Appendix A - University of Phoenix



Associate Level Material

Managing Your Weight Transcript

TED KOPPEL (ABC NEWS)

(OC) I WAS LISTENING TO TALK RADIO AGAIN THIS MORNING. IT'S A WEAKNESS I APPARENTLY SHARE WITH A LOT OF YOU. I ENJOY LISTENING TO THE VERBAL AGILITY OF THE HOST AND THE ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY WITH WHICH HE PLUNGES INTO AREAS ABOUT WHICH HE CLEARLY KNOWS LITTLE OR NOTHING. TODAY WAS A PERFECT EXAMPLE. OBESITY WAS THE SUBJECT AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY WAS THE ISSUE. I MISSED THE TOP OF THE PROGRAM, SO IT'S ENTIRELY POSSIBLE THAT IT WAS PROMPTED BY THE FACT THAT ABC NEWS AND "TIME" MAGAZINE HAVE DEVOTED THIS ENTIRE WEEK TO THE SUBJECT. WE'RE CALLING IT "CRITICAL CONDITION, AMERICA'S OBESITY CRISIS.” ANYWAY, I GATHER THAT MY FRIEND, THE RADIO HOST, WAS PUT OUT BY THE NOTION THAT OBESITY MIGHT BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ANYONE OTHER THAN THE OBESE PERSON. SET ASIDE THE ISSUE OF GENETICS FOR A MOMENT. HE DIDN'T REALLY GET INTO THAT. THIS WAS ONE OF THOSE CLASSIC RANTS ABOUT FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY. WE ARE ALL FREE, IN OTHER WORDS, TO EAT WHATEVER WE WANT. AND, IF WE BECOME GROSSLY OVERWEIGHT, IT IS OUR OWN RESPONSIBILITY AND NOBODY ELSE'S. EVERYONE WHO CALLED IN, WHILE I WAS LISTENING AT LEAST, LOVED THAT NOTION. BLUNTLY STATED, IF YOU'RE FAT, IT'S YOUR OWN DAMN FAULT. THERE IS SOME TRUTH TO THAT. BUT IF, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU ARE POOR, LIVE IN THE INNER CITY, AND HAVE NO TRANSPORTATION OF YOUR OWN, YOU ARE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE LIKELY TO BE OBESE, THAN IF YOU ARE WELL-OFF, DRIVE YOUR OWN CAR AND LIVE IN THE SUBURBS. AND WHILE EDUCATION DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE, IT'S NOT THE KEY FACTOR. TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT "NIGHTLINE" PRODUCER MARIE NELSON AND CORRESPONDENT MICHEL MARTIN FOUND.

JAYNE BREWER (SAVE-A-LOT MANAGER)

THE RAMEN NOODLES ARE VERY POPULAR HERE. THEY'RE 69 CENTS TO GET A SIX PACK. MACARONI AND CHEESE IS FOUR FOR $1. SO, IT'S THINGS LIKE THAT THAT HELPS THEM BUDGET. A LITTLE BIT OF MONEY AND ALSO HAVING ENOUGH GROCERIES TO LAST THEM AT LEAST A COUPLE OF WEEKS

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) AT THE SAVE-A-LOT STORE IN HIGHLAND PARK, A LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOOD OF DETROIT, PEOPLE ARE STOCKING UP FOR THE WEEKEND. IT IS ONE OF TWO GROCERY STORES IN THIS COMMUNITY OF 17,000. BUT FOR MANY PEOPLE HERE, THIS IS THE STORE THEY DEPEND ON. EASY TO REACH WITHOUT A CAR, WELCOMING TO THOSE ON A FIXED INCOME OR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE. AND THE PEOPLE WHO RUN IT, KNOW WHAT THEIR CUSTOMERS NEED AND WANT.

JAYNE BREWER (SAVE-A-LOT MANAGER)

COMPARED TO WHAT WE OFFER, FOR PEOPLE THAT CAN'T GET OUT TO COSTCO, TO SAM'S CLUB, 'CAUSE THERE'S NONE HERE IN DETROIT. THERE'S NONE. SO, THEREFORE, ECONOMY-WISE, WE DO THE BEST WE CAN TO HELP THEM. YOU KNOW, TACO SHELLS, 99 CENTS. YOU KNOW, RAMEN NOODLES. YOU BUY A WHOLE CASE FOR $3 AND SOME CHANGE. YOU KNOW, IT'S A LOT EASIER.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) PEOPLE DO THAT? THEY'LL BUY A CASE OF THEM?

