Unit #1: Research Skills for American History



AP World History Unit #14 - Years of Crisis (Chapter 31-32)

Knowledge Scale

Learning Objective: Students will understand the key political, economic, and social movements which impacted the world in the period between World War I and World War II and understand the causes, key features, and long-term consequences of World War II.

Tuesday, March 27th – Warm-Up #1

Write your new partner’s answers to the following questions:

1. What is your full name? (All middle names included)

2. What is your birthdate? (Month/Day/Year)

3. Describe the most exciting/prestigious event that you have ever attended? At least 1 sentence. (Example: Sporting event like the Super Bowl, Musical Concert, Theatrical Play, Parade, etc.)

4. What is one food that you absolutely could not live without?

5. If money was not an issue and you could buy any three objects on earth today, what would you purchase? Why? (At least 1 sentence for each)

Thursday, March 39th – Warm-Up #2

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 31, Sections 1 and 2:

1. Search: What is the musical style that captured a sense of the new freedom of the post-World War I years?

2. Search: Who developed the theory that the measurements of time and space can vary?

3. Search: All of the following increased during the Great Depression EXCEPT

a) imports and exports. b) bank closings.

c) unemployment. d) business failures.

4. Analyze: What do you think President Franklin D. Roosevelt meant when he said that the only thing the United States had to fear was fear itself? (At least 1 sentence)

5. Apply: Do you believe in the American Dream, that in America if you work hard enough you can become anything you want to be and be wealthy? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

Friday, March 30th- No School, Spring Holiday

Tuesday, April 3rd – Warm-Up #3

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 31, Section 3:

1. Search: What was the title of Hitler’s book written in the 1920s in which he argued Germany’s defeat during World War I should be blamed on inferior members of its society, such as the Jews.

2. Search: Nazism was the German form of what Italian political theory which was developed by Benito Mussolini?

3. Search: Hitler’s main method for achieving lebensraum was to

a) attack Jews. b) conquer other countries.

c) form a secret police force. d) demand dictatorial power.

4. Analyze: What political and social factors led to the fall of several European democracies in the 1920s and 1930s? (List at least 2)

5. Apply: Do you believe that the United States today should take military action against dictators worldwide? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 31, Section 4:

1. Search: The Chinese province of Manchuria was invaded in 1931 by what country?

2. Search: A nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union in 1939 was signed by what country?

3. Search: During Spain’s civil war, Francisco Franco was the leader of

a) Spanish rebel troops.

b) Spanish government troops.

c) Socialist troops fighting against the rebels.

d) republican troops supporting the government.

4. Analyze: How were the effects of America’s isolationism and Britain’s policy of appeasement similar? (At least 1 sentence)

5. Apply: If you saw an elementary school kid being punched by a High School student, what would you do? Write at least 1 sentence.

Wednesday, April 4th – Warm-Up #4

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 32, Section 1:

1. Search: Great Britain and France enter World War II because of the German invasion of which country?

2. Search: The Battle of Britain is unique because it was the first military battle fought exclusively by what branch of the British and German militaries?

3. Search: The German blitzkrieg was a military strategy that depended on what advantage?

a) a system of fortifications

b) “out-waiting” the opponent

c) surprise and overwhelming force

d) ability to make a long, steady advance

4. Analyze: Was the United States right not to join the fight against Germany when Great Britain and France did? Explain your answer. (At least 1 complete sentence)

5. Apply: During the Battle of Britain, Prime Minister Winston Churchill issued an order requiring that all children be sent from Britain’s major cities either to small towns in the British countryside or to safe locations outside of Great Britain. A) Why do you think Churchill issued this order? B) Should parents in the United States today prevent their children from witnessing violence? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 32, Section 2:

1. Search: What Japanese naval commander is famous for masterminding the attack on Pearl Harbor?

2. Search: What battle in the pacific represented a turning of the tide of the war in the Pacific against Japan and allowed the Allies to begin taking the offensive?

3. Search: Why were the Pacific islands attacked and seized during the Allied “island hopping” chosen?

a) They were isolated and uninhabited.

b) They were farthest away from Japan.

c) They were least heavily defended by Japan.

d) They were former territories of the United States.

4. Analyze: Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? What were some of the most important consequences of the attack? (At least 2 sentence)

5. Apply: Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States government ordered the imprisonment of all Japanese-Americans living near the West Coast. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11th, Why do you think that the United States did not imprison Arab Americans? At least 1 reason and 1 sentence.

Thursday, April 5th – Warm-Up #5

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 32, Section 3:

1. Search: What term did Hitler use incorrectly as a label for the Germanic people he considered the “master race”?

2. Search: Identify two of the tactics that were used to implement the “Final Solution”.

3. Search: Which of the following was the location of a Nazi extermination camp?

a) Berlin b) Warsaw

c) Auschwitz d) Dresden

“That’s the difficulty in these times: ideals, dreams and cherished hopes rise within us, only to meet the horrible truth and be shattered. It’s really a wonder that I haven’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so absurd and impossible to carry out. Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart.”

