CIVICS & ECONOMICS EOC REVIEW …
CIVICS EOC REVIEW Name_______________________
1. Geographic Economic Political Religious
|Northern Colonies |Rocky soil, ragged |Furs, fishing, timber, trade,|Direct democracy through town meetings,|Wanted religious freedom (Puritans/ |
|MA, CT, RI |coastlines, harsh winters |shipbuilding |government influenced by religion |Separatists) in England, religious |
| | | | |fanaticism results in Salem Witch |
| | | | |Trials |
|Middle Colonies |Ports and harbors, “bread |Livestock, iron, wheat, |People with $$ are most influential, |Religious freedom |
|PA, MD, DE, NJ, NY|basket” |barley, corn, fishing, |proprietary colonies |(MD- Catholics, PA-Quakers) |
| | |shipping | | |
|Southern Colonies |Flat land, warm climate, |Cash crops- tobacco, indigo, |Royal colonies – king will appoint |not religious |
|NC, SC, GA, VA |harbors and ports, fertile |rice |governor and legislature, GA-debtor’s | |
| |soil | |colony | |
2. What were the purposes of the following colonial organizations:
joint stock company: investors want to make $$$$$ off of colony
proprietary: king grants land to friend- friend makes rules for the colony
royal: king grants land to friend- king makes rules for the colony
3. Illustrate the movement of goods and people in the triangular trade route.
America Europe
Middle
Passage
Africa
3. What role did slaves and indentured servants play in the colonies?
Cheap source of labor for agricultural use
4. What is mercantilism?
England buys cheap natural resources from the colonies, turns them into finished goods to sell back to the colonies- hoping to achieve major profit, and a favorable balance of trade
5. Where was the first permanent English settlement in North America? Jamestown
6. What was the Virginia House of Burgesses? What English tradition influenced its structure?
First Legislative body in the colonies – 1619
Parliament influenced structure
7. Who landed at Plymouth and why did they leave England?
Puritans – looking for religious freedom
8. What is a compact?
Written agreement
9. What did the Mayflower Compact create?
Rules to govern Plymouth colony – direct democracy through town meetings
10. What two bodies made up the government of each of the 13 colonies?
legislative body & governor
11. How was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut similar to the Mayflower Compact?
Create governments in colonies
12. Enlightenment Thinkers
Main Ideas Influence
|Locke |-Natural rights – life, liberty, property |Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of |
| |- consent of governed – when you lose consent of governed, they can replace you- |Independence |
| |“social contract” | |
|Hobbes |-Absolute rule by kings | |
| |– government absolutely has to exist – life without is poor, nasty, solitary, brutish,| |
| |short | |
|Montesquieu |Separation of powers – no one group should have power |Constitution’s creation of three governmental|
| | |branches |
|Rousseau |Social contract – idea that you have a bargain with people you are ruling – when two |Declaration of Independence |
| |sides can no longer agree, gov’t can be replaced | |
| | | |
| | | |
13. How did the Magna Carta limit the power of the English king?
1215 – king could not take away the rights of the nobles – have certain rights – e.g. trial by jury
14. How did the English Bill of Rights limit the power of the government?
Extended the rights that were in Magna Carta to all people
15. How did the Albany Plan of Union encourage self-government in the colonies?
Creation of Benjamin Franklin – in battles with Native Americans that the American colonies needed to stand as one against the natives—previously allowed Britain to fight for us
16. What was salutary neglect?
King leaving colonies alone to rule themselves until after the French and Indian War
How will colonists’ feelings toward this practice change in 1763?
King ended salutary neglect, restricted movement of the colonists, and raised taxes— colonists weren’t happy
17. How did the economic practice of mercantilism cause colonists to feel about mother England?
Not happy about having their only choice of goods being British—were not allowed to trade unless it was on English ships—they saw that England was profiting from mercantilism
18. Know how each event led to calls for independence by the colonists:
French and Indian War-
Proclamation of 1763-
Quartering Act-
Stamp Act (1765)-
“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”
Stamp Act Congress-
Declaratory Act-
Townshend Act-
Boston Massacre (1770)-
Tea Act-
Boston Tea Party (1773)-
Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts-
First Continental Congress-
Lexington and Concord-
Common Sense- written by Thomas Paine, argued that it was just “common sense” to break away from Great Britain
Second Continental Congress-1) met as a response to Lexington and Concord 2) voted to break away from Britain, 3) selected George Washington as commander of Continental Army, 4) sign Declaration of Independence, 5) write first constitution called the Articles of Constitution
19. How did boycotts play a role in colonial rebellion?
Colonists refused to buy British goods—created a feeling in Parliament of unease, which made them end the taxes in some cases, and enact revenge in others
20. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Whose ideas influenced its content?
