Skills Worksheet Active Reading

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Skills Worksheet

Active Reading

Section: Water Resources

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Most of the fresh water that is available for human use cannot be seen--it exists underground. When it rains, some of the water that falls onto the land flows into lakes and streams. But much of the water percolates through the soil and down into the rocks beneath. Water stored beneath the Earth's surface in sediment and rock formations is called groundwater.

As water travels beneath the Earth's surface, it eventually reaches a level where the rocks and soil are saturated with water. This level is known as the water table. In wet regions, the water table may be at the Earth's surface and a spring of fresh water may flow out onto the ground. But in deserts, the water table may be hundreds of meters beneath the Earth's surface. The water table is actually not as level as its name implies. The water table has peaks and valleys that match the shape of the land above it. Just as surface water flows downhill, groundwater tends to flow slowly from the peaks of the water table to the valleys.

IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS

One reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. The main idea is the main focus or key idea. Frequently, a main idea is accompanied by supporting information that offers detailed facts about main ideas.

Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.

1. Where is most fresh water that is available for human consumption found?

2. How does water get beneath Earth's surface after it rains?

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.

3. Water stored in sediments and rocks beneath Earth's surface is called

. 4. The level where rocks and soil become saturated with water is called

.

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Active Reading continued

SEQUENCING INFORMATION One reading skill is the ability to sequence information, or to logically place items or events in the order in which they occur. Read each question and write the answer in the space provided to show the sequence of the process in which groundwater is formed.

5. Water that will become groundwater falls on the surface of Earth when

.

6. Water first percolates through the

.

7. Then, water reaches the

beneath.

8. Eventually, the water reaches the and soil are already

, where the rocks with water.

RECOGNIZING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES One reading skill is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between two phrases, ideas, or things. This is sometimes known as comparing and contrasting. Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.

9. Why is a water table not like a table in your home?

10. Explain the difference between water tables in wet and desert regions.

RECOGNIZING CAUSE AND EFFECT One reading skill is the ability to recognize cause and effect. Read each question and write the answer in the space provided. 11. What movement occurs with groundwater? What causes this movement?

12. Why might a spring flow out of the ground in a wet region?

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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Answer Key

Concept Review

MATCHING

1. e

5. c

2. b

6. f

3. d

7. g

4. a

8. h

MULTIPLE CHOICE

9. b

15. b

10. d

16. b

11. c

17. c

12. d

18. a

13. b

19. b

14. d

20. d

Critical Thinking

ANALOGIES 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. b 7. b

INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS 8. All water that is used for consumption

could be treated to remove a portion of the arsenic by using alum. 9. Accept all reasonable responses. Arsenic may be naturally occurring in the soil where groundwater collects. The arsenic could contaminate the water supply. 10. Microorganisms in the surface water may be eliminated via chlorination. People living in the areas with arseniccontaminated well water could drink the surface water, once it has been chlorinated.

AGREE OR DISAGREE 11. Possible answer: Disagree; water

exists as a solid, liquid, and a gas. Surface and groundwater exist as a liquid. Water in icebergs and glaciers exist as a solid. Water vapor in the atmosphere is a gas.

12. Possible answer: Agree; drip irrigation conserves water that is used for irrigation because it reduces the amount that is lost due to evaporation. This improves the efficiency of the farm by reducing the amount of water that is used. This is especially important if the water must be purchased.

13. Possible answer: Agree; aquifers are sensitive because they can be easily contaminated but it is very difficult to clean up the contamination. It can take many years for an aquifer to recover.

REFINING CONCEPTS 14. Possible answer: flood control, drink-

ing water source, and obtaining fertile farmland 15. Possible answer: Diverting a river will change the ecosystem in the newly flooded and the previously flooded areas, eliminate the water supply for people downstream, and create tension between the people upstream and downstream of the river. 16. Possible answer: The water may not be safely consumed but it can be used for construction, manufacturing processes, and some agricultural processes. 17. Possible answer: It is difficult to stop or reduce nonpoint-source pollution because the pollution comes from many sources. These sources may be in various jurisdictions where the laws vary or enforcement is difficult.

Active Reading

SECTION: WATER RESOURCES 1. underground 2. It percolates through the soil. 3. groundwater 4. water table 5. it rains 6. soil 7. rocks

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8. water table; saturated 9. A water table has peaks and valleys

like the land above it. It is not flat like a dining table. 10. A water table in a wet region is likely to be near the surface of Earth, and springs may flow out of the ground. A water table in the desert may be far below Earth's surface. 11. It flows downhill. Underground peaks and valleys cause this movement. 12. The water table is near the surface of Earth.

SECTION: WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. to manufacture goods, to dispose of

waste, and to generate power 6. aluminum, cars, computer chips, and

semiconductors 7. water is pumped from a water source,

such as a river or lake 8. water travels through pipes in a cooling

tower 9. water is pumped back into the source 10. c 11. d

SECTION: WATER POLLUTION 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a large floating mat of algae 5. Eutrophication occurs naturally; artifi-

cial eutrophication has the same results as eutrophication but is caused by human activity. 6. humans 7. inorganic plant nutrients enter the water from sewage and fertilizer runoff 8. fertilizer from farms, lawns, and gardens 9. phosphates in laundry and dishwashing detergents 10. phosphorus 11. Most of the dissolved oxygen in the water is used as the algae dies and decompose, so the fish suffocate.

Map Skills

1. Arctic Ocean; Inuvik 2. St. Lawrence River 3. They are all located near water. 4. Answers may vary but should involve

proximity to waterways such as the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, as well as the city's proximity to major U.S. industrial areas and cities.

Quiz

SECTION: WATER RESOURCES

Matching

Multiple Choice

1. b

6. b

2. c

7. c

3. e

8. d

4. a

9. c

5. d

10. a

SECTION: WATER USE AND

MANAGEMENT

Matching

Multiple Choice

1. a

6. b

2. c

7. c

3. b

8. a

4. e

9. d

5. d

10. b

SECTION: WATER POLLUTION

Matching

Multiple Choice

1. c

6. c

2. e

7. a

3. d

8. b

4. b

9. d

5. a

10. a

Chapter Test General

MATCHING

1. e

5. g

2. d

6. a

3. b

7. c

4. f

8. h

MULTIPLE CHOICE

9. a

15. b

10. c

16. b

11. b

17. c

12. a

18. d

13. c

19. a

14. d

20. d

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