Riverside City College
The Major STDSSeven STDs pose major health threatsBacterial InfectionsChlamydiaGonorrheaSyphilisViral InfectionsHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV)Hepatitis B (HBV)Herpes simplex virus (HSV)Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)Chlamydia (“The clap”)Most prevalent bacterial STD in U.S.Symptoms in the female-Most women asymptomatic. If symptomatic, women have discharge, vaginal bleeding, painful urination, painful intercourse, abdominal pain, nausea, fever, etc.Symptoms in the male: Painful urination, slightly watery discharge from penis, sometimes pain around testiclesGonorrhea Symptoms in the female-Most women asymptomatic. If symptomatic, women experience painful urination, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge.Symptoms in males – Thick yellow-white discharge from penis caused by urethritis, painful urinationSyphilisSymptoms –Primary Syphilis - Painless sores (chancre) appears 10-90 days after exposureSecondary Syphilis - Body rash 3-6 weeks after chancreTertiary Syphilis- If left untreated, 1/3 can have damage to organs and nervous system, dementia, blindness and deathPelvic Inflammatory Disease PIDDefinition: Progressive infection that harms a women’s reproductive systemSymptoms - long and painful periods, discharge, spotting, low abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pain during intercourse.Caused by: untreated Chlamydia and Gonorrhea infectionsHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV)Most common STD in the USGardasil is a vaccine against most common strains of HPVCauses genital warts and genital cancersSymptomsSmall bump on the skin or a large, warty growth/ Cauliflower-like mass on genitalsMost people who carry HPV have no visible warts or any symptoms but are contagiousHepatitis B Virus (HBV)Caused by the hepatitis B virusFound in all body fluidsCauses Inflammation of the liverCan lead to liver disease and deathPreventable with vaccination. (given at birth)Symptoms Extreme fatigue, headache, fever, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, tenderness in abdomenHerpes simplex virus (HSV) (Comes in two forms)HSV1 & 2 (Both cause herpes)HSV1 causes cold sores & fever blistersHSV2 causes genital herpes (lesions)Symptoms90% of infected people are asymptomatic; symptoms are flulike symptoms in addition to lesions.Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)Virus that causes AIDSFound in all body fluids; most concentrated in blood, semen and breast milkSuppresses the immune system because HIV attacks and kills T helper cellsEarly Symptoms are similar to flu symptoms; later stages marked by weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, opportunistic infections etc.What Can You Do to Protect YourselfEducationDiagnosis and TreatmentGet vaccinatedBe alert for symptomsGet testedInform your partnersGet Treated (bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics; viral infections cannot be cured, but can be treated with antiviral medications which lower the viral load)PreventionUse a barrier defense.Know your potential partner. (To say the least!)Women are hit hard by STDsMale-to-female transmission of STD’s is more likely to occur.Young women are more vulnerable because the cervix is more susceptible to injury and infection.Once infected women seem to suffer more consequences of STDsEx. gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause PID in women ................
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