John Locke
21. What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To declare independence from Great Britain and list the grievances against the King
22. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 create?
Created ways that the Northwest Territories could become states
23. How was the government structured under the Articles of Confederation?
One branch-legislative-all 13 states had to agree to make a law
No federal taxes, voluntary military (mainly state militia), no way to enforce laws made by Congress
24. How did Shay’s Rebellion change people’s opinions about the Articles of Confederation?
Central government could not “squash” the rebellion
What issue was at the center of the rebellion? taxation
25. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
No federal taxes, voluntary military (mainly state militia), no way to enforce laws made by Congress- no executive branch, all 13 states had to agree to make a law (unanimously) so it was nearly impossible to make a new law
26. What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?
Revise the Articles of Confederation
How was the Convention conducted? Who is called the “father of the Constitution?”
In secret James Madison
George Washington presided
27. Constitutional Compromises
Issue
28. Compare the views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists on government.
|Federalists |Anti-Federalists |
|People |People |
|Alexander Hamilton |Thomas Jefferson |
|James Madison | |
|John Jay | |
| | |
|Who should have power? |Who should have power? |
|Central government/federal govt’ |States |
| | |
| | |
|Interpretation of the Constitution |Interpretation of the Constitution |
|“strict interpretation” |Loose interpretation- like exercising implied powers |
| | |
|Rights |Rights |
| |To protect rights of the citizens from violation by federal gov’t |
29. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
To convince the state of NY to adopt the Constitution
30. Explain the key principles included in the Constitution?
Separation of Powers- power of the national government is spread between 3 branches so that no one branch is more powerful than another
Checks and Balances- each branch has the power to check (or limit) the powers of the other two branches. Ex- Congress can override veto of Pres, impeach Pres., approve members to the SC
Rule of Law- every one has to follow the same rules, even the President
Exception- high government jobs carry immunity
Popular Sovereignty- people have the power- shown by voting
Federalism- powers of government are shared between national and state governments- with Federal govt having more power
31. When was the Constitution ratified? Sept. 17, 1787
32. What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights? to protect the rights of individuals from being abused by the Federal government
Who pushed for the inclusion of a bill of rights to the Constitution?
The Anti-Federalists
33. KNOW THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND ALL AMENDMENTS
34. Types of Governments
|Democracy- Rule by the people |Dictatorship/Totalitarian- government controls all aspects of human life, may |
|Direct democracy- people are allowed to have a direct say in the running of |restrict personal and religious freedoms. Rule by one person who controls all |
|government- Ex. everyone votes on a law |aspects of government |
|Representative democracy- we elect people to represent our interests in | |
|government and make choices for us | |
|Theocracy- government based on religious ideas and leader may be a religious |Oligarchy- rule by a few individuals |
|leader | |
|Ex. Pope as leader of Vatican City | |
|Monarchy- rule by a King or Queen- inherited position | |
Goal 2
1. What is stated in the Preamble?
Purposes of new government- establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, secure the future for upcoming generations
“We the people..” = government= people
2. What is “full faith and credit?”
Laws are one state are recognized by other states
3. How does the Constitution allow for flexibility?
Amendment process, amendment 9 says that citizens have other rights than those listed in the Constitution, EXERCISING THE IMPLIED POWERS
4. What are implied powers?
Ones that are not specifically listed in the Constitution
What clause of the Constitution allows for them to be used?
