Matplotlib for intermediate users
Matplotlib for intermediate users
Y axis label 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8
A matplotlib figure is composed of a hierarchy of elements that forms the actual figure. Each element can be modified.
4 Major tick
Minor tick 3 Major tick label
Anatomy of a figure
Title
Blue signal Red signal
Legend
Grid (linLeinpelot)
2 Y axis label
1
(scMatatrekreprslot)
Figure
Axes
(linLeinpelot)
Spines
0 0
0.25 0.50 0.75
1
1.25 1.50 1.75
2
2.25 2.50 2.75
3
3.25 3.50 3.75
4
Minor tick label
X axis label
X axis label
Figure, axes & spines
fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 3) axs[0, 0].set_facecolor("#ddddff") axs[2, 2].set_facecolor("#ffffdd")
gs = fig.add_gridspec(3, 3) ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :]) ax.set_facecolor("#ddddff")
fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.spines["top"].set_color("None") ax.spines["right"].set_color("None")
Ticks & labels
Legend
from mpl.ticker import MultipleLocator as ML from mpl.ticker import ScalarFormatter as SF ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ML(0.2)) ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(SF()) ax.tick_params(axis='x',which='minor',rotation=90)
0
1
2
3
4
5
ax.plot(X, np.sin(X), "C0", label="Sine") ax.plot(X, np.cos(X), "C1", label="Cosine") ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0,1,1,.1), ncol=2,
mode="expand", loc="lower left")
Sine
Sine and Cosine
Cosine
Lines & markers
X = np.linspace(0.1, 10*np.pi, 1000) Y = np.sin(X) ax.plot(X, Y, "C1o:", markevery=50, mec="1.0")
1
0
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Scales & projections
Annotation
ax.annotate("A", (X[250],Y[250]), (X[250],-1), ha="center", va="center", arrowprops={ "arrowstyle": "->", "color": "C1"})
1 0 1
0
A
5
10
15
20
25
30
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
Colors
ax.set_xscale("log") ax.plot(X, Y, "C1o-",
1 0 1
markevery=50,
1 mec="1.0") 01 0
Any color can be used, but Matplotlib offers sets of colors:
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
0 0.0 20.1 4 6 0.2 0.3 0.4 80.5 10 0.6 0.7 102.8 01.94 1.016 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
10 1
100
101
Size & DPI
Text & ornaments
ax.fill_betweenx([-1, 1], [0], [2*np.pi]) ax.text(0, -1, r" Period $\Phi$")
1
0
1 Period
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Consider a square figure to be included in a two-column A4 paper with 2 cm margins on each side and a column separation of 1 cm. The width of a figure is (21 - 2*2 - 1)/2 = 8 cm. One inch being 2.54 cm, figure size should be 3.15?3.15 in.
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.15, 3.15), dpi=50) plt.savefig("figure.pdf", dpi=600)
Matplotlib 3.7.4 handout for intermediate users. Copyright (c) 2021 Matplotlib Development Team. Released under a CC-BY 4.0 International License. Supported by NumFOCUS.
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