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-100330-178435003429000-57150000-457200-4572000027432002540000-4572009842600-457200679450048399709715500Name: Period:228600711200056285991272370011430007112000Aquatic Ecosystems Video Notes Prior Knowledge: Complete the “K” and “W” Sections of the K-W-L. Complete the “L” section when prompted in this lesson. Aquatic Ecosystems K-W-LKWhat I KnowWQuestions I Have LWhat I Learned During This LessonAfter EVERY Video Write 1-2 Things You Learned HEREAquatic Ecosystems Notes Aquatic ecosystems can be or ___________________________account for of Earth’s water.Only of all water on Earth is Only about of all freshwater on Earth is for human useRivers and Streams:Near the source there is plant life, but a Downstream build and plants establish themselves.Lakes and Ponds: Food webs are based on Water flows in and out and can between the surface and the bottom.Water circulation distributes Freshwater Wetlands: Water saturates the soil Includes bogs, marshes and swamps. Water may in place.Nutrient rich, highly productive, and serve as for many organisms.Purifies water by Prevents by absorbing large amounts of water. Estuaries are very important ecosystems where Affected by Light reaches the bottom to power Serves as for ecologically and commercially important fish and shellfish species. Intertidal Ecosystems Think “” at high tide and at low anisms are adapted to: Chemical Abiotic Factors: Geographical Abiotic Factors: Dissolved OxygenThe amount of is called dissolved oxygen (DO).DO determine the of organisms.Oxygen enters the water through DO as water temperature and salinity increase.pHPure water has a pH of Freshwater has a pH of Saltwater has a pH of Organisms need a steady pHRainwater reacts with to create acid rain.Acid rain and harms organisms. Carbon DioxideWhen oceans absorb Carbon Dioxide, the reaction that takes place produces , which the the pH of seawater.Increased Carbon Dioxide:Causes Interferes with corals and other shell-making animals to make Shell animals and species of occupy important spots in the ocean food web. Nitrogen and PhosphorusNitrogen and Phosphorus are that support plant growth.Excess nutrients cause Algae Blooms:Produce that make organisms ill.Are often caused by Severely , leading to illnesses in fish and the death of large numbers of fish.SalinitySalinity refers to the amount of dissolved in water.Freshwater ecosystems have a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt.Salinity levels are influenced by: Aquatic organisms are adapted to ocean water that is in a certain salinity range.Salinity plays a critical role in the and Amount of LightWater depth strongly affects aquatic life in oceans and deep lakes because can penetrate only a distance under water.Zones are classified by the amount of sunlight they receive: Photic Zone - “The Sunlit Zone” Depth:Depending on if it is a lake, ocean, or swamp, the photic zone can reach a few to 200 meters deep.Microscopic organisms who live here: – free floating , ex. photosynthetic algae – free floating that eat phytoplankton & is generally the step in aquatic food webs. Disphotic Zone - “The Twilight Zone”So little light enters here that it is invisible to the human eye. Depth depends on how the water is. and other objects can cloud the water, blocking light. Adaptions of Organisms : Aphotic Zone - “The Midnight Zone” Deepest darkest zoneNo Most of the food in this zone comes from to the bottom.Adaptions of Organisms: TopographyTopography is the Different organisms are to live at different elevations.There are many shapes of geographic features such as Currents, Temperatures, and CirculationAquatic Ecosystems are near the equator and near the poles. water is colder than water.Currents in deep lakes and oceans affect Currents can carry warmer or cooler water than usual for any from shore.Aquatic Ecosystems PowerPoint Notes Answer Key1. Ecosystems are areas of living and non-living things interacting with each other.Aquatic ecosystems can be marine or freshwater. 2. Oceans account for 97% of Earth’s water.Only 3% of all water on Earth is freshwater.Only about 1% of all freshwater on Earth is easily accessible for human use.3. Freshwater Ecosystems are classified into three main categories:Rivers and StreamsLakes and PondsFreshwater Wetlands4. Rivers and Streams:Near the source there is little plant life, but a lot of dissolved oxygen.Downstream, sediments build and plants establish themselves.5. Lakes and Ponds: Food webs are based on plankton, algae, and plants. Water flows in and out and can circulate between the surface and the bottom.Water circulation distributes heat, oxygen, and nutrients. 6. Freshwater Wetlands: Water saturates the soil at least part of the year. Includes bogs, marshes and swamps. Water may flow or stay in place.Nutrient rich, highly productive, and serve as breeding grounds for many organisms.Purifies water by filtering pollutants.Prevents flooding by absorbing large amounts of water.7. Estuaries are very important ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater. Affected by tidesLight reaches the bottom to power photosynthesisServes as spawning and nursery grounds for ecologically and commercially important fish and shellfish species. 