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Dementia Care:?Social Work Practice InterventionsAdler, G. (2010). Social worker’s knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding driving and dementia. Social Work in Health Care, 49(6), 551-564.Drivers with dementia present a significant public safety concern. One hundred fifty-two social workers who worked with persons with dementia responded to questionnaires regarding their knowledge and beliefs. The majority believed that they were knowledgeable about driving-related issues and could assist persons with dementia and their families in dealing with their mobility concerns. However, those social workers who reported that driving issues were a difficult topic to address reported that they were less likely to raise driving issues into their practice with persons with dementia.Byrne, L., & MacKinlay, E. (2012). Seeking meaning: Making art and the experience of spirituality in dementia care. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 24(1-2), 105-119.Although many programs are offered in residential care home settings for people with dementia, little is known about their effectiveness. This article reports on 15 older adults with dementia and depression who participated in a weekly person-centered art making group program over an 18-month period with a three-month follow up. The authors emphasized the benefits of engaging persons with dementia in art making processes.Camp, C. J., & Lee, M. M. (2011). Montessori-Based activities as a transgenerational interface for persons with dementia and preschool children. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 9(4), 366-373.Montessori-based activities for persons with dementia have been successfully providing intergenerational care opportunities for older adults and preschool children. These one-on-one interactions allow older adults with dementia to play a role as teachers/mentors or workmates to children. This paper reviews several Montessori-based studies and describes the characteristics of the programs, their participants, and their outcomes. The authors make several recommendations for practitioners who are interested in experimenting with these types of programs for persons with dementia.Dupuis, S. L., Gillies, J., Carson, J., & Whyte, C. (2012). Moving beyond patient and client approaches: Mobilizing ‘authentic partnerships’ in dementia care, support, and services. Dementia, 11(4), 427-452.In the 1940s, Carl Rogers introduced a client-/person-centered approach in the care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias. However, Roger’s intent has been lost. Client-centered care has been replaced by more paternalistic approaches and persons with dementia are not always involved in decision-making. Based on the authors’ direct clinical work experience with persons with dementia, family members and professionals, and persons with dementia are viewed as equal partners in the context of dementia care, support, and formal services.Fabbre, V. D., Buffington, A. S., Altfeld, S. J., Shier, G. E., & Golden, R. L. (2011). Social work and transitions of care: Observations from an intervention for older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 54(6), 615-626.Based on social work interventions, this paper presents practice perspectives on the transition of older adults from hospital to home. An analysis of interviews with social workers who managed 356 cases (n = 3) and a review of their clinical notes (n =?581) identified salient themes relevant to care transitions. The client system needed to be expanded and the relationship building between clients and social workers was essential for effective care transitions.Kaplan, D. B., & Andersen, T. C. (2013). The transformative potential of social work's evolving practice in dementia care. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 56(2), 164-176.Despite the opportunities that social workers have to improve quality of life for people with dementia and their families, practice with this population and its competencies are not well defined. Instead, social workers’ roles are often based on a biomedical disease model of dementia. This paper examines the history of social work practice focused on aging and dementia in the 20th century. The authors make suggestions regarding how the social workers can promote and improve services for persons with dementia.Kutzleben, M. V., Schmid, W., Halek, M., Holle, B., & Bartholomeyczik, S. (2012). Community-dwelling persons with dementia: What do they need? What do they demand? What do they do? A systematic review on the subjective experiences of persons with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 16(3), 378-390.This paper is a systematic literature review of six articles which cover the needs of person with dementia, their subjective demands, and coping strategies. The authors maintain that the needs and demands of persons with dementia are similar to those of patients with other chronic conditions. Major themes included clients’ coming to terms with the disease, maintaining normality and the need for continuous support and counseling. Not only is disclosure of diagnosis critical for persons with dementia, but most persons with dementia wanted to be included when creating their care plans.Landau, R., & Werner, S. (2012). Ethical aspects of using GPS for tracking people with dementia: Recommendations for practice. