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Seventh Grade ScienceStandards S7L3, S7L4 and S7L5S7L3.a Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific traitWhich of the following traits of a corn plant is LEAST influenced by the environment?HeightColor of kernelsNumber of ears producedRoot structureTraits such as an individual’s skin, hair, and eye color result from ______.One gene acting aloneOne allele from each parent acting togetherSeveral genes acting togetherOne dominant alleleWhich of the following BEST describes the purpose of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell?To store genetic instructions needed to specify traitsTo release energy by breaking down food moleculesTo transport nutrients into and out of the cellTo protect the cell from microorganismsThe figures below represent two chromosomes from an animal.Using the table below that describes the traits carried on Chromosome #6, which trait can the animal inherit only from its mother? 1905000250190Long hairBlack hairWhite hair Short hairS7L3.b Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction in organisms (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants & animals)Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring of this type of reproduction have _____.DNA that is different from the parentDNA that is identical to the DNA of the parentDNA that is incompleteOne-half of the DNA of the parentWhich of the following processes is the main way by which bacteria reproduce?Sexually, by fertilizationSexually, by binary fissionAsexually, by fertilizationAsexually, by binary fissionSingle-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use a type of _____. Asexual reproductionMutationSuccessive generations Sexual reproductionThe diagrams below represent forms of reproduction. In which form of reproduction will the offspring differ MOST from the parent?Spirogyra is a green algae that can reproduce sexually. Which of the following features identifies reproduction in Spirogyra as sexual reproduction?The cells of parent algae have nucleiEach offspring contains chloroplastsSeveral offspring may be produced at onceGenetic material is contributed by two parent cellsS7L3.c Recognize that selective breeding can produce plants or animals with desired traits10.The cows in a rancher’s herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?A. Nutrients in the cows’ foodB. Essential minerals in the cows’ waterC. Electrical impulses in the cows’ brainsD. Information in the cows’ chromosomes11.Which of the following is a process in which humans choose specific mates for organisms, such as dogs or roses, to produce organisms that have desirable traits?Selective breedingSexual reproductionGenetic typingGenetic counseling12.The Jonagold apple is a sweet, plump apple produced from a cross between Jonathan apples and Golden Delicious apples. What is this process called?CloningInbreedingHybridizationRecombination13.What happens during selective breeding?Humans cause the extinction of an organismHumans cross organisms to obtain desirable traitsHumans bring an extinct organism back into existenceHumans insert the genetic material from one organism into another14.Farmers often make observations about the traits of their plants as they practice selective breeding. A farmer might practice selective breeding to produce corn plants that _____.Use more waterAll look the sameAre resistant to diseaseCan grow human proteinsS7L4.a Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environments15.How are humans classified within a food chain?DecomposersManufacturersConsumersProducers16.The population of which of the following organisms would MOST likely decline if small animals like rats, rabbits, and snakes were eliminated from the ecosystem?EarthwormsGrassesHawksMushrooms17.Which pathway listed below shows how energy flows to birds in this food web?Snakes Rodents BirdsRodents Insects BirdsInsects Plants BirdsPlants Rodents Birds18.In a food chain, the numbers of each type of population are usually in a relatively stable combination. A diagram of a food chain is shown above. If humans interfered by spraying an insecticide to kill the insects, what would be the next thing that would happen?The number of snakes would increaseThe number of grass plants would decreaseThe number of hawks would increaseThe number of songbirds would decrease19.Which of the following organisms provides energy for more than one organism in this food web?BirdFoxMousePlant20.The primary producer in the ecosystem below is the _____.RabbitPlantHawkFox21.Which concept is best illustrated by the diagram above?The effect of limiting factors in a biomeThe exchange of CO2 and O2 in an ecosystemCycling of nutrients in a communityEnvironmental pressures on a population22.What is the role of the Orca in the marine food chain above?ProducerFirst-order consumerSecond-order consumerThird-order consumer23.The diagram below shows a food web.Members of this forest community get materials they need to survive from the ecosystem. These materials are constantly being recycled. What would happen to the population of snakes if the rabbits were suddenly removed from this ecosystem?The snake population would increaseThe snake population would not changeThe snake population would decreaseThe snake population would find more rabbits24.If elements are to be recycled between organisms and their environment, which organisms must be present?PredatorsParasitesHerbivoresDecomposersS7L4.b Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism25.Which process is the foundation for the food web?EvaporationMovementPhotosynthesisCondensation26.Chloroplasts are found only in organisms that are able to _____.Hunt for preyGrow to a larger sizeMigrate to other ecosystemsGenerate their own energy27.What is the primary source of energy for this ocean food chain?WhalesThe sunSaltOcean waves28.Why is photosynthesis important for plants?It changes plant sugar into stronger chemicalsIt collects sunlight which is used to make food for plantsIt