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Paper 1 - Revision Notes 4 – 20th century medicineInstructionsTyped revision notes Size 12Answer in full sentences. Write out the question.Question 1 Explain why there was progress in the understanding of the cause of disease in 20th century?Use pages 18 and 19 to help you select 3 reasons. Use case study on lung cancer page 23 to select examples.Paragraph 1 There was huge change because we understood the role of genetics in causing disease; thanks to the work of the scientists.In 20th Century the work of Watson and Crick was important because it meant…Wilkins and Franklin’s work was also important in 1953 because…The Genome Project was also important because…Whereas previously, scientists did not understand the role of genetics in causing diseases such as…Therefore an understanding of how genetic causes of diseases means…Paragraph 2 In 20th century we have also developed an understanding of how lifestyle choices cause disease thanks also to scientific research.For example, research has linked Smoking to….Alcohol to…Diet to…Whereas previously, there was no hard evidence to link lifestyle choices to disease, which meant…Changing lifestyle choices to prevent diseases has thus led to major advancements for example in reduction of lung cancer…Paragraph 3 Diagnosis has also improved thanks to developments in technologyPreviously in 19th C doctors relied on….(what?). to diagnose illnessHowever, in 20th C doctors could use…For example, in the diagnosis of lung cancer doctors use…This has been a big improvement because…Question 2Explain why there have been major advancements in the treatment of diseases in 20th century?Use page 20 to identify reasons and page 22 to use case study of penicillin as examples.Paragraph 1 There were huge advancements in treatment because of discovery of magic bullets by…Describe the discoveryCompare to the dangerous use of chemical treatments during the Renaissance Explain why the discovery of magic bullets was a huge advancement.Paragraph 2There were huge advancements in treatment because of discovery of anti-bioticsDescribe the discovery of first anti-biotic and how they subsequently developedCompare to the unsatisfactory treatments used in 19th centuryExplain why the discovery of anti-biotics was a huge advancement.Paragraph 3 There were huge advancements in treatment because of discovery of advanced surgeryDescribe the development of keyhole, microsurgery and robotic surgeryDescribe how blood transfusions also improvedExplain why surgery better in 20th century than 19th century and why helped in World War I.Paragraph 4 – USE PAGE 21 of the revision guide – NHS should be put under TREATMENTThe creation of the NHS in 1948 led to major advances in treatment in 20th century.Describe why and how the NHS was first created. Compare to hospital care in early 1900s when hospital care was provided under the National Insurance Act of 1911. Who was left out under this provision?Explain why the NHS changed the nature and public expectations for medical treatment.Question 3 Explain why there was rapid progress in the prevention of disease?Use page 21 and the case study of lung cancer on page 23.The establishment of compulsory of vaccinations has led to rapid progress in the prevention of disease, thanks to government intervention.Describe what vaccines were discovered in 20th centuryExplain why government made vaccination compulsory on a large scale.Explain why vaccinations led to rapid progress in prevention of disease (if you can use statistics showing death rate falling in major epidemics)Better public health and environmental awareness has helped prevent disease more.Describe some of the laws passed to improve health and safety, street cleanliness, air and water pare to previous acts passed by government in 19th century – how were 19th C Acts less comprehensive?Explain why government intervention important to achieve rapid progress?Lifestyle campaigns in the media have been essential in preventing disease. They have helped change public attitudes.Describe some lifestyle campaignsDescribe specific example of campaigns to prevent lung pare to public attitudes towards smoking, before such campaignsWhy these campaigns by government in media important?Question 4 Explain why the development of pencilling finally made rapid progressUse page 22Explain why discovery of Penicillin progress in treatmentDescribe discovery – key detail.Explain why discovery important but why this discovery was also limittedThe work of Florey and Chain was vital to further progress in discovery of penicillin because…Describe work of Florey and ChainExplain why their work was more important than Fleming in the development of penicillin.It was not however World War II that Penicillin was finally recognised and developed on a mass scale.How did development of penicillin improve further in America by 1941?Why did America’s entrance into World War II accelerate progress?Why has the development of penicillin on a mass scale led to rapid progress, where as previously progress been very slow? ................
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