8. Estuaries are classified in two different categories: Freshwater SaltmarshesMangrove SwampsFreshwater Saltmarshes: temperate estuaries with salt tolerant plants.Mangrove swamps: tropical estuaries with salt tolerant mangrove trees. 9. Marine Ecosystems are saltwater systems and can be classified into three types:Intertidal Ecosystems - Close to ShoreCoastal Ocean Ecosystems - Farther from ShoreOpen Ocean Ecosystems - Farthest from ShoreClassification of these marine ecosystems is based on depth and distance from shore. 10. Intertidal Ecosystems Think “seashore”Submerged at high tide and exposed at low anisms are adapted to:WavesCurrentsExtreme temperature changes11. Coastal Open Ocean EcosystemsArea from the low-tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf. Examples of Coast Open Ecosystems:kelp forestscoral reefs12. Open Ocean EcosystemsThe area begins at the end of the continental shelf and outward.90% of the world’s oceans are considered open oceans. 13. Chemical Abiotic Factors:pHDissolved GasNutrientsSalinty14. Geographical Abiotic Factors:Light and DepthTemperature and CurrentsTopography 15. Dissolved OxygenThe amount of oxygen dissolved in water is called dissolved oxygen (DO).DO determine the abundance and types of organisms.Oxygen enters the water through diffusion or photosynthesis. DO decreases as water temperature and salinity increase.16. pHPure water has a pH of 7Freshwater has a pH of 6-8Saltwater has a pH of 7.5-8.4Organisms need a steady pHRainwater reacts with air pollution to create acid rainAcid rain lowers the pH and harms organisms.17. Carbon DioxideWhen oceans absorb Carbon Dioxide, the reaction that takes place produces carbonic acid, which the lowers the pH of seawater.Increased Carbon Dioxide:Causes ocean acidificationInterferes with corals and other shell-making animals to make shells and skeletons.Shell animals and species of phytoplankton occupy important spots in the ocean food web. 18. Nitrogen and PhosphorusNitrogen and Phosphorus are limiting nutrients that support plant growth.Excess nutrients cause algae blooms.Algae Blooms:Produce bacteria and toxins that make organisms ill.Are often caused by nutrient run-offSeverely reduce dissolved oxygen, leading to illnesses in fish and the death of large numbers of fish.19. SalinitySalinity refers to the amount of salt dissolved in water.Freshwater ecosystems have a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt.Salinity levels are influenced by:RainfallEvaporationSaltwater intrusionWindMelting of glaciersAquatic organisms are adapted to ocean water that is in a certain salinity range.Salinity plays a critical role in the water cycle and ocean circulation.20. Amount of LightWater depth strongly affects aquatic life in oceans and deep lakes because sunlight can penetrate only a short distance under water.Zones are classified by the amount of sunlight they receive:Photic ZoneDisphotic ZoneAphotic Zone21. Photic Zone - “The Sunlit Zone” Depth:Depending on if it is a lake, ocean, or swamp, the photic zone can reach a few to 200 meters deep.Microscopic organisms who live here:Phytoplankton – free floating plants, ex. photosynthetic algaeZooplankton – free floating animals that eat phytoplankton & is generally the first step in aquatic food webs. 22. Disphotic Zone - “The Twilight Zone”So little light enters here that it is invisible to the human eye. Depth depends on how clear the water is.Sediments and other objects can cloud the water, blocking light. Adaptions of Organisms :Bioluminescence Larger MouthsUpturned EyesOpportunistic Feeders23. Aphotic Zone - “The Midnight Zone” Deepest darkest zoneNo photosynthesis Most of the food in this zone comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom.Adaptions of Organisms:BioluminescenceLateral LinesLarger Eyes24. Benthic Zone – “Bottom Zone”All Aquatic Ecosystems Have Benthic ZonesAreas of rock and sediments on the bottoms aquatic ecosystems. Organisms that live in benthic zones are called benthos.If the benthic zone is in the photic zone, algae and aquatic plants can grow.If the benthic zone is in the aphotic zone, chemosynthetic autotrophs are the only primary producers. 25. TopographyTopography is the arrangement of physical features in an ecosystems. Different organisms are adapted to live at different elevations.There are many shapes of geographic features such as Cliffs RocksShelves Trenches26. Currents, Temperatures, and CirculationAquatic Ecosystems are warmer near the equator and colder near the poles.Deeper water is colder than surface water.Currents in deep lakes and oceans affect water temperature. Currents can carry warmer or cooler water than usual for any latitude, depth, or distance from shore.-457200-45720000 ................
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