– Anne Frank, July 15th, 1944 (The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition, p.716)

4. Analyze: Why do you think Anne Frank kept a journal of her day to day life while her family was in hiding during World War II? (At least 1 sentence)

5. Apply: What does it mean to be “good at heart”? How can you tell if someone is “good at heart”? (At least 1 sentence)

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 32, Section 4:

1. Search: Who was the supreme commander of the Western Allied forces in Europe?

2. Search: What name is given to the desperate suicide airplane attacks carried out by the Japanese near the end of World War II?

3. Search: What was the Allies’ plan for victory over the Nazis?

a) The Allies focused their forces on North Africa to keep control of the oil.

b) The Allies would join forces on the Eastern Front and invade Germany.

c) The Allies would fight Germany on two fronts to weaken it.

d) The Allies instigated Operation Torch to burn key points in Germany.

4. Analyze: What is one thing that Hitler and the Germans did that, in your opinion, was an important cause of Germany’s defeat? Explain. (At least 1 sentence)

5. Apply: Should the United States lead a worldwide effort to eliminate all nuclear weapons, including its own? Explain your answer. (At least 1 sentence)

Friday, April 6th – No Warm-Up

Unit 14 MC & SAQ Exam

Supplemental Warm-Ups

Answer the following questions based on your reading from Chapter 32, Section 5:

1. Search: What nation paid the great price in terms of the number of lives lost during World War II?

2. Search: What group was tried at the Nuremberg Trials?

3. Search: Under the postwar constitution of Japan, who was the head of government?

a) the emperor

b) the leader of the diet

c) a prime minister selected by the diet

d) a prime minister selected by the emperor

4. Analyze: What were the social and economic conditions in Europe in the years immediately following World War II?

5. Apply: In the aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust, the Allied Powers helped to establish the Jewish state of Israel in the region of the Middle East surrounding the ancient city of Jerusalem. In order to do this, the Allies forced Arabs peoples to leave their homes in this area. In your opinion, should the Allies have created the nation of Israel after World War II? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work - “If we must die – let it not be like hogs, hunted and penned in an inglorious spot. While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Marking their mark at our accursed lot… What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we will face the murderous, cowardly pack, pressed to the wall, dying but fighting back! – Claude McKay, “If We Must Die”

1. Search: What does McKay encourage African Americans in the 1920s to do? (1 sentence)

2. Analyze: a) Who do you think McKay is talking about when he says “murderous, cowardly pack”? b) In what specific ways did the “pack” harm or “pen in” African Americans? (At least 1 sentence)

3. Apply: When, if ever, is violence justified? Give a specific example.

“The victor will not be asked afterwards whether he told the truth or not. When starting and waging a war it is not right that matters, but victory. Close your hearts to pity. Act brutally. Eighty million people (Germans) must obtain what is their right. Their existence must be made secure. The stronger man is right.” –Adolf Hitler, August 1939

1. Search: a) What is unimportant to Hitler? B) What is important to Hitler?

2. Analyze: Why do you think leaders of other European countries in the 1930s choose to ignore warnings about Hitler? (At least 1 reason and 1 sentence)

3. Apply: One of the justifications for the War in Iraq was that Saddam Hussein was similar to Adolf Hitler. Do you believe that the United States should take military action against dictators worldwide? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

“When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease… War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.” –President Franklin D. Roosevelt, October 5, 1937

1. Search: According to Roosevelt, what was the United States determined to do regarding World War II?

2. Analyze: In what ways is war similar to a “physical disease”? (At least 2 similarities)

3. Apply: If a World War III takes place in the future, what country do you think will be the instigator? Explain your answer in at least 1 sentence.

“September 29, 1938 – Four-power meeting today at 3 in Munich. Czechoslovakia continues to exist, Germany gets the Sudetenland, probably a colony as well… For the populace on the front pages of the German press of course the absolute success of Hitler, the prince of peace and brilliant diplomat… No shot is fired and the German troops have been marching in since yesterday. Wishes for peace and friendship have been exchanged with England and France…” –Victor Klemperer, Jewish Professor in Germany

1. Search: Which two countries exchanged wishes for friendship with Germany in 1938?

2. Analyze: Why do you think democratic countries were trying to make friendships with Hitler even after German troops had started taking territory? (At least 1 sentence)

3. Apply: If you saw an elementary school kid being punched by a High School student, what would you do? Write at least 1 sentence.

“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” –Mao Zedong

“Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary.” –Mohandas K. Gandhi

1. Search: a) Which two Asian countries were greatly influenced by these men? B) Which European nation exerted imperial power in both countries?

