A Guide to the Classification of Hazardous Chemicals Under ...



A Guide to the Classification of Hazardous Chemicals Under the WHS RegulationsAnswer sheetExample 1 – pH IndicatorGHS Classification(s)Acute toxicity – Oral: Category 3Carcinogenicity: Category 2Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Skull and CrossbonesHealth hazardHazard statement(s)(and codes)H301 Toxic if swallowedH351 Suspected of causing cancerExample 2 – Disinfecting agentGHS Classification(s)Oxidising solids: Category 2Acute toxicity – Oral: Category 4Acute aquatic toxicity: Category 1Chronic aquatic toxicity: Category 1Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Flame over circleExclamation markEnvironmentHazard statement(s)(and codes)H272 May intensify fire; oxidiserH302 Harmful if swallowedH400 Very toxic to aquatic lifeH410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects(or can combine H400 + H410 ≡ H410)Example 3 – Plastics starting materialGHS Classification(s)Carcinogenicity: Category 1BAcute toxicity – Inhalation: Category 3Acute toxicity – Dermal: Category 3Acute toxicity – Oral: Category 3Flammable liquids: Category 3Skin corrosion: Category 1BSkin sensitisation: Category 1Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Health hazardSkull and crossbonesFlameCorrosionHazard statement(s)(and codes)H350 May cause cancerH301+H311+H331 Toxic if inhaled, in contact with skin and if swallowed (or individually)H226 Flammable liquid and vapourH314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damageH317 May cause an allergic skin reactionExample 4 – Bulk supply of solventGHS Classification(s)Flammable liquids: Category 2Carcinogenicity: Category 1AGerm cell mutagenicity: Category 1BSpecific target organ toxicity – Repeated Exposure: Category 1Aspiration hazard: Category 1Eye irritation: Category 2ASkin irritation: Category 2Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)FlameDG Class 3Health hazardExclamation markHazard statement(s)(and codes)H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapourH350 May cause cancerH340 May cause genetic defectsH372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposureH304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airwaysH315 Causes skin irritationH319 Causes serious eye irritationExample 5 – Compressed gasGHS Classification(s)Gases under pressure: Compressed gasAcute toxicity – Inhalation: Category 3Skin corrosion: Category 1BAcute aquatic toxicity: Category 1Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Gas cylinderSkull and crossbonesCorrosionEnvironmentHazard statement(s)(and codes)H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heatedH331 Toxic if inhaledH314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damageH400 Very toxic to aquatic lifeExample 6 – HerbicideGHS Classification(s)Acute toxicity – Dermal: Cat. 2Acute toxicity – Oral: Cat. 2Reproductive toxicity: Cat. 1BAcute aquatic toxicity: Cat. 1Chronic aquatic toxicity: Cat. 1Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Health hazardSkull and crossbonesEnvironmentHazard statement(s)(and codes)H300+H310 Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skinH360 May damage the unborn childH410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effectsAUH044 Risk of explosion if heated under confinementExample 7 – Alcohol:water cleaning solutionGHS Classification(s)Flammable liquids: Category 2Eye irritation: Category 2ASpecific target organ toxicity – Single Exposure: Category 3Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)FlameExclamation markHazard statement(s)(and codes)H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapourH319 Causes serious eye irritationH336 May cause drowsiness or dizzinessExample 8 – Insecticide preparationThe formulation as developed meant it was neither classified as a hazardous substance under the Approved Criteria as the concentration of the active ingredient is below the cut-off level or as dangerous goods under the ADG Code. The GHS classification for pyroglusinate can be easily determined. The other ingredients are non-hazardous and do not add to the overall classification, so can be ignored for classification purposes.Classification of pyroglusinate (pure compound) is:Acute toxicity – Inhalation, Oral, Dermal: Cat. 4 (Harmful if inhaled, in contact with the skin or if swallowed).STOT – RE: Cat. 2 (Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure if swallowed or in contact with the skin)Reproductive toxicity: Category 1A (May damage fertility; May cause harm to the unborn child)The final classification of the mixture is:Acute toxicity: The level is below the relevant ingredients level of 1% and so mixture is not classifiable into this classification.Reproductive toxicity: Applying the relevant cut-off limit, the mixture is classified as Category 1A (≥ 0.3 % for category 1)Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated Exposure: Applying the relevant cut-off limit, the mixture is not classifiable as STOT – RE. Overall GHS labelling elementsGHS Classification(s)Reproductive toxicity: Category 1Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)Health hazardHazard statement(s)(and codes)H360 May damage fertility or the unborn childExample 9 – Rust removing preparationIssues:Direct translation of risk phrases could result in incorrect classification. This is because the cut-off values in the GHS for chemicals with a corrosive effect are significantly different from those chemicals classified to the Approved Criteria. This would result in under-classification in this instance. Acid components are not necessarily subjected to additivity principles when classifying.How to obtain classification:The classification of the mixture can be derived by considering the Approved Criteria classification of the individual components (which have been given). These should be converted into their individual GHS classification and the mixture classified appropriately using the cut-off concentrations to obtain an overall classification.Because the mixture itself has been classified as an environmental hazard, this classification can be taken through to the final classification.The surfactant is not classified as a hazardous substance. It can be assumed they are not relevant to the overall classification for the purposes of this exercise. Acid component 1:The GHS classification is as given aboveAcid component 2:The GHS classification is as given aboveOverall GHS classification:Classify the more/most severe categories first – this can save time as it often means that lower categories do not need to be considered.Skin corrosion: According to cut-off concentrations, Acid component 2 will classify the mixture as Skin corrosion: Category 1B (keep the 1B denotation). We can stop here for corrosive effects as this category also includes serious eye damage. All skin corrosives are presumed to also cause serious eye damage (unless you have data to prove otherwise). There is no need to classify the skin irritation effect of acid component 1 because component 2 places it into the most severe category.STOT – SE: The GHS suggests a cut-off limit of 20% for these effects. Acid component 2 is below this level, therefore the mixture is not classified in this category.Acute toxicity: Applying the ATE formula to the mixture, an estimated LC50 of 19 500 mg/kg is given. This means the overall acute toxicity of the mixture is not classified.Eye damage/irritation: According to the cut-off limits for Serious eye damage (see example 7), any eye damage or skin corrosion category 1 ingredients equal to or over 3% is enough to classify a mixture as Serious eye damage: Category 1.The overall classification for the mixture is given in the table below.GHS Classification(s)Skin corrosion: Category 1B(Serious eye damage: Category 1)Acute aquatic toxicity: Category 3Chronic aquatic toxicity: Category 3Signal WordDANGERPictogram(s)CorrosionHazard statement(s)(and codes)H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damageH402 + H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects ................
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