Elastic/ Necessary and Proper
5. Powers of government
6. How does the Constitution create a framework for the US government?
Article 1-Legislative Article 5- Amendment process
Article 2-Executive Article 6- Supremacy Clause
Article 3- Judicial Article 7- says the Constitution becomes valid
(ratified) when 9 states agree to it
Article 4- Relation among States
7. Who is the leader of the House of Representatives? Speaker of the House
8. Who is the official leader of the Senate? VP of the US
What is their only official role in the Senate? Vote in a tie
9. Who is the leader of the Senate in their absence? President pro Tempore
10. How are legislative districts drawn? based on population, redrawn every 10 years after census, drawn by state legislatures
Legislative districts are strangely drawn to elect a particular party/race- Gerrymandering
11. What are the requirements to be a member of
The Senate? The House of Representatives?
30. 25
citizen for 9 citizen for 7
resident of state resident of state (traditional to be district)
12. What are the non-legislative powers of Congress?
Declare war, levy taxes, approval of Presidential appointments, House elects president if Electoral College does not, approve Presidential treaties
13. How is the committee system used in Congress?
Standing- permanent, conference- work out differences in bills, joint- members of both houses, Select- temporary, have special investigations/jobs- 9-11Commission, Warren Commission, Baseball steroids
14. What must happen in order for a bill to become a law?
See “I’m Just a Bill”
15. How can Congress override a presidential veto?
2/3 vote of both houses
16. What tactic is used in the Senate to delay a vote on a bill so that it dies?
Filibuster- talking on and on about a bill. Ended by a 2/3 vote for cloture “closure- to end debate”
17. How can Congress limit the power of the President?
Override Pres. veto, impeach, power to approve/not approve treaties and Presidential appointments to Cabinet/Ambassador
18. Explain the 7 roles of the President.
Chief Executive- hires and fires workers in his administration,
Commander in Chief- power over the armed forces (Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard)
Chief Diplomat- makes treaties, meets with leaders for foreign nations and ambassadors
Economic Leader- makes sure the economy moves smoothly- visits job sites
Party Leader- leader of his/her political party, campaigns for other members of the party who are running for elected office
Legislative Leader- delivers the state of the union address, proposes the federal budget
Head of State- represents our country at events- throwing out first pitch in baseball season, lighting national Christmas tree, hosting foreign dignitaries
19. How does the 25th amendment describe presidential succession?
Vice President will assume the role of the President if he dies/become incapacitated. New President has power to pick new VP.
20. How does the Presidential Succession Act describe presidential succession?
VP( Speaker of the House( President Pro Tempore( Secretary of State( followed by all other Presidential Cabinet secretaries in order of when Dept. was created.
21. How can the president bypass the non-legislative powers of Congress?
Can make Executive Agreements with leaders other nations instead of treaties. Executive agreements do not have to be approved by Congress.
22. Who makes up the US Supreme Court? 8 Associate Justices, 1 Chief Justice= 9 justices
Who appoints them? President Who approves them? Senate (first a hearing by Judiciary committee, then a vote of the full Senate will occur)
23. Examples of Jurisdiction
|Original Jurisdiction |Appellate Jurisdiction |
|Power to hear cases at the Federal level first |Power to hear cases appealed from lower courts |
|Belongs always to District court and SC in a few cases |Belongs to Appeals court |
|Concurrent Jurisdiction |Exclusive Jurisdiction |
|Court case could be heard by either Federal or State courts. |Case can be heard only in Federal court |
|Some crimes violate both Federal and State laws- either court count try them |SC has power to hear cases |
| | |
| | |
24. What limits on power does the Legislative branch have?
Can not pass ex post facto laws (makes something illegal after the fact), pass bills of attainder (be punished without a jury trial), suspend writ to habeas corpus (bring suspect to court and be told what they are being charged with). Congress can not pass laws that violate the Constitution.
SC can declare laws passed by Congress as unconstitutional, President can veto laws passed by Congress.
