Parts of speech adjectives and adverbs
GRADE10SUBJECTENGFALWEEK6TOPICADVERBS AND ADJECTIVESDate: ____________________________LEARNER WORKBOOKParts of speech adjectives and adverbsAdjectives:They are words which give us more information about nouns and pronouns and make their meaning clearer.An adjective is placed immediately before or just after the noun or pronoun it refers to:A responsible adult displays healthy habits.Sipho is a strong boy, but Themba is stronger and Enoch is the strongest of the three.When an adjective is placed before the noun it refers to, it is called an attributive adjectives:She is a beautiful child.Sipho is a disciplined person.She gave me a vague answer.The builders laid a concrete slab under the awning.When an adjective is placed after the noun it describe, it is a predicative adjective:The man became angry.Your decision was wise.His behaviour appears to be disciplined.An adjective can often be identified by its (ending). these are some common nouns: -able - comfortable, noticeable, suitable -ic - artistic, frantic, poetic -al -personal, physical -ing - charming, crying-ary -stationary, cautionary, military -ish - feverish, selfish, childish -ate - accurate, affectionate -ive - attentive, innovative, active -ed - gifted, seated glided, -less – careless, fearless, hopeless-en - broken, fallen -ous – serious, famous, humorous-ful - beautiful, wonderful, tactful -some – lonesome, handsome, troublesome -ible – legible, accessible, feasible -y - dusty, mouldy, tricky, bumpy There are several kinds of adjectives:Descriptive adjectives or adjectives of quality (what kind?)These are most commonly used adjectives.The loyal/intelligent/creative/motivated child…Proper adjectivesThese are proper nouns used as adjectives.The Cape Town/Eastern Cape beaches scattered with shells.The August winds are good for flying kites.Adjectives of quantity/number (how many?)Two /many /several /few /some /most children…Each /every /neither child…Adjectives of order (position)He came first/second/last in the race.Demonstrative adjectives (which one?)This /that book…These /those books…Possessive adjectives (belonging to)My /his/ her /our /their /your /its computer…Interrogative adjectives (which one?)Which/what/whose lesson…?compound adjectivesAdjectives joined by hyphens are called compounds adjectives.A well-deserved result a feather-light cake a half-ripe avocado pear. NOTE WELL: VERBS ARE PARTS OF SPEECH WE HAVE ALREADY DEALT WITH THEMAdverbsThey give us more information about verbs, adjectives or other adverbs and make their meaning more exact. An adverb is usually as near to its verb as possible and in front of its adjective or adverb: He ran quickly. (Quickly tells us about the verb ran.)She is exceptionally clever. (Exceptionally tells us about the adjective clever.)Don’t eat so quickly. (So tells us about the adverb quickly.)Perhaps you will the lottery. (The word perhaps changes the whole nature of the sentence.)Types of adverbsAdverbs may be identified by their functions:Manner (how?)Quickly hungrily imaginatively fast well (usually end in -ly)Place (where?)Here, there, nowhere, up, down, home, far, nearTime (when?)Today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then, soon, immediatelyDegree (to what extend)Very, quite, rather, so, almost, fairly, radical, hardly, extremely, well, really, j just, too, nearlyFrequency (how often?)Always, never, often, seldom, once, usually, occasionally, frequentlySentence modifiersThe insertion of these words changes the nature of the sentences and usually expresses the speaker’s opinion: Actually, certainly, definitely, fortunately, honestly, luckily, naturally, obviously, perhaps, surely, unfortunatelyThey are usually placed at the beginning of the sentence:Naturally, nobody owned up to the parative adverbsAs with adjectives, adverbs have a degree of comparison.AdverbsComparativeSuperlativeRegularfastfasterfastestTwo or more syllablescarefullyMore carefullyMost carefullyIrregular(exceptions)BadlyLittleMuchwellWorseLessMorebetterThe worstThe leastThe mostThe best He ran quickly. (Regular form) He earns less than his brother. (Comparative form-comparing two actions) If you work harder you will earn more. (Comparative form- comparing two actions) Of all his hobbies, he likes chess the best. (Superlative form-comparing more than two actions) Be careful of incorrect usage: They spoke loud. X Hang on tight. X It was very fun. X He moved quick. X They spoke loudly. Hang on tightly. It was fun. He moved quickly. Baseline assessment: Pair work Activity 1Form adjectives from these word stems by adding-ous, -ious, -eous, or –uous. The first one has been done for you.Check the spellings in your dictionary then choose any three and use the adjectives in the sentence of your