Classifications of polymers and macromolecules



Polymer Material Science & Engineering

Course Outline (Jan-April 2007 Semester)

Course Instructor: Professor Dr. Upendra Natarajan

|S.No. |Content Category |Audience Category |

|1 |Classifications of polymers and macromolecules |Foundation: sciences and Engg. |

|2 |Molecular weight concepts in macromolecules |Foundation: Sciences and Engg. |

|3 |Conformations and configurations of polymer chains |Physics, physical chemistry |

|4 |Behavior and properties of polymers in solution |Physical chemistry, physics chemical engg., |

| | |materials science and engineering |

|5 |Polymer chemistry: Synthesis and polymerization reactions |Chemistry, chemical engg. |

|6 |Physical behavior of condensed polymer phases |Physics, engineering (chemical, mechanical & |

| | |materials), Physical Chemistry |

|7 |The melt state and its properties |Physics, engineering |

|8 |Thermodynamics of polymers |Physics, physical chemistry, engineering |

|9 |Rubber elasticity & polymer networks |Physics, physical chemistry, engineering |

|10 |Physical properties of polymers |Physics, engineering |

|11 |Experimental characterization methods of polymer structure and properties |Chemical and physical Sciences & engineering |

|12 |Polymer viscoelasticity |Physics, engineering |

|13 |Mechanical properties of polymer phases |Physics, engineering |

|14 |Polymer processing engineering and science |Chemical, polymer, mechanical, & materials |

| | |engineering |

|15 |Macromolecular engineering properties |Chemical, polymer, mechanical, & materials |

| | |engineering |

|16 |Practical applications of various important polymers in society |All disciplines |

|17 |Advanced topics in polymer materials science and technology |Physics, chemistry, chemical physics, chemical & |

| |Surfaces and interfaces, |mechanical engineering, metallurgy & materials |

| |composites and nanocomposites, |engineering |

| |self-assembly in solution, | |

| |complex fluids containing polymers, | |

| |functional polymers, stars and hyperbranched polymers, | |

| |molecular electronics and optoelectronics | |

Polymer Material Science & Engineering

(Jan-April 2007 Semester)

Course Contents and Description

Course Instructor: Professor Dr. Upendra Natarajan

|Topic Area No.|Area Sub-Category |Contents |

|1 |Classification of macromolecules |Polymer classification based on (a) stereochemistry (b) preparative|

| | |reaction/method (c) structure (d) architecture (e) function/utility|

| | |(f) physical state ; concepts along with real examples |

|2 |Concept of molecular weights in macromolecules |Macromolecular weight concept; Types of molecular weights Mn, Mw, |

| | |Mz etc.; Molecular weight distributions; methods to determine |

| | |molecular weights |

|3 |Conformations & configurations of Polymer Chains |Configuration versus conformation; rotational isomerism, |

| | |flexibility-stiffness-rigidity concepts; conformationally dependent|

| | |physical properties such as geometric, shape, electrical and |

| | |optical, their estimation and calculations and behavior; theta (() |

| | |condition (chain) concept |

|4 |Behavior and properties of polymers in solutions |Dilute solutions: theta (() solvent, poor solvent and good solvent|

| | |and scaling behavior of properties; intrinsic viscosity, inherent |

| | |and relative viscosity concepts, Flory-Fox relationship between |

| | |viscosity and molecular weights (universal relationship) |

| | |Semi-dilute and concentrated solutions: Scaling of chain |

| | |dimensions, polymer chain overlaps |

| | |Diffusion behavior of polymers in solution |

| | |Thermodynamics of polymer solutions: Flory free energy, lattice |

| | |model/theory, mixing energetics, entropy and enthalpy etc. |

|5 |Polymer chemistry: Synthesis and polymerization reactions |Physical systems of preparation; classification of polymerization |

| | |reactions; Homogeneous phase polymerization: free radical, chain |

| | |growth, condensation, step-growth; aromatic electrophilic |

| | |substitution reactions, addition-elimination reactions, carbonyl |

| | |addition-substitution reactions, nucleophillic substitution |

| | |reactions, Kinetics of various types of polymerizations, |

| | |Heterogeneous phase polymerization: emulsion (radical), chain |

| | |growth, Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Metallocene, Ring opening, |

| | |carbonyl reactions, cationic, anionic, mini-µ-emulsion |

| | |methodologies |

| | |Various applications of polymerization techniques to |

| | |technologically useful polymers |

| | |Influence of various conditions on reactions; polycondensation |

| | |reactions: bulk, interfacial and solid-state types; inorganic |

| | |polymers, multiple-bond addition reaction; various important |

| | |classes of polymers with respect to polymerization reactions/method|

| | |of preparation – hydrocarbon polymers, polyacrylates, polyesters, |

| | |polyurethanes, paolycarbonates, polyolefins, polyethers, |

| | |engineering thermoplastics, polyamides etc., organosilicon |

| | |polymers, organometallic polymers |

| | |Polymer degradation reactions |

|6 |Physical behavior of condensed polymer phases & materials |States: crystalline, semicrystalline, amorphous (glassy), melt |

| | |Glass transition and melting phenomena and temperatures; properties|

| | |of glassy amorphous state, relaxations and theories, crystal |

| | |structure and properties, transition to melting; Polymer melt |

| | |structure and behavior; Thermodynamics of glassy solid state, |

| | |crystal and melt states; rubbery state, rubbery plateau and |

| | |relaxations; Liquid Crystalline(LC) Polymers and types of |

| | |polymeric LC states |

|7 |Polymer melt state and its properties |Dynamics in melts, entanglement concept, reptation concept and |