JAYNE BREWER (SAVE-A-LOT MANAGER)

OH, YEAH, THEY'LL BUY A WHOLE CASE. THEY WILL BUY A WHOLE CASE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND IN MUCH OF THE WORLD NOW, TO BE POOR HAS MEANT TO BE THIN, EVEN PAINFULLY SO. BUT NOT TODAY. NOT IN THE UNITED STATES AT LEAST, WHERE THOSE WITH THE LOWEST INCOMES ARE FAR MORE LIKELY TO HAVE THE BIGGEST WAISTLINES.

MARION NESTLE (NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)

IT'S ONE OF THE GREAT IRONIES OF THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC, IS THAT IT AFFECTS THE POOR MORE THAN IT AFFECTS THE RICH.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) MARION NESTLE IS DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVES AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY.

MARION NESTLE (NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)

WE SEE MUCH HIGHER RATES OF OBESITY AMONG POOR PEOPLE IN INNER CITIES AND IN THE RURAL AREAS, EVERYWHERE. AND THE IRONY, OF COURSE, COMES FROM THE FACT THAT THESE ARE EXACTLY THE PEOPLE WHO ALSO HAVE TROUBLE GETTING ENOUGH FOOD. SO, BOTH THINGS ARE GOING ON AT ONCE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL ESTIMATES THAT ONE OUT OF FOUR ADULTS WITH INCOMES BELOW THE POVERTY LEVEL IS OBESE. THE CORRELATION IS ESPECIALLY TRUE FOR WOMEN. THOSE WITH INCOMES BELOW THE POVERTY LEVEL ARE MORE THAN TWICE AS LIKELY TO BE OBESE AS WOMEN WITH THE HIGHEST INCOMES. LOW-INCOME AMERICANS CERTAINLY AREN'T THE ONLY ONES STRUGGLING WITH THEIR WEIGHT. WEIGHT LOSS HAS BECOME A HUGE INDUSTRY IN THE US AFTER ALL. BUT THE LINK BETWEEN LOW-INCOME AND OBESITY IS UNMISTAKABLE IN LESS AFFLUENT AREAS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY, WHERE PEOPLE ARE GETTING FATTER AND SICKER, AS A RESULT.

DOCTOR KIMBERLY-DAWN WISDOM (MICHIGAN SURGEON GENERAL)

WE SEE TYPE II DIABETES. WE SEE STROKE. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OR HEART DISEASE. WE SEE OSTEOARTHRITIS.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) DR. KIMBERLY-DAWN WISDOM, THE COUNTRY'S ONLY STATE-LEVEL SURGEON GENERAL, SAYS A WHOLE SERIES OF GRADUAL SOCIAL CHANGES HAVE CONSPIRED TO MAKE PEOPLE FATTER.

DOCTOR KIMBERLY-DAWN WISDOM (MICHIGAN SURGEON GENERAL)

OUR PORTION SIZES HAVE CHANGED, SO PEOPLE ARE ACTUALLY EATING MORE. THEY'RE EATING MORE FAT, FATTY FOODS, AS WELL AS FOODS THAT ARE CALORIE-DENSE. AND ALSO, OUR ENVIRONMENT. I THINK -WE'VE SORT OF SYSTEMATICALLY ENGINEERED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OUT OF OUR ENVIRONMENT. AND SO, MANY PEOPLE, INSTEAD OF WALKING TO SCHOOL OR BIKING TO SCHOOL OR WALKING TO STORES, ARE ACTUALLY GETTING INTO CARS AND TRAVELING VERY SHORT DISTANCES.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) BUT OTHERS SAY THE LINK BETWEEN POVERTY AND OBESITY IS FAR MORE DIRECT.

DOCTOR ADAM DRUNOWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON)

WELL, SOME PEOPLE SAY THAT OBESITY IS THE RESULT OF A LOW METABOLISM. I SAY IT REALLY IS THE RESULT OF LOW WAGES.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) DR. ADAM DRUNOWSKI IS DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON.

