Windows PowerShell Cookbook
Windows PowerShell Cookbook
Lee Holmes
O'REILLY'
Beijing ? Cambridge ? Farnham ? Koln ? Paris ? Sebastopol ? Taipei ? Tokyo
Table of Contents
Foreword
xvii
Preface
xxi
Part I.
Tour
A Guided Tour of Windows PowerShell
Introduction
An Interactive Shell
Structured Commands (Cmdlets)
Deep Integration of Objects "
Administrators As First-Class Users
Composable Commands
.
Techniques to Protect You from Yourself
Common Discovery Commands '
Ubiquitous Scripting
Ad Hoc Development
Bridging Technologies
Namespace Navigation Through Providers
Much, Much More
Part II.
3
?
9
3
4
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
12
14
16
Fundamentals
1. The Windows PowerShell Interactive Shell
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Run Programs, Scripts, and Existing Tools
1.2 Run a PowerShell Command
19
19
19
21
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
Customize Your Shell, Profile, and Prompt
22
Find a Command to Accomplish a Task
25
Get Help on a Command
26
Program: Search Help for Text
28
Invoke a PowerShell Script From Outside PowerShell
29
Program: Retain Changes to Environment Variables Set by a Batch File30
Get the System Date and Time
32
Determine the Status of the Last Command
33
Measure the Duration of a Command
34
Customize the Shell to Improve Your Productivity
35
Program: Learn Aliases for Common Commands
36
Access and Manage Your Console History
38
Store the Output of a Command into a File
39
Add Information to the End of a File
41
Record a Transcript of Your Shell Session
41
Display the Properties of an Item As a List
42
Display the Properties of an Item As a Table
42
Manage the Error Output of Commands
44
Configure Debug, Verbose, and Progress Output
45
Extend Your Shell with Additional Snapins
47
Use Console Files to Load and Save Sets of Snapins
48
2. Pipelines
*.
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Filter Items in a List or Command Output
2.2 Program: Simplify Most Where-Object Filters
2.3 Program: Interactively Filter Lists of Objects
2.4 Work with Each Item in a List or Command Output
2.5 Automate Data-Intensive Tasks
.
49
49
50
51
52
54
56
3. Variables and Objects
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Store Information in Variables
3.2 Access Environment Variables
3.3 Control Access and Scope of Variables and Other Items
3.4 Work with .NET Objects
3.5 Create an Instance of a .NET Object
3.6 Program: Create Instances of Generic Objects
3.7 Reduce Typing for Long Class Names
61
61
62
63
65
67
71
73
74
Table of Contents
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
Use a COM Object
Learn About Types and Objects
Get Detailed Documentation About Types and Objects
Add Custom Methods and Properties to Objects
Add Custom Methods and Properties to Types
4. Looping and Flow Control
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
Introduction
Create a String
Create a Multiline or Formatted String
Place Special Characters in a String
Insert Dynamic Information in a String '
Prevent a String from Including Dynamic Information
Place Formatted Information in a String
Search a6tring for Text or a Pattern
Replace Text in a String
Convert a String to Upper/Lowercase
Trim a String '
"
,
Format a Date for Output^ '
Program: Convert Text Streams to Objects
Generate Large Reports'and Text Streams
6. Calculations and Math
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
87
Introduction
Make Decisions with Comparison and Logical Operators
Adjust Script Flow Using Conditional Statements
Manage Large Conditional Statements with Switches
Repeat Operations with Loops
Add a Pause or Delay
5. Strings and Unstructured Text..
Introduction
Perform Simple Arithmetic
*
Perform Complex Arithmetic
Measure Statistical Properties of a List
Work with Numbers As Binary
Simplify Math with Administrative Constants
Convert Numbers Between Bases
76
77
78
80
82
87
87
89
90
91
93
95
95
95
97
98
99
100
101
102
105
106
107
108
110
114
117
117
117
119
121
123
127
128
Table of Contents I vii
Part III. Common Tasks
7. Simple Files
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Get the Content of a File
7.2 Search a File for Text or a Pattern
7.3 Parse and Manage Text-Based Logfiles
7.4 Parse and Manage Binary Files
7.5 Create a Temporary File
7.6 Search and Replace Text in a File
133
133
133
135
136
139
141
143
8. Structured Files
8.0 Introduction
8.1 Access Information in an XML File
8.2 Perform an XPath Query Against an XML File
8.3 Modify Data in an XML File
8.4 Easily Import and Export Your Structured Data
8.5 Store the Output of a Command in a CSV File
8.6 Import Structured Data from a CSV File
8.7 Use Excel to Manage Command Output
147
147
147
150
151
153
155
156
157
9.
160
160
160
161
163
166
170
170
172
;
10.
viii
Internet-Enabled Scrjpts
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Download a File from the Internet
9.2 Download a Web Pa'ge from the Internet
9.3 Program: Get-PageUrls
-'
9.4 Program: Connect-WebService .
9.5 Export Command Output As^a Web Page
9.6 Program: Send an Email
9.7 Program: Interact with Internet Protocols
"
Code Reuse
r.
10.0 Introduction
10.1 Write a Script
10.2 Write a Function
10.3 Write a Script Block
10.4 Return Data from a Script, Function, or Script Block
10.5 Place Common Functions in a Library
10.6 Access Arguments of a Script, Function, or Script Block
I Table of Contents
176
176
176
179
180
182
184
185
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