gets rid of plant waste productsIt helps attract insects to plant flowers29.In order for energy to flow through this food web from the sun to the yellow perch, the perch must _____.Go through the process of photosynthesisEat the valve snail or the mosquito larvaLive in warmer areas of its habitatEat pond grass and algae30.What is the primary source of the energy that flows through food webs on land?ProducersSunlightOxygenPhotosynthesis31. Producers are single and multi-cellular organisms such as algae and flowering plants that make their own food. How do these organisms produce their own food?They fix nitrogen from the atmosphereThey consume other producersThey exchange DNA with other organismsThey convert sunlight into chemical energyS7L4.c Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species32.Which of these situations could cause a decrease in the number of squirrels in a population?An increase in competition with other nut-eating animalsAn increase in the squirrels’ food supplyAn increase in cooperation with birds in the areaAn increase in the squirrels’ territory33.An open-air waste water treatment plant is flooded by rain. The rainwater and the waste run into a nearby creek. The organic wastes are very high in Biological Oxidation Demand (BOD) which means the bacteria in the waste need a lot of oxygen. What is the BEST hypothesis to explain why many fish might die as a result of this event?The bacteria are eaten by the fish and are toxicThe bacteria remove the oxygen from the waterThe bacteria create toxic wastesThe bacteria eat all the food in the creek34.Black bears roam over large territories. What effect would building shopping centers in these territories have on the bears?Stabilize the black bear populationPromote an increase in black bear reproductionIntroduce a new bear population to the areaReduce the black bears’ habitat35.A coal-burning facility is constructed in an area containing several pond ecosystems. How will this human activity MOST likely affect the pond ecosystems?Organism diversity will increaseWater quality will be reducedDisease will become less commonMore nutrients will be available36. If fish in a river begin to die because of pollution, what may happen to the river ecosystem?All organisms in the ecosystem will be affected in some wayAll species of organisms in the ecosystem that rely on fish for food will starve and dieThe organisms that eat fish will reproduce fasterThe abiotic factors, but not the biotic factors, in the ecosystem will change37.All the ponds in an area dried up during a drought. Which population of animals that live in the area is MOST affected by the drought?DeerFrogHawkSquirrel38.From year to year, farmers rotate different crops in the fields to improve soil nutrients. Why is crop rotation also an effective pest management method?It allows chemicals to kill more pestsIt creates crops that are pest-resistantIt interrupts the life cycles of pestsIt allows pests to over populate39.A strip of land is cleared of trees and bushes to make space for a power line. What impact might this have on birds living in the area?The rate of erosion will decreaseWeather conditions may changeThe natural enemies of birds will be eliminatedThere will be less food and shelter40.Which of these is MOST likely harmful to an ecosystem?Planting trees in an orchardAdding floors to an office buildingBuilding new homes in a wetlandTaking away airplanes from an airport41.In 1500, there were between 60 million and 125 million American bison roaming the plains. These bison were used by Native Americans as a primary food source, but this did not have much effect on the bison population. A few hundred years later, railroad crews and settlers moving west also depended on the bison for food. By 1892, it is estimated that less than 1,000 bison were left. What were the two main causes of the near-extinction of the bison?Loss of habitat and diseaseDisease and overhuntingOverhunting and loss of habitatLoss of habitat and starvation42. The marsh willow herb is a plant native to the northeastern United States. It grows best in damp habitats. Which of the following environmental changes would MOST LIKELY cause a decrease in the marsh willow herb population in an area?A rainstorm lasting several weeksA drought lasting twelve monthsUnusually low temperatures during the month of JulyUnusually high temperatures during the month of JanuaryS7L4.d Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial43.The relationship between the algae and the frog may be described as _____.Producer ConsumerProducer DecomposerConsumer ProducerConsumer Decomposer44.All of these are consumers EXCEPT _____.ButterflyTreeWaspBullfrog45.The characteristics of a praying mantis allow it to be camouflaged by the green stems of plants. While camouflaged, a praying mantis can feed on other insects that inhabit or feed on a plant. If a praying mantis feeds on natural predators of a plant, what type of relationship is occurring between the praying mantis and the plant?CamouflageCompetitionMutualismParasitism46.Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?Ticks feeding on a dogBees transforming pollen from flowersPilot fish swimming under sharksBirds eating the insects from the back of a hippopotamusS7L4.e Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e. tropical rain forest, savannah, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e. freshwater, estuaries, and marine)47.In which of the following environments would you expect to find the greatest number of different species of plants and animals per square mile?A wheat field in North DakotaAn island near the South PoleA pasture on a Georgia farmA tropical rain forest in Panama48.Corals are small marine organisms that live in groups and make hard outer skeletons to protect their bodies. Over time, these outer skeletons can build up to make large coral reefs. Which of the following statements BEST describes one way the formation of a coral reef changes the ocean ecosystem?It makes the ocean water