1 - DCFirst
|Salatory conduction is described as conduction or an action |In order to absorb Vit. B-12 which of the following is required? |
|potential through which type of fiber? |Bile salts |
|Myelinated nerve |Micells |
|Unmyelinated nerve |Intrinsic factor |
|Cardiac muscle |Pepsin |
|Smooth muscle | |
| |Which of the following is a rapidly adapting receptor? |
|The greatest increase in peripheral vascular restriction in |Golgi tendon apparatus |
|response to wide spread sympathetic stimulation is going to |Thermoreceptor |
|effect which tissue? |Ruffini coruscle |
|Nepatic |Pacinian corpuscle |
|Cardiac |Golgi tendon apparatus |
|Cutaneous | |
|Pulmonary |What maintains basic body temep. Wht the entire body is chilled? |
| |Skin vasoconstriction |
|Glomerulus consist primarily of ? that contain relative ? |Sweating |
|pressure compared to similar vessels in the bobd? |Chemical thermogensis |
|Capillaries/high |Shivering |
|Capillaries/low | |
|Arterioles/high |Which of the following is the stimulus to activate the |
|Arterioles/low |flexor/withdraw response? |
| |Pain |
|Relative refractory period is influenced by which of the |Cold |
|following conditions? |Pressure |
|( Na |Touch |
|( K | |
|( Na |Stimulation of which of the following tracts causes involuntary |
|( K |contraction of an excitatory extensor? |
| |Reticulospinal |
|During which of the following stages is the most prolactin |Rubrospinal |
|secreated? |Corticospinal |
|Soon after implantation |Vestibulospinal |
|After delivery | |
|Post partum |Which of the following structures is not involved in the light |
|Before implantation |reflex? |
| |Pretectal |
|Which of the following organells of skeletal muscle transmitts |Edinger westphal nucleus |
|the action potential from outside of the cell to the inside of |Cillary ganglion |
|the cell? |Lateral geniculate |
|Myofibril | |
|Sacroplasmic reticulum |Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle? |
|T-tubule |Chodroitin |
|Cross bridges |Fibers are arranged in sarcomere |
| |Actin |
|The resting membrane potential of a neural membrane is said to |Muscle spindles |
|be? | |
|Neutral | |
|Polar | |
|Depolarized | |
|Hyperpolarizied | |
| | |
| | |
|Influx of what ion is responsible for depolarization? |The stomach secretes which of the following substances? |
|Potassium |Lipase |
|Sodium |Gastrin( 2 functions 1) Activates prital cells to produce HCL. 2)|
|Magnesium |Activates Chief cells. |
|Magnesium |Cholecystokinin( Fat stimulates the duodenum to release this. The|
| |duodenum acts on the gull bladder to release bile salts |
|The greatest % of CO2 is transported as? |Secretin( Secreted by duodenum. Stimulates the pancreas to |
|Dissolved CO2( 7% |release aqueous humor. ( gastric mobility. |
|Carboxylhemoglobin( AKA for letter C |Which of the following is responsible for the formation of the |
|Carbaminohemoglobin( 23% |corpus luteum? |
|Bicarbonate ion( 70% |LH |
| |Estrogen |
|Which area of the brain coordinates voluntary eye movement? |Progesterone |
|Frontal( (motor) pre motor cortex |FSH |
|Temporal( memory, hearing, & smell | |
|Occipital( vision |When you come in contact with a cold object heat is lost by which|
|Parietal( sensation( primary sensory cortex.( all sensations go |of the following means? |
|to the thalamus except smell( “thalamus don’t stink.” |Convection( air currents |
| |Conduction |
|From which of the following structures is LH derived? |Evaporation( sweating |
|Leydig cells |Radiation( ambiation |
|Anterior pituitary | |
|Posterior pituitary |When body temperature is decreased by air currents what type of |
|Hypothalamus |heat loss is this? |
| |Convection( air currents |
|The pancreas secretes which of the following substances? |Conduction |
|Amylose |Evaporation( sweating |
|Gastrin( Stimulates parital cells to produce HCl & Chief cells to|Radiation( ambiation |
|produce pespicigen. | |
|Somatoststin( From delta cells of the pancreas( Balancing hormone|Which of the following is most apt to produce the lowest renal |
|for GH. |filtration faction for glucose? |
|Somatomedian( In liver, growth hormone for cartilage. |Hypoglycemia |
|NOTE( alpha cells of pancreas( glucagon. Beta cells of pancreas(|Hyperglycemia |
|insulin |Glucosuria |
| |Galactosemia |
|During the resting phase of a neuron what is secreted? | |
|Na. K. pump |Which the following is present in both cascade pathways? |
|Na. Out |C-1 |
|K. out |C-2 |
|Ca. In |C-3( links alternate and classical |
| |C-4 |
|Which of the following will lengthen the time for blood clotting?| |