25. What limits on power does the Executive branch have?
Congress can impeach President (House brings charges, Senate conducts trial and votes on the articles of impeachment); Congress can veto treaties made by President; SC can rule Presidential actions unconstitutional
26. How can the Constitution be changed? Amendments=
2/3 vote by both houses of Congress, and ¾ of all states must approve for it to be added to the Constitution
27. How can the Constitution be “informally” changed? Different interpretations of the constitution by the SC
28. How have Constitutional amendments changed suffrage rights throughout US history?
14th- suffrage to African Americans, 19th- suffrage to women, 23rd- DC residents vote, 24th- ends poll taxes, 26th amendment- voting age changed from 21 to 18
29. Supreme Court Cases
Implied powers of the Constitution Judicial Review
Plessy v. Ferguson Marbury v. Madison
Brown v. Board of Education Elastic Clause
McColloch v. Maryland
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg
Gibbons v. Ogden
Korematsu v. US
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US
Individual Rights
Furman v. Georgia-
Gregg v. Georgia-
Gideon v. Wainwright-
Regents of the University of California
v. Bakke-
New Jersey v. TLO-
Bethel School District v. Fraser-
Tinker v. Des Moines-
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier-
Texas v. Johnson-
Engel v. Vitale-
Miranda v. Arizona-
Mapp v. Ohio-
In re Gault-
30. Why have civil liberties been limited during times of crisis?
Fear of attack/security of the nation overrides personal freedom- ex- World War II Japanese internment; 9/11 aftermath- Patriot Act
31. What are some services governments provide?
Federal- military protection, Medicare/Medicaid, Social Security
State- Education, health services,
32. Define revenue:
Government income- raised through taxes, utility user fees
33. Fill in the chart:
|What it is |Type (progressive, regressive, etc.) |
|Income tax levied by federal and state governments on individuals and corporations- taxed on |Progressive- those with higher incomes pay more |
|the amount of money you make in a calendar year | |
|Sales tax levied by state governments on items purchased |Regressive- although everyone pays the same %, the |
| |percentage of total income spent on this tax is highest at |
| |the lowest income levels |
|Payroll tax Social Security and Medicare automatically deducted from paycheck by the federal |regressive |
|government | |
|Excise tax tax placed on specific items, usually alcohol, tobacco, or gasoline- sometimes |regressive |
|called “sin” tax, used to discourage consumption | |
|Estate and gift taxes taxes that are paid on property after it is inherited | |
|Customs duties taxes placed on products that are brought into the country from foreign nations | |
32. What is the largest expenditure of the federal government?
Varies- generally social security, but currently defense is highest
33. What is Medicare? Medicaid?
Heatlth care provided by Federal government- cost is shared with state and local governments. Medicare is for elderly, Medicaid is for low income
34. What is the difference between a Progressive Tax and a Regressive Tax?
Progressive taxes create low tax burdens on those with low incomes and higher tax burdens as income increases. Regresssive creates higher tax burdens on low income and lower tax burdens on higher incomes
35. Describe each of the following Regressive Taxes:
a. Social Security Tax- above
b. Excise Tax- above
c. Property Tax- tax that is paid to local governments for houses as well as automobiles.
d. Sales- above
36. Describe each of the following Progressive Taxes:
a. Income Tax: above
b. Corporate income Tax: above
37. What government agencies protect the safety of citizens?
| |Crime Control |National Security |Transportation |Immigration |Forming Policies |
|Federal |FBI, US Marshals |Army, Navy, Marines, Coast|Department of Transportation |ICE |Within the executive |
| | |Guard | |Border Patrol |branches of each level of |
| | | | | |government, different |
| |SBI, State Trooper, |National Guard |Department of Transportation, | |agencies are responsible |
|State |Highway Patrol, | |DMV | |for forming policies |
| |DMV | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| |Sheriff, | |Municipal Transit Authorities | | |
| |Metropolitan Police | |(CATS in Charlotte, ex) | | |
|Local | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
GOAL 3:
1. How many constitutions has North Carolina had? 3- 1776, 1867, and 1971
2. What is a charter? Permission given my government in order to form local governments
What role does the NC government play in the creation of local governments? New counties and cities must obtain a charter from the NC General Assembly before they can organize
