listed below, designated (A) and (B), indicate which was the cause and which was the effect. Then indicate in a brief sentence how the cause led to the effect. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The acquisition of California?(B) The Mexican War seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The entry of California into the Union?(B) The California gold rush seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The death of President Zachary Taylor?(B) The passage of the Compromise of 1850 seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) Northern aid to fugitive slaves?(B) The passage of the Fugitive Slave Law seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The disappearance of the Whig party?(B) The election of 1852 seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The Compromise of 1850?(B) Southern filibuster ventures seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The Gadsden Purchase?(B) The southern plan for a transcontinental railroad seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) Douglas’s plan for a transcontinental railroad?(B) The Kansas-Nebraska Act seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The Ostend Manifesto?(B) The end of Pierce administration schemes to acquire Cuba seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .(A) The rise of the Republican party?(B) The Kansas-Nebraska Act seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h H. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Map Mastery seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h Map DiscriminationUsing the maps and charts in Chapter 18, answer the following questions. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Texas and the Disputed Area Before the Compromise of 1850: A large territory claimed by Texas was taken from it in the Compromise of 1850, and parts of it were later incorporated into five other states. Which were they? seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: Under the Compromise of 1850, which free state was partially located south of the line 36°30’ (the southern border of Missouri), which had been established by the Missouri Compromise as the border between slave and free territories? seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: Under the Compromise of 1850, which territory located north of 36°30’ could have adopted slavery if it had chosen to do so? seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: After 1850, how many organized territories prohibited slavery? Identify them. seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Central America c. 1850: In Central America, British influence extended along the Atlantic coasts of which two nations? seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Central America c. 1850: In the 1850s, the territory of the future Panama Canal was part of which South American country? seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The Gadsden Purchase, 1853: The proposed southern transcontinental railroad was supposed to run through which two Texas cities? seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Kansas and Nebraska, 1854: The proposed northern transcontinental railroad was supposed to run through which territory organized by Stephen Douglas’s act of 1854? seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The Legal Status of Slavery, from the Revolution to the Civil War: In 1854, what was the status of slavery in the only state that bordered on the Kansas Territory? seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .The Legal Status of Slavery, from the Revolution to the Civil War: Under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, how far north could slavery have extended had it been implemented in Nebraska territory? seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h Map ChallengeUsing the map of The Legal Status of Slavery, from the Revolution to the Civil War, write a brief essay in which you describe how the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act each affected the legal status of slavery in various territories. seq NL1 \r 0 \h seq NL_EVEN \r 0 \h seq NL_ODD \r 0 \h seq NL_Eqn \r 0 \h seq NL_Sec \r 1 \h PART III: Applying What You Have LearnedSelect three of the following prompts. In an essay argue a position which answers the question and includes all relevant evidence that supports your position.1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Why did the two major political parties, the Whigs and the Democrats, both strive mightily to keep the most important problem facing America, slavery, out of national political discussion?2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to deal with the most difficult issues concerning slavery? Was the Compromise a success? By what standard?3 SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h .Most northerners strongly supported the Compromise of 1850, except for the Fugitive Slave Act. Why did the South insist on the Act when only about a thousand slaves a year escaped? Why was the Fugitive Slave Act such a point of horror for many northerners? Could the Compromise of 1850 have succeeded longer if the fugitive law had not been included?4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Why were proslavery southerners and the Pierce administration they controlled so eager to push for further American expansion into Nicaragua, Cuba, and elsewhere in the 1850s?5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .What were the causes and consequences of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Did Senator Stephen A. Douglas genuinely believe that he could repeal the Missouri Compromise without arousing a new sectional crisis?6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . seq NL_a \r 0 \h How similar was the Compromise of 1850 to the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (see Chapter 13)? How did each sectional compromise affect the balance of power between North and South? Why could sectional issues be compromised in 1820 and 1850, but not after 1854? SEQ NL_a \r 0 \h 7.How could a single issue—the Kansas-Nebraska Act—cause the formation of a powerful new political party out of nothing?Select two of the three questions/prompts below. Write an argument (essay) that answers the question and provides evidence to support your thesis. seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .What were the most fundamental issues causing the sectional crisis and threatening to split the Union in 1850?2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .What fundamentally motivated the new American engagement with China and Japan in the 1840s and 1850s? Were the treaties negotiated by Caleb Cushing and Matthew Perry expressions of the expansionist spirit of manifest destiny and general Western imperialism, or were Americans genuinely interested in economic and cultural exchange with East Asia?3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .Because Senator Stephen A. Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act reignited the slavery issue after the Compromise of 1850 appeared to have calmed it down, should he bear responsibility as an instigator of the Civil War? ................
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