Acids and Bases Overview Chemistry 362
Acids and Bases Overview Chemistry 362
MIT 3091 Video Lecture: Acids and Bases on You Tube
solutions/26-acids-and-bases/
Acid-Base properties
Focused on water and protons and hydroxide ions: Protic Acids: compounds that ionize to add to H+ ion concentration of Water. Bases: compounds that increase OH- concentration of water.
Svante August Arrhenius
1859 ? 1927
Arrhenius' concept based on water
Arrhenius, 1880s: Acids form hydrogen ions H+(H2O)n in aqueous solution. Bases form hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
Examples of Arrhenius acids (in water): HCl, H2SO4, etc. Examples of Arrhenius bases (in water): NaOH, NH3, etc.
Arrhenius definitions only apply to aqueous solutions.
A general Arrhenius acid-base reaction is the reaction between H+ and OH- to
produce water.
A Neutralization Reaction
Acid + Base
Salt + Water
H+ + NO3- + K+ + OH-
K+ + NO3- + H2O
pH, pOH and other pBeasts
In general, pX = -log10(X)
pH = -log[H+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pK = -logK
In pure water, pH = pOH = 7
In acidic solution, pH 7
In basic solutions, pH > 7, pOH < 7
Since pH + pOH = 14, either value is sufficient to describe both [H+] and [OH-]
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