DOCTOR ADAM DRUNOWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON)

PEOPLE ALWAYS RAISE THE ISSUE OF PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE. AND THEY SAY, IF ONLY THE OBESE PEOPLE MADE THE RIGHT CHOICES. IF ONLY THEY EXERCISED, ALL WOULD BE WELL. WHAT I SAY IS THIS, PEOPLE'S CHOICES ARE VERY EFFECTIVELY LIMITED BY THEIR ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES. SO, IN OTHER WORDS, OBESITY'S PREDICTED NOT SO MUCH BY METABOLISM AND GENETICS. IT IS ACTUALLY VERY RELIABLY PREDICTED BY ZIP CODE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) TO TEST THAT THEORY, WE WENT TO DETROIT, NAMED AMERICA'S FATTEST CITY BY "MEN'S FITNESS" MAGAZINE THIS YEAR. BASED ON SUCH FACTORS AS THE NUMBER OF EXERCISE FACILITIES AND FAST FOOD OUTLETS.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) GIVE ME THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM HERE IN MICHIGAN. HOW BAD IS IT?

DR KIMBERLY-DAWN WISDOM (MICHIGAN SURGEON GENERAL)

WELL, IT'S PRETTY BAD. AS A STATE, ABOUT 62 PERCENT OF OUR ADULT POPULATION IS EITHER OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE. AND THAT HAS BEEN INCREASING OVER ABOUT THE LAST TEN YEARS.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) CIVIC LEADERS LIKE DETROIT MAYOR KWAME KILPATRICK, ARE SO CONCERNED, THEY HAVE KICKED OFF A CITY-WIDE CAMPAIGN TO ENCOURAGE HEALTHIER HABITS.

MAYOR KWAME M. KILPATRICK (DETROIT)

A HEALTHY COMMUNITY, YOU KNOW, GROWS ECONOMICALLY -SOCIALLY, AND WE WANT DETROITERS TO BE HEALTHY.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(VO) MOST OF THE PEOPLE WE'VE TALKED TO HERE HAVE GOTTEN THE MESSAGE THAT THEY NEED WATCH THEIR WEIGHT. THEY NEED TO DO THINGS LIKE EAT MORE FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. BUT FOR MANY OF THEM, THAT'S EASIER SAID THAN DONE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) I WASN'T GOING TO ASK. WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES? DO YOU HAVE -ARE THOSE WIDELY AVAILABLE? CAN YOU FIND WHAT YOU NEED?

SHOPPER (MALE)

YOU HAVE TO GO OUT, MOST OF THE TIME. THERE'S NOT A WHOLE LOT IN THE CITY. AND I IN PARTICULAR GO TO THE FRUIT MARKETS -YOU KNOW, THERE'S ONE IN DEARBORN. I GO OUT THERE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) WHAT IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE A CAR?

SHOPPER (MALE)

THEN YOU'RE HIT. YEAH. YOU HAVE TO MAKE DO WITH WHAT'S AROUND.

DOCTOR ADAM DRUNOWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON)

FRESH PRODUCE DOES CAST MORE. AND THERE IS REALLY NO AGGREGATE BUYING POWER IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD TO BUY LUXURY ITEMS ON A REGULAR BASIS. SO, WHAT YOU DO SEE IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS IS LOTS OF GRAINS, CEREALS, SWEETENED CEREALS, ADDED SUGARS AND ADDED FAT.

MARION NESTLE (NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)

IF YOU'RE IN ONE OF THESE AREAS, YOU JUST DON'T HAVE OPTIONS. YOU HAVE LIQUOR STORES. YOU HAVE CORNER STORES THAT MIGHT SELL A FEW LITTLE THINGS. YOU'VE GOT BODEGAS IN HISPANIC AREAS THAT MIGHT SELL A FEW PACKAGED FOODS. WHAT YOU DON'T HAVE IS THE KIND OF CHOICE AND OPPORTUNITY THAT PEOPLE IN WEALTHIER AREAS HAVE.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) HOW MUCH DID THIS COST?

SHOPPER (MALE)

I THINK THAT'S 99 CENTS.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) SO, 99 CENTS. HOW MUCH IS THIS?

SHOPPER (MALE)

$2.99. A LOT OF PLACES, THE MILK IS $3.50.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) THIS HAS A LOT OF SUGAR IN IT.

SHOPPER (MALE)

ONCE YOU PUT A LITTLE WATER IN IT.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) YOU WATER IT DOWN?

SHOPPER (MALE)

YES.

MICHEL MARTIN (ABC NEWS)

(OC) AND IT'S CHEAPER THAN THE MILK. SO, YOU GET THREE OF THOSE FOR THE SAME PRICE AS ONE OF THESE.

MARION NESTLE (NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)

IF YOU HAVE $5 AND YOU GO INTO A MCDONALD'S, YOU CAN BUY FIVE HAMBURGERS AT $1 EACH OR ONE SALAD. IF YOU'RE POOR, WHICH ARE YOU GOING TO CHOOSE? THE ANSWER'S OBVIOUS.

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