|( Vit. K |Systemic circulation differs from pulmonic circulation in that it|
|( arterial pressure |has a ? Pressure and a ? resistance to flow? |
|( venous pressure |Lower/lower |
|( capillary pressure |Lower/higher |
| |Higher/lower |
| |Higher/higher |
| | |
|Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause edema? |Which of the following is secreted from the follicular stage of |
|Decrease arterial pressure |the menstrual cycle? |
|Increase plasma |Estradiol |
|Increase venous pressure |LH |
|Increase lymphatic pumping from skeletal muscle action |Testosterone |
| |Progesterone |
|Which of the following is increased in fast muscle fibers? | |
|Concentration of glycolytic enzymes |The function of angiotensin II is for the? |
|Concentration of Mitochondria |Absorption of glucose |
|Concentration of myoglobin |Constriction of arterioles |
|Intercellular K concentration |Absorption of Na |
| |Absorption of potassium |
|Which of the following does not promote the secretion of Glucose?| |
|Cortisol |Which of the following cause the delay in the in the impulse in |
|Epinephrine |the heart? |
|Norepinephrine |SA node( pacemaker of the heart |
|Acetylcholine |AV node( between atrium and ventricles |
| |Purkinje fibers |
|The glomerulus freely filters ? but does not filter? |Bundle of his |
|Urea, glucose | |
|Urea, albumin |Which has the largest lung the volume? |
|Creatine, glucose |Title volume ( 500 ml |
|Glucose, sodium |Inspiratory reserve ( 1100 ml |
| |Expiratory reserve( 3000 ml |
|From which the following is a monocyte derived? |Vital capacity |
|Myelocyte( monocyte ( Macrophages |NOTE(Vital to TIE( Vital = title + inspiratory + expiratory |
|Mast cells |(remember it is vital to TIE) |
|Lymphocyte ( plasma cells ( antibodies | |
|Macrophages |The first audible sound found in diastole? |
| |Closure of AV valve |
|Which of the following has largest cross-sectional area? |Atrial relax |
|Venules |Closure of similar valve |
|Capillaries |Here of the 1st sound |
|Arterioles | |
|Arteries |That makes action potential of a neuron stronger? |
| |Brain |
|The P wave on the EKG demonstrates the? |Increased myelination |
|Ventricular repolarization |Increased stimulation |
|Ventricular depolarization |Increase diameter |
|Atrial repolarization | |
|Atrial depolarization |Which of the followingmost effectively causes also body heat when|
| |compared to ambient heat? |
|The sucking reflex stimulates the release of which of the |Radiation |
|following from the posterior pituitary? |Evaporation |
|Oxytocin |Convection |
|LH |Conduction |
|Estrogen | |
|FSH |Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at a somatic|
| |neuromuscular junction? |
| |Dopamine |
| |Serotonin |
| |Epinephrine |
| |Acetylcholine |
|Neurotransmitter molecules are released at nerve cell endings due|The amount of their left the long after maximal forceful |
|to which ion? |expiration is called what volume? |
|Ca |Title volume ( 500 ml |
|Na |Inspiratory reserve ( 1100 ml |
|Chloride |Expiratory reserve( 3000 ml |
|Potassium |Residual(vital plus residual = 5800 ml = total lung capacity. |
| | |
|Which of the following is transported in the lymphatic system? |Pacini corpuscles are stimulated by? |
|Chylomicrons |Insignificant vibration |
|Cholesterol |Pain ( free nerve endings |
|Bile salts |Temperature |
|LDL |Severe depression of tissue ( Merkels disc. |
| | |
|An increase in thyroid hormone would result in which of the |On an EKG Arterial repolarization is represented by? |
|following? |RS wave |
|Decrease Glucose production |T wave |
|Decrease blood pressure |P wave |
|Increase fat metabolism |Hidden by the QRS wave |
|Weight gain | |
| |Which is the greatest amount of resistance in the periphery? |
|A lower motor neuron lesion extends from the ? to the? |Capillaries ( sympathetics don’t affect |
|Cortex, spinal cord |Arteries |
|Spinal cord, cortex |Veins |
|Spinal cord, effector |Arterioles |
|Effector, spinal cord | |
|NOTE ( upper motor neuron lesion is from brain to anterior horn |Total lung capacity could be defined as? |
|in there is no atrophy with the upper motor neuron lesions but |Tital volume + residual volume |
|there is atrophy with lower motor neuron lesions. |Vital capacity + residual volume |
| |Inspiratory reserve + vital capacity |
|Which of the following is the integrated system of the spinal |Tital volume + inspiratory reserve |
|cord? | |
|White spinal cord |The PO2 is greater and the pulmonary Veins than the O2 pressure |