3. What branches of state government does the NC Constitution create?
Executive, legislative, and judicial
4. Fill in the chart:
|BRANCH |WHO MAKES IT UP |WHAT IS THE JOB |
|Executive branch |Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Governor’s Cabinet (appointed by Governor), and the |Enforce the laws passed by the General Assembly |
| |Council of State (elected by the people of North Carolina | |
|Legislative branch |General Assembly composed of two houses- House of Representative (120) and Senate |Make laws of North Carolina- called Statutes |
| |(50 members) | |
| | | |
| |Committees of General Assembly | |
|Judicial branch |State Supreme, Appeals, Superior (felonies), and District Courts (misdemeanors) |Interprets the laws and Constitution of North |
| | |Carolina |
| | | |
| | | |
5. Where in the North Carolina Constitution do we find the rights of citizens?
Article I of the NC Constitution is called the Declaration of Rights- listing the rights of NC citizens
6. How can the North Carolina constitution be changed?
Amendments- must be put on ballot and approved by the citizens of NC in a referendum
7. Who rules on matters affecting the state’s constitution? The NC Supreme Court
8. What is meant by “equal protection of the laws”? everyone, regardless of race, gender, age, is protected by the law but the law is also applied equally to everyone
9. How does the 14th amendment restrict the actions of states? s
amendment provides a broad definition of United States citizenship, superseding the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford that had excluded African Americans. The amendment requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons (not only to citizens) within their jurisdictions and was used in the mid-20th century to dismantle legal segregation, as in Brown v. Board of Education.
10. What power did the governor of North Carolina not have before 1996?
The power to veto legislation passed by the General Assembly.
11. What are the sources of tax money for the state of North Carolina and local governments?
State Local
Personal and corporate income taxes property taxes
Sales tax utility user fees
Excise taxes intergovernmental revenues- from other levels
intergovernmental revenues- from other of government
levels of gov’t
12. Name ways that state and local governments can pay for major projects.
Unlike the federal government, state and local governments are not allowed to run deficits. To pay for major projects, state and local governments may borrow money for major projects- they do this by financing bonds.
Ex. school bonds, parks and rec bonds, and the Community College bonds
13. Give examples of services provided by state and local governments.
State Local
Court system, public schools, consumer Elections, jails, mental health services, public
Protection (Attorney General’s office), schools, social services, utilities, cemeteries, highways, prisons and mental institutions, libraries, street lights, traffic control, animal
state parks shelters, fire protection, land use regulation (zoning, annexation), parks, public housing, solid waste collection, water supply, airports
14. What is an appropriations bill?
A legislative bill giving money to particular government programs
15. What is the largest source of income for:
a. State Governments- individual income tax
b. Local Governments- utility user fees
16. Why does Gaston County Schools answer to the Gaston County Board of Commissioners?
Gaston County Schools, which is a special district called an LEA (Local Education Authority), creates the budget for GCS and hires the superintendent. The Gaston County Board of Commissioners gives Gaston County Schools its money to operate so they have much power over the county school.
17. What was the ruling in the Leandro case? That while everyone is entitled to receive an education in NC, funding does not have to be equal because some districts have more low income students which requires more money to educate.
18. What was the ruling in State v. Mann?
Supreme power of the NC Constitution- slave owners have absolute power over their slaves.
19. What is the difference between a Strong Mayor system and Weak Mayor System?
strong mayors and weak mayors are all elected by the people- weak mayors can only vote at city council meetings if there is a tie. strong mayors have strong executive powers. most NC cities have weak mayors.
GOAL 4
1. What is a political Party and what are the functions of Political Parties?
A group of citizens with common interests who form to get candidates of their own party elected to office.
1. selecting and supporting candidates through nomination
2. inform citizens about issues
3. act as a watchdog- watching the moves of the other party and warning public if necessary
4. operate the government
5. linking the levels of government- ensuring cooperation between fed, state, and local govt
2. What party system do we have in the US? Two party system
What are the major parties? Democrats and Republicans
3. What are third parties? Small, minor political parties
Why do they run for office even though they know they will not win?