saltierIt removes sand from the ocean floorIt causes ocean waves to become strongerIt creates a habitat for some ocean animals49.Which of these BEST enables this animal to rid its body of excess heat in a hot desert environment?Its furIts flexible feetIts large earsIts dark color50.In which biome is this food web MOST LIKELY to be found?ForestDesertGrasslandTropical Rain Forest51.In which area are you most likely to find plants that can tolerate water that has a constantly changing salt content?A freshwater streamAn estuaryA pondA coral reefS7L5.a Explain that physical characteristics of organisms have changed over successive generations (e.g. Darwin’s finches and peppered moths of Manchester)52.Finches found on the isolated Galapagos Island are different species with different beak sizes and shapes, but are otherwise similar to a finch species found on the South American mainland. What might be the cause of the differences in the development of the beaks of these Galapagos finches?The different types of food available on the islandsThe type of predators found on the islandsThe original source of the finchesThe differences in the types of nests the birds built53.Changes in DNA are known as mutations and can sometimes produce beneficial changes in populations. A mutant form of the normally light-colored peppered moth is dark colored. The dark-colored moth blends in with soot-covered trees in heavily polluted areas. Why would the dark-colored mutation be beneficial in a polluted area?Dark-colored moths produce more young than light-colored mothsDark-colored moths taste bad to most of their predatorsDark-colored moths can’t be seen well by predatorsDark-colored moths have a shorter life span than light-colored moths54. Charles Darwin noticed that finches on different islands of the Galapagos Islands were similar but that their beaks differed. What explanation for these differences did he propose?The beaks of the finches are adapted to the way the bird usually gets foodSpecific genetic mutations occur that make beak size change in response to random selection factorsThe different beaks of the finches would one day evolve into identical beaksBeak size is related to the size of the finch55. There are three species of birds on an island. Bird A has a heavy bill for eating seeds. Bird B has a pointed bill for eating insects. Bird C has a sharp bill for eating insects and seeds. If all insects suddenly disappeared, which bird or birds would be the LEAST affected?Bird ABird BBird CBird A and Bird BS7L5.b Describe ways in which species on earth have evolved due to natural selection56.In winter, the arctic fox has white fur. In summer, its fur changes color to brown and gray. The change in fur color helps the arctic fox to _____.MateHibernateHideRun57.The ermine is a small animal that lives along riverbanks and in forests. During the spring and summer, it grows a brown coat. It sheds the brown coat during the autumn and grows a white one. This change of color in the ermine’s coat allows it to _____.Hide from predatorsFind food more easilyAttract a mateLocate a water supply58.Which of the following is an example of natural selection?Bears moving into a new part of a forest over many generationsA tree growing towards sunlightShrubs growing longer thorns over many generationsA plant growing between rocks59.Which of the seeds shown above is probably carried by animals?MilkweedMapleDandelionCocklebur60. Which of the following factors is necessary in order for natural selection to occur in a species?Genetic variation within a populationAn abundance of food resourcesA hospitable environmentA strong family structure61.The picture above shows some caddis fly larvae. These larvae cover themselves with small twigs and pebbles. What is the advantage of this behavior?They can eat the twigsThey are able to keep warmThey can crawl on the bottom of creeksThey are hidden from predators62.Which of the following characteristics will BEST prevent a tree from being blown over by high winds during a storm?Deep rootsLong branchesThick barkWide leaves63.The picture below shows a flower with a long, slender bloom.The size and shape of a bird’s beak are related to the type of food that the bird eats. Which of the following beaks is suitable for drinking nectar located deep within flowers such as the one shown above?64.The eyespots on this butterfly’s wings allow it to _____.Stay warmLocate nectar-filled flowersFly away quicklyFrighten or confuse enemies65.Two populations have evolved into two species when _____.The populations adaptThe populations are separatedThe populations look differentThe populations can no longer interbreedS7L5.c Explain how the fossil record found in sedimentary rock provides evidence for the long history of changing life forms66. A researcher found shark fossils on top of a mountain. This evidence suggests which of the following about this region?It was once below a waterfallIt was once part of a riverbedIt was once covered by an oceanIt was once near a freshwater lake67.The diagram above shows the changes over time in the horse. Evidence for these changes MOST likely came from _____.Modern horsesHypotheses of scientistsCarbon datingThe fossil record68.What MOST likely happened to species that are found in the fossil record but have no living members?They had offspring of a different speciesThey never really existedThey became extinctThey mutated into another species69. A scientist is studying fossils from different layers of sedimentary rock. Which rock layer will contain fossils that most closely resemble present-day organisms?Older rock layersNewer rock layersAll of the rock layersNone of the rock layers70.Why do scientists compare fossils with living organisms?To support the idea that organisms do not share ancestorsTo support the idea that organisms have changed over timeTo support the idea that organisms do not change over timeTo support the idea that there are no new organisms to discover ................
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