| | |theories, chain and segment diffusions, persistant & correlation |

| | |lengths, structure-property relationships, themodynamics of melts, |

| | |viscoelasicity, non-Newtonian behavior |

|8 |Thermodynamics of polymers |Solution, solid state, enthalpy and entropy concepts, free energies|

| | |& calculations, theories and models of mixing and phase behavior, |

| | |PVT relationships in polymer melts, polymer-polymer blends, |

| | |surfaces and interfaces, statistical mechanical treatments and |

| | |models |

|9 |Rubber elasticity and polymer networks |Gels, cross-linking reactions, network topology, concept of network|

| | |functionality, network relaxation theories and physics, rubber-like|

| | |elasticity, photoelasticity, engineering properties of polymer |

| | |networks |

|10 |Physics and physical properties of condensed polymer states |Solid state properties: thermal, electrical, dielectric, magnetic |

| |and phases |resonance, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, plasticity, fracture, |

| | |and optical |

| | |Melt state properties: dynamics, diffusion, viscoelastic, |

| | |rheo-optical, rheological |

|11 |Experimental Characterization methods for polymer structure |Scattering methods: using (a) X-Ray, (b) Neutrons, (c) Light |

| |and dynamics |Spectroscopy: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Infra Red (FTIR), |

| | |Fluorescence Spectroscopy; Microscopy- optical, scanning and |

| | |transmission electron microscopy |

|12 |Polymer viscoelasticity & rheology |Creep, stress-relaxation, linear viscoelasticity, constitutive |

| | |equations, viscoelastic models-Maxwell, Kelvin, Generalized Maxwell|

| | |and Generalized Kelvin, Burgers-4 element model, creep compliance |

| | |and relaxation modulus, complex modulus & compliance, temperature |

| | |effect, Time-temparature superposition, WLF relation |

|13 |Mechanical properties of solid polymer phases |Tensile properties: elastic, yield, plastic, failure, stress-strain|

| | |curve, compressive behavior, Poisson’s ratio, elastic modulus and |

| | |strength, ductility, shear plasticity, brittle-ductile transitions,|

| | |fracture, crazing behavior, impact strength behavior |

|14 |Polymer processing: fundamentals and applications |Viscoelastic fluid relationships, constitutive equations, Maxwell, |

| | |Boger, Lodge fluids, viscoplastic fluids, codeformation derivative,|

| | |elongational and shear viscosities, complex viscosity, Cox-Merz |

| | |rule, Jaumann-Maxwell fluid, models of fluids based on bead-spring |

| | |molecular chains, Poiseuille flow,, elastic phenomena, Die Swell |

|15 |Polymer engineering: concepts, properties and applications |Extrusion, calendaring, injection molding, coating, fiber spinning,|

| | |compression molding |

|16 |Practical and commercial applications of various polymers in |Various important synthetic and biopolymers of utility in the |

| |society |present age |

|17 |Advanced topics in science and engineering of macromolecules |Surfaces and interfaces, |

| | |composites and nanocomposites (hybrid materials), |

| | |self-assembly in solution, |

| | |complex fluids containing polymers, |

| | |functional polymers, stars and hyperbranched polymers, |

| | |organic molecular electronics and optoelectronics, nanoscience & |

| | |nanotechnology |

Polymer Material Science & Engineering

Course Instructor: Professor Dr. Upendra Natarajan

Comprehensive List of Text Books and Reference Books (entire set not required)

1. Fred W.Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley, New York, 2000.

2. P.J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press, 1993.

3. Carraher Charles, Polymer Chemistry, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2001.

4. A. Tager, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Mir Publishers, 1978.

5. Paul C. Painter and Micheal M. Coleman, Fundamentals of Polymer Science, Technomic, Lanchester, 1997.

6. G C Odian, Principles of Polymerization, Oxford University, Singapore, 1999..

7. Malcolm P.Stevens, Polymer Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York , 1999.

8. Harry R Allcock and Frederick W Lampe, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, Second edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1990.

9. Charles E Carraher Jr., Polymer Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2000.

10. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

11. Ulf W. Gedde, Polymer Physics, Chapman & Hall, UK, 1995.

12. D R Paul and S Newman, Polymer Blends Vol I & II, Academic Press , New York, 1978.

13. Maurice Morton, Rubber Technology, 3rd Ed, Kluwer Academic Pub, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1999

14. D.W. Van Krevelen & P.J. Hoftyzen, Properties of Polymers, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam-Oxford-Newyork, 1990.

15. A. Brydson, Flow Properties of Polymer Melts, Illife Books, London, 1978

16. J M G Cowie, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Nelson Thornes, UK, 1991.

17. V R Gowariker, N V Viswanathan and Jayadev Sreedhar, Polymer Science, New Age International Limited Publishers, New Delhi, 2003.

18. H.F.Mark, (Ed), Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, New York ,1989.

19. D.V. Rosato and Rosato, Injection Moulding Handbook Complete Molding Operation, Technology, Performance and Economics, CBS Publishers New Delhi, 1987.

20. Chris Rauwendaal, Polymer Extrusion, Hanser, 2001

21. John M. Dealy and Kurt F. Wissburn, Melt Rheology and its Role in Plastics Processing, Chapman, London, 1995

Books highlighted in “Blue Color” are available in Economy/Eastern Economy Editions/Asian editions in relatively inexpensive cost.

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