2. Analyze: How might armed and powerful opponents respond to groups committed to nonviolent action?

3. Apply: Which strategy do you believe is more successful in bringing long-lasting consequences? Why?

“Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State… War alone keys up all human energies to their maximum tension and sets the seal of nobility on those people who have the courage to face it.” –Benito Mussolini

1. Search: Under what condition is an individual accepted in a Fascist government?

2. Analyze: Why do you think many people in Europe supported Fascist governments in the years between WWI and WWII? (At least 1 reason and 1 sentence)

3. Apply: Based on Mussolini’s definition of Fascism, do you consider US Academic Decathlon to be a Fascist Institution? Explain your answer with at least 1 specific example in at least 1 sentence.

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – “They used to tell me I was building a dream

And so I followed the mob.

When there was earth to plow or guns to bear,

I was always there, right on the job.

They used to tell me I was building a dream

With peace and glory ahead –

Why should I be standing in line,

Just waiting for bread?

Once I built a railroad, I made it run,

Made it run against time,

Once I built a railroad, now it’s done –

Brother can you spare a dime?” – song lyrics, “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?”

1. Search: What specific jobs does the songwriter identify that were done by working class American men? (At least 2)

2. Analyze: Does this person believe in the American dream? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

3. Apply: Do you believe in the American Dream, that in America if you work hard enough you can become anything you want to be and be wealthy? Why or Why not? (At least 1 sentence)

Tuesday, March 29th – (10-15 minutes) *Bell Work - “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan… The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation… No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.” –Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941

1. Search: Which country attacked the United States on December 7th, 1941

2. Analyze: What steps would the United States government need to take to prepare the country for war? Give at least 2 specific steps.

3. Apply: If a major war broke out and you were drafted into the U.S. military, what are two things you would do before going to fight? Explain each answer in at least 1 sentence.

Warm-Up Box #2

Write your partner’s answers to the following questions.

1. What is your full name? (Include all middle names)

2. What is your birthday? (Include month, day, and year)

3. In your opinion, who is the best musical performer/group in the United States today? What makes them the best? (At least 1 sentence)

4. What is the last video game that you played? Why did you play it? (At least 1 sentence)

5. If you could have any one super power, which would you choose? Why? (At least 1 sentence)

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work - “That’s the difficulty in these times: ideals, dreams and cherished hopes rise within us, only to meet the horrible truth and be shattered. It’s really a wonder that I haven’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so absurd and impossible to carry out. Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart.”

– Anne Frank, July 15th, 1944 (The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition, p.716)

1. Search: Why did Anne Frank hold on to her ideals during World War II?

2. Analyze: Why do you think Anne kept a journal of her day to day life while her family was in hiding during World War II? (At least 1 sentence)

3. Apply: What does it mean to be “good at heart”? How can you tell if someone is “good at heart”? (At least 1 sentence)

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – Answer the following questions based on the film “Life is Beautiful”

1) Search: What did the father tell his son was the reason that they were in the concentration camp?

2) Analyze: Why did the father choose this explanation to give to his son? (At least 1 sentence)

3) Apply: Do you believe that it is right for parents to lie or hide the truth from their pre-teenage children? If yes, give at least 1 example of something that parents like about and explain why it is right for parents to lie about it. If no, give an example of something that parents often lie about and explain why they should not lie.

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – “The resettlement center is actually a jail – armed guards in towers with spotlights and deadly tommy guns, fifteen feet of barbed-wire fences, everyone confined to quarters at nine…. What really hurts is being called ‘Japs’. ‘Japs’ are the guys we are fighting.” –Ted Nakashima, The New Republic, June 5th, 1942

1. Search: What WWII surprise attack led to the confinement of Ted Nakashima in an internment camp?

2. Analyze: Why do you think the United States imprisoned thousands of Japanese Americans near the West Coast during World War II? At least 1 reason and 1 sentence.

3. Apply: Following the terrorist attacks on September 11th, Why do you think that the United States did not imprison Arab Americans? At least 1 reason and 1 sentence.

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – “Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you…I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full victory.” –General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

1) Search: What are the three traits that General Eisenhower said he had confidence in the soldiers?

2) Analyze: Why would these specific traits be important on D-Day? Choose two of the three and explain in one sentence each.

3) Apply: Of the three traits, which do you think is the most difficult for you to develop? Why? Explain in at least 1 sentence.

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – “After I noticed the flash, white clouds spread over the blue sky. It was amazing. It was as if blue morning-glories had suddenly bloomed up in the sky… Then came the heat wave. It was very, very hot. Even though there was a window glass in front of me, I felt really hot. It was as if I was looking directly into a kitchen oven.” – Isao Kita, Hiroshima Witness

1. Search: Against what country were the only two atomic-bomb attacks in world history carried out?

2. Analyze: Based on your current knowledge, why do you believe that the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima?

3. Apply: Should the United States spearhead a worldwide effort to eliminate all nuclear weapons, including its own? Explain your answer?

(10-15 minutes) *Bell Work – 1) Choose any 3 terms from your terms sheet and define them in your own words. 2) Choose 1 of the 3 terms you defined and explain how it affects the United States today.

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