own.virt- (virtuous) g. danger- m. court-spontan- h. ambig- n. tremend- simult- i. var- o. outrag- enorm- j. superst- p. ard-jeal- k. ambit- q. ridic-stren- l. obv- r. miscellany-Activity 2Adapt each adjective in brackets to suit the sentence.E.g. if you were (tidy) and (well-organised) than you are, you would not keep losing things. If you were tidier and better organised than you are, you would not keep losing things.There’s nothing (irritating) than being stuck in a heavy traffic.You look a lot (well) than last time I saw you.As I get (old), I notice that most people seem to be getting (young)!It not always bright students who do well in tests.I want to rent a motorbike- (powerful) one I can get.The (tall) building in New York used to be the Empire State Building.That student is much (self-confident) than she used to be.Activity 3Which adverb in column B fits best with verb in column A? (Some may already match!)E.g. explain concisely/explain briefly.Column AColumn BexplainmuttersingfeelshinereactbreathclimbinvestigateAngrilyThoroughlySweetly HeavilySpontaneouslyDeeplyBrightlyConcisely/brieflysteadilyLearner activity: class workActivity 4Adapt each adjective in brackets to suit the sentence.E.g. today’s newly-weds are (well off) than their parents were. Today’s newly-weds are better off than their parents were.Slacks are neater, but jeans are much (long wearing).‘Is Rhodes (old) university in south Africa?’ ‘No Stellenbosch is about fifty years (old)’.Miriam is the more intelligent, but Michael is (easy) to talk to.That is (incredible) story ever told.All of us have a lot to be thankful for – the (sad) thing of all is that we don’t appreciate it.Which is (deep), Lake Maggiore or the Black Sea? [7x1=7]Activity 5 Adjectives formed from pronouns.Use my, you’re his, her, our, their or the definite article in the following sentences:He had______ hat pulled well down over_____ eyes, and______ left hand was thrust deep into_________ pocket.I looked her straight in_____ eye and told her to take to take_____ hands off me.Phumla shook me warmly by________ hand and put______ arm around_____ my shoulders.I was severely bruised_______ legs, but______ face was unmarked.‘We were stabbed in______ back’ means ‘we were betrayed by_______ own people.’At the beach they lay on_________ backs and closed______ eyes. [15x1=15] Activity 6Insert a suitable adverb in the sentences- from the following words: the first one has been done for you.Occasionally; loosely; absolutely; punctually; extremelyE.g. Most joys of country life cost_________ nothing. Most joys of country life cost absolutely nothing.The message arrived_________ at ten o’clock this morning.Teachers__________ use overhead projectors in the classroom.An_____________ angry customer has come to complain.The horse was fastened___________ to an upright beam. [4x1=4]Activity 7Which adverb in column B fits with each verb in column A? (Some may already match!)The first answer would be: eat greedily.Column AColumn Beatthinkwhisperspeakbreathebehaverunsleepargue1.quickly2. greedily3. peacefully4. stupidly5. carefully6.fluently7. softly8. deeply9. forcefully [8x1=8]Learner activity: homeworkActivity 8Complete the table by giving the degrees of comparisonsPositiveComparativeSuperlativeEffective ManyPopularGoodQuicklyImportantEasywarmCloseClosely [10x2=20]Activity 9Change the verbs in the box below into adjectives (-ing) and then complete the sentences. Fled; pollute; burn; recycle; spreadThe city was full of _______people.Carbon dioxide and CFCs are two______ chemicals.Most of the black smoke in our atmosphere comes from______ fossil fuel.The WOW Campaign established one hundred_______ centres for different waste materials.The________ gas in Bhopal was highly toxic. [5x1=5]Activity 10Complete the passage by filling in the gaps with these adverbs: Careful; gently; hungrily; quietly; sometimes; quickly; peacefully; early; strongly; tightlyNina was a young girl who lived more than 5000 years ago. She and her family were hunter-gathers who lived_______ on the land. One morning she woke up_______ and crawled ______out of the cave. It was her job to cut the grass before the wind started to blow. She worked______, cutting the grass and rubbing it_______ between her hands so that the seeds separated from the stem. It was hard work and soon her hands were tired. She gathered the seeds______ into a bowl and covered the bowl_______ with a cloth. When she returned to the cave, her mother ground the seeds______ with a stone in order to make soft porridge for the family. When the porridge was cooked, the whole family sat around the fire and ate_____, ________ Nina gathered enough seeds for the family to eat well for many days. TOTAL=10 ................
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