|They spinal cord |of? |
|Extrapyramidal system |Left atrium |
|Cerebral motor cortex |Inspired air |
| |Pulmonary alveoli |
|When exercising a muscle which of the following does not cause a |Atmospheric pressure |
|muscle to shorten? | |
|Isotonic( lifting ( moving through a range of motion |The greatest percent of filtrated water is resorbed in the? |
|Eccentric |Descending loop of Henely |
|Isometric( muscle is not going through a range of motion. |Proximal tubule( 90% |
|Concentric |Early distal tubule |
| |Collecting duct |
|Which substance made by the kidney is responsible for the oxygen | |
|carrying capacity of the blood? |Which of the following substances is not a catacholamine? |
|Aldosterone |Norepinephrine |
|Erythropoietin |Epinephrine |
|Renin |Dopamine |
|Angiotensin |Acetylcholine |
|Which hormone is responsible for producing milk? |The Hering-Brewer reflex is initiated by which of the following? |
|Prolactin( anterior pituitary |Stretch receptors in the lung and Bronchioles ( keep lungs from |
|Oxytocin |exploding when you breathe ( located in the phumotaxic center |
|Estrogen |(Apneustic center inhabits pnumotaxic center. |
|Progesterone |Chemoreceptors in Medulla |
| |Peripheral chemoreceptors |
|What is the function of an inhibitory neurotransmitter? |Arterial baroreceptors |
|Inactivates the Na channels | |
|Increased potassium channels |The most difficult aspect of breathing to overcome is |
|Activate sodium potassium pump |Airway resistance |
|Activates calcium channels |Tissue resistance |
| |Elastic resistance |
|The hormones are involved in the initiation? |Surface tension ( effects alveoli ( surfactant overcomes this |
|LH and progesterone |(type II neumocytes) |
|FSH, LH | |
|LH and testosterone |Which of the following does not have a rule in regulating blood |
|FSH and testosterone |sugar? |
| |Growth hormone |
|Which of the following is responsible for reducing Peripheral |Luteinizing hormone |
|Arterial pressure? |Epinephrine |
|( sympathetics |Cortisol |
|( Parasympathetic’s | |
|( pit sympathetics |The absence of a cost around causes what to occur? |
|Decrease sympathetics ( there are no Parasympathetic’s in the |Reabsorption of filtrated Na from the distal tubule is decreased |
|periphery |Sodium is not reabsorbed by the proximal tubule |
| |( the GFR |
|The descending pain modular system specifically inhibits which | |
|the following? | |
|Internal C fiber in the dorsal horn |The net amount of tension developed in skeletal muscle is |
|Alpha fibers from spinal nerves |determined by? |
|Renshaw cells in the ventral horn |The relative number of the fast twitch fibers |
|Periaqueductal gray containing neuron |The amount of cholinesterase at the myoneural junction |
| |The number of motor units recruited ( motor unit ( the nerve with|
|Which of the following conditions increases the secretion of |all the muscles it supplies |
|rennin? |The number of slope which fibers |
|( plasma chloride concentration | |
|( blood volume |Which of the following is the primary factor in long-term altered|
|Decrease blood pressure(ADH released by the posterior pituitary |blood pressure? |
|in response to low blood pressure (AKA for ADH is vasopressin) |CNS Ischemic reflex |
|( plasma sodium concentration |Blood volume |
| |Chemoreceptors |
|The role of the troptin tropmysoin complex in skeletal muscle is?|Barroreceptors |
|Regulate Ca | |
|Inhibit cross bridge formation | |
|Hydrolyze ATP | |
|Regulate membrane permeability to Na | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|What is the integrative portion of the spinal cord reflex? |The greatest percent infiltrated water is reabsorbed in the? |
|White matter of the spinal cord |Descending loop of Henle |
|Gray matter of the spinal cord |Proximal tubule |
|Cerebral motor cortex |Distal tubule |
|Cerebellum |Who really knows |
| | |
|Protein metabolism can best be measured through? |The greatest delay and not transmission of the cardiac system is?|
|Glucose nitrogen urine |SA node |
|Uric acid in urine ( decreased Bun is indicating of liver |AV node |
|problem, increased Bun is indicating of kidney problem |Purkinje fibers |
|Creatinine in urine ( muscle breakdown |Bundle of his |
|Urea in the urine | |
| |What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle? |
|Osmoreceptors are located in? |Motor end plates |
|Adenohypophysis |Sarcoma |
|Hypothalamus |Motor unit |
|Proximal convoluted tubule |Muscle spindle ( stretch |
|Neurohypopysis | |
| |Where do muscle tendons signals transmit? |