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(3), 358-66.Mobility outside the home such as being able to drive or take public transportation is a common behavioral issue among people with dementia. Assistive technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can help; however, these devices raise ethical concerns. The authors recommend that the decision to use the device should involve persons with dementia, their family members, and a professional that takes into consideration the preferences and the best interest of individuals with dementia.McClive-Reed, K. P., & Gellis, Z. D. (2010). Anxiety and related symptoms in older persons with dementia: Directions for practice. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 54(1), 6-28.Older people with dementia often experience anxiety disorders and related symptoms that have a significant negative impact on their quality of life. In this literature review, McClive-Reed and Gellis examine the extent of the problem and current best intervention practices in persons with dementia. The authors recommend non-pharmacological interventions for consideration and point to the importance of future research on interventions with persons with dementia.Pashby, P., Hann, J., & Sunico, M. E. S. (2009). Dementia care planning: Shared experience and collaboration. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52(8), 837-848.This paper explored the challenges faced by family caregivers and healthcare providers in dementia caregiving and their needed supports. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were used. The results identified that families and healthcare providers can be partners in planning dementia care if they are placed in an environment that encourages participation and cooperation, allowing them to communicate effectively about their experiences and approaches to care.Putnam, M., Pickard, J. G., Rodriguez, C., & Shear, E. (2010). Stakeholder perspectives on policies to support family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Journal of Family Social Work, 13(2), 173-190.Consumer-directed home- and community-based service programs often exclude persons with dementia because of the lack of their decision-making capability, and surrogates may participate on their behalf. This study explored family caregivers’ perspectives on caregiving policies on access to home- and community-based services, as well as the potential benefits of a consumer-directed service model for people with dementia. The authors conducted focus groups with family caregivers (N = 25) in eastern Missouri. Caregivers recommended an option of surrogates’ decision-making within consumer-directed care supporting family-centered care models in home- and community-based dementia care.Sanders, S., & Swails, P. (2011). A quest for meaning: Hospice social workers and patients with end-stage dementia. Social Work, 56(2), 129-140.The needs of people with early- and middle-stage dementia have been studied in depth. However, little is known about people with end-stage dementia, especially how hospice social workers form therapeutic relationships with patients with severe cognitive impairment. A focus group study with social workers revealed barriers to and strategies for forming meaningful relationships as well as the types of training needed to strengthen their practice skills when dealing with severely cognitively impaired populations.Spector, A., Gardner, C., & Orrell, M. (2011). The impact of cognitive stimulation therapy groups on people with dementia: Views from participants, their carers and group. Aging & Mental Health, 15(8), 945-949.This paper reported the improvements experienced by people with dementia, their caregivers, and group facilitators who participated in Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) clinical trials. These three groups of participants were interviewed and attended focus groups. Participation in the CST group positively influenced participants’ emotions, as well as provided cognitive benefits to the majority of them. These findings are congruent with previous quantitative findings.Turner, D. (2013). Identity, selfhood, and dementia: Messages for social work. European Journal of Social Work, 16(2), 155-170.Given the projected increase in the number of people with dementia globally, working with these patients is emerging as a prominent area of practice for social workers. However, the efforts to maintain patients’ identity and selfhood have received little attention within the domain of social work. Turner reviews research on the experiences of people with dementia and discusses the needs of social workers for additional training in order to conduct meaningful practice in their intervention, communication, assessment, and support arrangements.Worden, A., Challis, D., Hancock, G., Woods, R., & Orrell, M. (2008). Identifying need in care homes for people with dementia: The relationship between two standard assessment tools. Aging & Mental Health, 12(6), 719-728.The authors compared two assessment tools often used in care homes, the CANE and the Minimum Data Set/Resident Assessment Instrument, regarding the extent of their agreement in assessing patients with dementia. While measures such as behavior, psychological wellbeing, mood state, psychotic symptoms, incontinence, mobility, and inadvertent self-harm (risk) were found to be in agreement, many other items showed little agreement. The study concludes that the choice of assessment tool should be determined by the setting, the needs of the population, the examiners’ skills, and the purpose of the assessment. ................
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