They want to influence policy: historically successful third parties initially promoted ideas that were unpopular with Dems and Republicans. Eventually their policy would be adopted by the mainstream parties (Ex. Populists- 8 hour work day, direct election of senators; Progressives- initiatives and referendums)
4. How are parties in a multiparty system able to achieve their political agenda? Multiparty system governments will cause the parties to make agreements with other parties, called consensus. Two or more parties join together to form a majority
5. What are the requirements to vote in North Carolina? Be a citizen of the US, 18 years old, live in your residence for 30 days, not serving sentence as a felon, be registered to vote
6. Define each of the following:
a. Primary Election- vote in one party’s primary, select person to represent the party in the general election
b. Caucus- meetings of local party organizations where a nominee is picked
c. Nominating Convention- held every four years, where delegates nominate their candidates for President and Vice President. Delegates were distributed according to primary and caucus wins
7. What are the various ways your opinion can be influenced?
Personal background (family, religious background, race, income, occupation)
Mass media- newspapers, tv, internet, radio, magazines, movies, music, books
Interest groups- groups with a common interest who try to influence public official and public opinion
8. What three levels of organization are there in political parties? What is the job/goal of each of these levels?
Federal State Local /Precinct
Put on the national nominating Focus on electing party each city or county is
convention for President/ VP members to state office- governor, divided into election
attorney general, state legislature districts called precincts
Write platform at convention
Encourage voter turnout
campaign committees- elect on election day, organize
members to Congress and poll workers on election
day, distribute leaflets about candidates, register
voters
Elect local officials- sheriff, mayor, etc.
Work at the “Grassroots” or neighborhood level
9. What is a precinct?
A geographic area that contains a specific number of voters. All voters in a precinct cast their ballots at the same polling place.
10. What is the difference between a plank and a platform?
Platform- a series of statements expressing the party’s overall principles and beliefs
Plank- individual issues- what the party will do about _____ issue if they are elected
11. What are the five groups on the political spectrum?
Liberals Conservatives
Moderate
Radicals Reactionaries
12. What is the difference between an Initiative and Referendum?
Both are issue votes that occur on the state or local level.
Initiatives- a way for citizens to propose new laws or state Constitutional amendments. Supporters gather signatures, and when there are enough, the proposition goes on the ballot.
Referendum- a way for citizens to approve or reject laws proposed by legislative bodies. Ex- school bonds, liquor by the drink
13. Define and give examples of each:
a. Duty-things that citizens are required to do under penalty: obey laws, pay taxes, serve in military if drafted, serve on jury, testify in court
b. Responsibility- things that citizens should do voluntarily: vote, be informed, respect rights of others, volunteer
c. Volunteerism- work done with no expectation of compensation ($$$)
14. What is a primary election?
Defined earlier
15. Explain the job of the Electoral College?
Indirect method of electing the president. Each state’s winner in Presidential election receives all of the states’ EC votes. This is called the “Winner take all” system. EC votes are determined by adding the number of senators + number of HoR
16. What role do interest groups play in the political process?
Promote the ideas of their members- interest groups use lobbyists to try to persuade law makers, make propaganda
17. What is the job of a lobbyist?
Representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly - make sure laws are passed that are favorable to their interest group, make sure laws are upheld and enforced in court
18. What is the purpose of having laws? Prevent people from harming each other, regulate our interactions with others
19. What are characteristics of good laws? Fair to all, reasonable, understandable, enforceable
20. What are some consequences of not obeying the laws? Prison, jail, community service, probation, fine
21. Examples of ways conflicts can be resolved. Trial, alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
GOAL 5
1. Explain and give an example of each of the following types of Conflict Resolution
a. Mediation third party listens to each side
b. Arbitration third party makes a legally binding decision for both sides
2. What happens to a bill that is introduced in and passed by the House of Representatives?
Goes to appropriate senate committee and then to full Senate for approval
3. What happens to a bill passed by the House with a slightly different version in the Senate?
A conference committee consisting of members of both Houses is created to work out the differences. The new version then must be passed by the House and Senate
4. Define jurisdiction: the ability to hear and decide cases
5. What kinds of cases are handled by federal courts?
Constitutional issues, violations federal laws, disputes between states, disputes between citizens of different states, lawsuit involving the federal government, disputes with foreign governments and treaties, violations of admiralty and maritime law (oceans), US Diplomats
6. Define civil cases:
7. Define criminal cases:
8. What are the steps in a criminal trial? 9. What are the steps in a civil trial?
Goal 6:
What is common law and how did it lead to the development of laws in America?
