Chapter 4: The Phrase and the Clause
Name: ________________________ Date: _____ Per.____
Chapter 4: The Phrase and the Clause
|Subject |Verb |Phrase |
|Yes |no |yes |
|no |yes |yes |
|no |no |yes |
|yes |yes |No! it is a clause |
The Phrase
Phrase:
A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.
Example:
Dylan’s team after lunch
Prepositional Phrases:
A phrase that includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.
On the bus
Aboard the ship
Behind the shed
Commonly Used Prepositions (pg. 63)
Some Common Prepositions (pg. 63)
Some Compound Prepositions (pg. 63)
Example:
The tree in front of the window blocks our view.
The man from Brazil was giving a speech.
We waited until lunch time.
Adjective Phrases:
A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
*Adjective phrases answer the same questions that single word adjectives answer.
Example:
Mr. Woodward ordered a dinner of steak and potatoes.
The class with the good students left early.
Adverb Phrases:
A prepositional phrase that is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
*Adverb phrases answer the same questions that single word adverbs answer.
Example:
The statue stands next to a large oak tree.
After this class, we can all go home!
The Clause
Clause:
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and that is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence.
Example:
Alan read a book.
Because I was tired
Because I was tired, I took a nap.
I took a nap because I was tired.
Because he wanted the crowd to cheer for him, Moose asked to carry the ball.
Because you do not use it correctly, your teacher said to avoid starting with “because”.
When Alan read a book, he was quiet.
Because I was tired, I took a nap.
I took a nap because I was tired.
Independent Clause:
An independent (or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.
|Subject |
|Verb |
|Makes sense! |
Example:
Raymond sang a lovely song.
Raymond sang.
Raymond sang because he was happy.
Subordinate/ Dependent Clauses:
|Subject |
|Verb |
|Doesn’t make sense!! |
A dependent (or subordinate) clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. (subject and verb, but doesn’t make sense)
Words Often Used to Begin Subordinate Clauses
Subordinating Conjunctions Relative Pronouns
(Adverb) (Adjective)
|After |How |Unless |Which |
|Although |If |Until |That |
|As |Since |When |Who |
|As if |So that |Whenever |Whom |
|As though |Than |Where |Whose |
|Because |While |Wherever | |
|Before |Though |whether | |
Example:
Until you finish your homework, you cannot eat.
Ms. Myers has had a headache since the school year started.
Ms. Myers will be sad when Clem leaves for 7th grade.
Brendon will serve detention if I see any food today.
Alan, who is a wonderful boy, read the story aloud.
Adjective Clause:
A dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun
Answers the questions:
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
How much?
Relative Pronouns (Introduce Adjective Clauses)
Example:
Kenny is the student who asks a lot of questions.
I would like a class that doesn’t talk back.
The class that is quiet will go to lunch early.
Adverb Clause:
A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
Answers the questions:
When? Where? Why?
How? How long? How often?
Subordinating Conjunctions (Introduce Adverb Clauses)
Example:
Because Ms. Myers is a genius, some people don’t
understand her.
Ms. Myers gets angry when students don’t pay
attention.
When Bernard goes to 7th grade, I will be sad. (
When some of the others go to 7th grade, I will be happy. (
Simple Sentence:
A simple sentence has one independent clause and
NO dependent clauses.
Example: Peter woke up too early.
This class is my favorite.
Compound Sentence:
A compound sentence consists of two or more
independent clauses, usually joined by a comma and
a connecting word (conjunction).
Example: I forgot my lunch, but Dad ran to the
bus with it.
Jacob often disturbs the teacher, yet
she is patient with him.
Eric did his homework; Ms. Myers was happy.
Complex Sentence:
A complex sentence contains one independent clause
and at least one dependent clause.
Example:
Jason was sleepy because he had to
change his clock forward.
Since it is Monday, Ms. Myers might
check our AR logs.
While we were on summer vacation, Alex read the 7th Harry Potter book because he was addicted to the series.
Compound- Complex Sentence:
A sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Example: As it happens, you’re right, and I am
wrong.
Austin ate a turkey sandwich, and he
drank chocolate milk while we were on
the bus.
Austin ate a hot dog, and he drank a
soda while he was at the Dodgers’
game.
-----------------------
Aboard between past
About beyond since
Above by through
Across down throughout
After during till
Against except to
Along for toward
Among from under
Around in underneath
As into until
At like up
Before of upon
Behind off with
Below on within
Beneath over without
Beside near
According to in addition to next to
Aside from in place of on account of
Because of in spite of out of
What kind? Which one?
How many? How much?
When? Where? Why?
How? How often? How long?
Who Whose Which That Whom
wabsabaiwuuts
whether when since as unless so
whenever after although if until
wherever before because while than
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
................
................
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