Abdomen - Misericordia University



Abdomen

Bony Landmarks and Surface Anatomy

• Xiphoid Process

• Costal Margin

• Pubic Symphysis (marks L1 dermatome)

• Tubercle

• Anterior Iliac Spine

• Inguinal Ligament (connects the pubic tubercle and anterior iliac spine)

• Abdominal regions (9) and quadrants (7)

• Umbilicus (marks level of T10 dermatome)

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Muscles (innervation, blood supply, AOI)

• External and Internal Oblique

o Compresses and supports viscera

• Rectus Abdominis and Linea Alba

o Flexes trunk

• Transverse Abdominus

o Aponeurosis of IO and TA join to form conjoint tendon in inguinal region

o Compresses and supports viscera

• Epigastric A & V

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Peritoneal Cavity

• Mesenteries

o Peritoneum

o Falciform Ligament and Ligamentum Teres

o Lesser Omentum (hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments)

o Omental bursa and epiploic (omental) foramen

o Greater Omentum

▪ Gastrosplenic ligament

▪ Gastrophrenic ligament

▪ Gastrocolic ligament

o Mesentery Proper

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• Stomach

o Fundus

o Body

o Antrum

o Pylorus

o Rugae (open to find)

o Greater and Lesser curvatures

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• Small Intestine (plicae circularis)

o Duodenum

▪ Major duodenal papilla (ampulla of Vater) and Sphincter of Oddi (these small structures from diagrams only)

o Jejunum

o Ileum

• Pancreas

o Head

o Neck

o Body

o Tail

o Pancreatic duct (diagram / model)

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• Liver

o Right and Left lobes (quadrate and caudate lobes)

o Hepatic ducts

o Common hepatic duct

• Gall Bladder

o Open to find rugae and stones if present

o Cystic Duct, Common Bile Duct, Hepatic Artery Proper, Hepatic Portal vein all found in hepatoduodenal ligament

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• Spleen

o Hilum

o Red pulp

o White pulp

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• Large Intestine (colon)

o Plica semilunaris, haustra, taenia coli, epiploic appendages

o Cecum and Vermiform Appendix

▪ Mesoappendix

o Ascending Colon

▪ Right colic (hepatic) flexure

o Transverse Colon

▪ Transverse mesocolon

o Descending Colon

▪ Left colic (splenic) flexure and phrenicocolic ligament

o Sigmoid Colon

▪ Sigmoid mesocolon

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• Kidneys

o Hilum, perirenal fat

▪ Capsule, cortex, medulla, renal columns, renal pyramids, major and minor calyx, renal pelvis, renal sinus, stones if present

o Ureters

o Renal A & V

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• Adrenal Glands

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• Abdominal Vessels

o Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

o Celiac Artery

▪ Common hepatic trunk

▪ Right gastric artery

▪ Splenic artery

o Superior Mesenteric artery

▪ Intestinal A & V

▪ Ileocolic artery

▪ Middle and right colic artery

o Inferior Mesenteric artery

▪ Left colic artery

▪ Rectal artery

▪ Sigmoidal artery

o Gonadal A & V

o Lumbar A & V

o Common Iliac A & V

o Hepatic Portal Vein

▪ Superior mesenteric vein

▪ Splenic vein

▪ Inferior Mesenteric vein

▪ Pancreaticodoudenal veins

▪ Intestinal veins

▪ Colic veins

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