Describe each of the following laws and how they became incorporated into the American system of laws: Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
Habeas Corpus
Code of Hammurabi
Justinian Codes
Napoleonic Code
The Ten Commandments
Iroquois Nation Constitution
1
|TYPE OF LAW |DEFINITIONS / EXAMPLES |
|CRIMINAL LAW | |
| | |
| | |
|CIVIL LAW | |
| | |
| | |
|CONSTITUTIONAL LAW | |
| | |
|ADMINISTRATIVE LAW | |
| | |
|STATUTORY LAW | |
| | |
| | |
|Precedents | |
| | |
|Prosecution | |
| | |
|Defense | |
| | |
|Lawsuit | |
| | |
|Plaintiff | |
| | |
What is the difference between a statute and an ordinance?
What is the job of the executive branch in the lawmaking process
What role do executive agencies and independent regulatory agencies play concerning laws?
Why is it not acceptable for a person not to be aware of the laws he or she must follow?
How can citizens learn about the laws made at all levels?
Federal Law Enforcement
|Department |What it Does |Agencies Within Department |
|JUSTICE | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|TREASURY | | |
| | | |
| | | |
What roles do each of the following play the law enforcement?:
magistrate
sheriff
state trooper
city police
State Highway Patrol
SBI
|Sentence |What is it/ when would it be used? |
|Long term/short term suspension | |
|Mental institutions | |
|Long term/short term | |
|incarceration | |
|Death penalty | |
|Probation | |
|Parole | |
|Juvenile detention | |
|Community service | |
|House arrest | |
|Boot camp | |
How is rehabilitation different from punishment?
What are the purposes of punishment?
It is the job of the __________________________ to decide innocence or guilt and the job of the ______________________to pass sentence.
What problem has been created by the push for longer jail terms?
GOAL 7: Factors of Production
1. Fill in the chart: FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
|FACTOR OF PRODUCTION |DEFINITION |EXAMPLES |
| | | |
|Capital | | |
| |Someone who risks time, money and has idea to start business | |
|Entrepreneurship | | |
| | | |
|Labor | | |
| |Renewable resources- | |
|Land/ | | |
|Natural Resources | | |
| |Non-renewable resources- | |
| | | |
2. What is economics the study of?
3. What is the difference between a want and a need?
4. What are the three essential economic questions that all societies must answer?
5. How do businesses use their factors of production?
In the way that they will be the most productive-make them the most profit
Important economic terms
Give the definition and an example of each
|Economic term |Definition |Example |
|Trade off | | |
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|Opportunity cost | | |
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|Fixed costs | | |
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|Variable costs | | |
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|Total cost | | |
|Incentive | | |
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Define scarcity:
Why does scarcity exist?
Why is scarcity called the fundamental economic problem?
Because of scarcity, producers must make __________________________________.
What happens to production costs and prices if resources are scarce or expensive?
Define consumer:
How can specialization and the division of labor increase output?
What are capital goods and what are some examples?
Define human capital:
Why are businesses willing to invest time and money into the education of human capital?
What are consumer goods and what are some examples?
Describe the major components of each type of economic system
Market economy Traditional economy
Mixed economy command economy
What important aspect of a free enterprise system was first talked about in Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations?
What is fiscal policy?
Goal 8
What is voluntary exchange?
How do productivity, specialization, and the division of labor ensure efficiency?
How does the 5th amendment protect property ownership?
Patents ©rights-
Fill in the Circular Flow Model
[pic]
What is economic interdependence?
How does the circular flow model demonstrate economic interdependence?
|MARKET |WHAT HAPPENS IN THE MARKET |
|Product Market | |
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|Factor Market | |
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Objective 8.04: Supply, Demand, and Prices
|Supply |Demand |
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|Law of Supply: |Law of Demand: |
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|Supply schedule |Demand schedule |
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|draw a supply curve |draw a demand curve |
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|What are the factors that would change supply? |What are the factors that would change demand? |
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How do substitutes and complements affect supply and demand?
Label the graph of the supply and demand curve appropriately with the following:
Supply curve
Demand curve
Surplus
Shortage
Equilibrium price
Price
Quantity
|TERM |DEFINITION |WHAT HAPPENS TO PRICES |
|Surplus | | |
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|Shortage | | |
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When supply and demand are equal, we have an _______________________ price.
