Tim’s Bio 17 Homework Assignments



Homework Assignments for Unit 1

Assignment # 1 (Chapter 3)

Chapter 3 – Proximate Perspectives

1) What are ultimate perspectives (causes)? What are proximate perspectives (causes)?

2) What is the endocrine system?

3) What is an axon? What is its structure? What is a dendrite? How does it differ from an axon?

4) Nerve cells fire the same way each time. What are the two ways nervous systems gauge the strength of a stimulus?

5) What is neural plasticity?

6) What is unihemispheric sleep? What animal was used in this study? Which of these animals were more likely to sleep this way and why?

7) In temperature experiments in wasps, what two effects were observed in wasps exposed to cold temperatures during development?

8) What is a mushroom body in honeybees? What type of behavior is a large mushroom body associated with? What two hormones are associated with this behavior?

From the article: “The Limits of Intelligence”

1) Although elephants have a large brain, what problems do this cause?

2) Dubois worked to define a precise mathematical relationship between brain and body mass. What was the relationship Dubois’s successors found? What is the encephalization quotient? What is the quotient for humans? Dolphins? Monkeys? Oxen?

3) In the expanded brains in birds and mammals, what is the advantage of more neural pathways? What is the disadvantage? What percent body weight is the human brain? How much energy does it use? How much energy does a newborn baby’s brain use?

4) What are the two things that happen when brains expand from species to species? How does the first one affect axons? What problem does the second one solve?

5) What did Kaas discover about primate brains (How do they differ from most mammal brains)? What are the two advantages in having small neurons?

6) What are the four ways that brains could get smarter? What are the reasons these ways wouldn’t work?

7) The human mind may have better ways of expanding without the need of further biological evolution. What are the two suggested by the article.

From the article, What's in your mind:

9) According to ancient Egyptians, where did consciousness reside? What did they do with the brains of the dead?

10) What is phrenology?

11) Where is Corina's tumor located? What does this area of the brain do?

12) What is OIS and fMRI?

13) Describe what happens in the brain when a person who is afraid of spiders sees a spider.

14) What is different about the brains of London taxi drivers?

15) If a person is afraid of snakes, is it due to learning or genetics?

16) Tito has what type of brain disorder? How does this happen?

17) What is perfect pitch? What ethnic groups are most likely to have perfect pitch? Why?

18) What does Alice Flaherty do as a profession? What brain disorder does she have?

19) Can meditation literally change the mind?

Assignment #2 (Chapters 4 & 5)

Chapter 4 – Learning

1) What is phenotypic plasticity?

2) What is the difference between sensitization and habituation?

3) Explain what Classical Conditioning is? Who is it named after?

4) Explain how blocking, overshadowing, and latent inhibition effect learnability?

5) What is Operant Conditioning? Who is it named after?

6) Why might it be important for animals to be able to learn?

7) What type of things might an animal learn and why?

Chapter 5 – Cultural Transmission

8) What is Imo and why is she important in animal behavior?

9) Why is cultural transmission important?

10) What is the difference between local enhancement and social facilitation?

11) Describe the three modes of Cultural Transmission and how they are different.

Unit 1 – Study Guide

Be sure to study the figures and diagrams presented in lecture. Know what behavior is demonstrated and the animal involved. Make sure you can answer the homework questions. Some essay questions will be very similar (but not necessarily exact) to homework questions. Be sure to know these words/terms!: Ethology, Proximate analysis, Ultimate analysis, xenophobia, artificial selection, natural selection, phenotype, genotype, allele, fitness, adaptation, Phenotypic Plasticity, San Diego Wild Animal Park, sensitization, habituation, Pavlov, Skinner, Thorndike, Classical Conditioning, Conditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response, appetitive stimulus, aversive stimulus, excitatory conditioning, inhibitory conditioning, blocking, overshadowing, latent inhibition, operant conditioning, Imo, Cultural Transmission, Local Enhancement, Social Facilitation, Social Learning, Bandura, “Bobo” doll, imitation, copying, Teaching, Vertical Cultural Transmission, Horizontal Cultural Transmission, Oblique Cultural Transmission, Beaching, Sponging, encephalization quotient, hormones, target cells, activational effects, organizational effects, corticosterones, neurons, axons, dendrites, nodes of Ranvier, synaptic terminals, Schwann cells, ganglion, nuclei, reflex, membrane potential, threshold potential, resting state, depolarization, salatory conduction, refractory period, neurotransmitters, subthreshold, temporal summation, spatial summation, inhibitor, autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system, sympathetic division, parasympathetic division, neural plasticity, unihemispheric sleep, Zenk gene, Orientation flight, Per gene, JH, and Ocotpamine. Know the parts of the brain and their functions. Know the invertebrate endocrine system discussed, know how an action potential works, Know how a chemical synapse works. What are the four ways that brains could get smarter? What are the reasons these ways wouldn’t work? What are the two things that happen when brains expand from species to species? How does the first one affect axons? What problem does the second one solve?

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