|Which of the following connective tissues is derived from |Post central gyrus |
|monocytes? |Pre-central gyrus |
|Mast cells |Superior temporal |
|Plasma cells |Middle temporal |
|Lymphocytes | |
|Macrophages |Fixed action patterns or motor programs for suckling in the |
| |bombing reflex are controlled by centers in the? |
|Proprioceptive fibers for sensory information from joints, |Basal ganglia |
|tendons, muscles and ligaments are carried by what ascending |Hypothalamus |
|tract? |Motor cortex |
|Spinocebellar( unconscious proprioception |Brain stem |
|Spinothalamic | |
|Vestibulospinal |Node to node conduction best describes? |
|Corticospinal |Salatory conduction |
| |Axoplasmic |
|After ACH binds with this receptor, a channel opens in the end |Chronaxic |
|plate region that is large enough for both sodium and potassium |Electronic |
|ions to pass through. Initally, sodium ions move through and | |
|potassium ions don’t. What best explains this? |The adrenal medulla is analogous to? |
|Calcium ion movement inhibits potassium movement |Postganglionic Parasympathetic nerves |
|K is at an electrochemical equilibrium |Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves |
|Na is at an electrochemical equilibrium |Postganglionic sympathetic nerves |
|Ca/Na binds & becomes too large |Preganglionic sympathetic nerves |
| | |
|Most metabolically produced CO2 is transported in the? |What chemical produces hyperpolarization reactions in humans? |
|Plasma |Potassium |
|Hemoglobin |Na |
|Erythrocytes |Ca |
|Albumin |Cl |
| | |
|Neurons which mediate conscious control over single muscle groups|Normal Serum contains the greatest amount of? |
|are located in the? |IgA( Saliva, tears, breast milk (you can’t spit and cry in the |
|Cerebral cortex |milk at the IgA) |
|Cerebellum( unconscious |IgE |
|Basal ganglia ( planned and coordinated voluntary movement |IgG( greatest amount |
|Pre-motor cortex( best answer |IgD |
| |IgM( biggest and first to respond |
|When there is a significant decrease in Extracellular Na there is| |
|also an? |The primary function of the lymphatic system is to control the? |
|Decrease in amplitude of action potential |Concentration of protein in the interstitial fluid. |
|Increase in amplitude of action potential |Maintain positive interstitial pressure |
| |Controlled concentration of fat in the circulatory system |
| |Control venous pressure |
| | |
|Which ion is primarily responsible for reverse potential of over |At normal partial pressure of O2 in the alveolar the hemoglobin |
|shoot of an action potential? |is? |
|Ca |40% |
|Na |97% saturated |
|Potassium |45% |
|Chloride |105% |
| | |
|What is the pituitary hormone involved in the secretory phase of |The respiratory system in the brain stem is most strongly |
|menstruation? |influenced by? |
|LH |CO2 concentration in blood( Pontomedguallary center ( this ( |
|FSH |respiration |
|Estrogen ( follicular stage |O2 concentration in the blood |
|Progesterone |Blood pressure fluctuation |
| |Osmolality of the blood |
|Stimulation of Barrow receptors cause an increase in? | |
|Vagal stimulation of the heart |The air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration is known as? |
|Sympathetic stimulation of the heart |Title volume |
|Deep breathing |Expiratory volume |
|Ganglionic filtration |Total lung capacity |
| |Residual volume |
|HCl acid is responsible for activation of? | |
|Parietal cells ( release HCl |( surface tension created by water affects compliance of which |
|Chief cells ( release pepsinogen |pulmonary structure? |
|Pepsinogen |Bronchi |
|Pepsin |Bronchioles |
| |Alveoli |
|The sympathetics exert the least effort on which of the |Trachea |
|following? | |
|Aorta ( you never want to constrict aorta |Under normal circumstances the substance is completely absorbed? |
|Large arteries |Urea |
|Arterioles |Na |
|Capillaries ( no sympathetic innervation |Potassium |
| |Glucose blood |
| | |
|Laminar blood flow is characterized by | |
|Parabolin velocity profile | |
|Murmurs | |
|Turbulence | |
|Eddy currents | |
| Dehydration causes an ( in what secretion? | |
|ADH | |
|Cortisol | |
|Epinephrine | |
|Insulin | |
| | |
|Which of the following causes ( glomerular filtration? | |
|Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure | |
|Obstruction of nephritic tubules | |
|( glomerular pressure | |
|( blood flow through the Efferent Arterial ( this will ( GFR | |
|because water follows proteins. | |
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