What are the ways the government can control prices? What are some examples of these types of price controls?
What effect does inflation have on prices?
What effect does deflation have on prices?
Why is competition important in our economy?
How do consumers benefit from competition in markets?
How does a monopoly hurt the consumer?
|Horizontal merger | |
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|Vertical merger | |
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|conglomerates | |
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|TYPE OF BUSINESS |DEFINITION |ADVANTAGES |DISADVANTAGES |
|Sole Proprietorship | | | |
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|Partnerships | | | |
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|Corporations | | | |
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Corporation owners are called __________________________. They buy/sell stocks in the ____________________________.
What is a labor union?
What is the difference between craft unions and industrial unions?
When do business leaders and labor unions use collective bargaining?
What is the difference between arbitration and mediation?
What are ways labor unions and businesses attempt to get the other side to agree to their terms?
1. 2.
What did the Taft-Hartley Act do?
How do antitrust laws help maintain competition?
The banking system
|Commercial banks | |
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|Savings and loan associations | |
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|Credit unions | |
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What created the FDIC and what does it do?
What are the three functions of money?
1. 2. 3.
Goal 9:
Describe what is shown on the graph.
What happens to prices and jobs…
During a Recession? During Expansion?
What is GDP? How is that different than real GDP?
How does GDP determine our standard of living?
What is the Consumer Price Index(CPI)? What are some examples of products that are included on this?
Service Industry = fasting growing industry in US
Migration = movement for job or movement of industry (usually to the south or “sun belt” from the north or “Rust belt”)
How do technological advances impact consumers?
How does a war affect consumers and producers?
How has downsizing affected NC consumers and producers?
What happens when there are changes in the economy of one nation?
Types of taxes
|Income tax | |
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|Excise tax | |
|Regressive tax | |
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|Progressive tax | |
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|Proportional tax | |
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|Sales tax | |
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What role does the Fed play in the economy?
Fed’s tools of monetary policy
|Tool of foreign policy |What it is |How it effects the money supply |
|Reserve requirements | | |
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|Discount rate | | |
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|Open market operations | | |
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Expand the money supply = increase the money supply= stimulate the economy
Contract the money supply = decreased the money supply = slow the economy
If the federal reserve raises the discount rate, they want to __________ the money supply and make interest rates ___________.
If the federal reserve lowers the discount rate, they want to __________ the money supply and make interest rates ___________.
If the federal reserve raises the reserve requirement, they want to __________ the money supply.
If the federal reserve lowers the reserve requirement, they want to __________ the money supply.
If the government sells bonds/bills on the open market, they want to __________ the money supply.
If the government buys bonds/bills on the open market, they want to __________ the money supply.
When talking about the stock market, what are a bull market and a bear market?
Goal 10
What are ways to give back to the community?
What are some legal responsibilities every American should do?
*What are characteristics or being a good citizen in a community?
What are some issues that are affecting today’s society?
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Representation
New Jersey plan- “Small state plan”- wanted a gov’t that had 3 branches- same branches as VA plan- but wanted state’s representatives to be based on EQUAL representation- all states have 1 vote
Virginia plan- “Large state plan”- wanted a gov’t that had 3 branches- leg, exec, jud- and wanted the state’s representatives in Congress to be based on population
The Great Compromise- “Connecticut Compromise”- Roger Sherman of Connecticut proposes a plan that has a two house Legislature- a HoR based on population and a Senate based on equal representation
Slavery
3/5 Compromise- for every five slaves counted, 3 will be counted towards representation in congress
Electing the President
Electoral College
Federal (Enumerated/
Delegated/Expressed)
• Coin money
• Maintaining Army and Navy
• Declaring war
• Regulating trade between states and foreign countries
• Carrying out expressed powers
Shared (Concurrent)
• Establishing courts
• Enforcing laws
• Collect taxes
• Borrow money
• Provide for general welfare
State only (Reserved)
• Regulate trade within the state
• Protect public safety and welfare (police, fire, EMS)
• Conduct elections
• Establishing local governments (power given in state Constitution)
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