Conjunctive adverbs - Home - West Middle School



← Conjunctive adverbs DO function as conjunctions by connecting parts of sentences.

← They usually join two INDEPENDENT CLAUSES (sentences).

Two Purposes of Conjunctive Adverbs:

1) Show Relationship - The primary purpose of conjunctive adverbs is to show a relationship (compare, contrast, cause-effect, sequence, indicate time, etc.) between ideas in two separate clauses not simply to join main clauses.

EX:  The pasta is good; however, the mystery dish is disgusting.

RELATIONSHIP SHOWN: ___________________________

(2) Provide Transition - All conjunctive adverbs are transitional (show changing of ideas). AGAIN, they can be used to show relationships (such as compare, contrast, cause-effect, sequence, indicate time, etc.). 

← When two clauses are connected/related by a conjunctive adverb, they must:

A. …be separated by a period

EX: John did not want to go to the library on Friday. However, he knew he needed to write his paper.

OR

B. …be combined by a semicolon (followed by a comma).

EX:  John did not want to go to the library on Friday; however, he knew he needed to write his paper.

FORMULA: [independent clause]; conjunctive adverb, [independent clause].

Become FAMILIAR with the following list of commonly used

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS (and when/how to use):

|Accordingly (for that reason) |**Otherwise (contrast) |

|Afterwards (sequence) |**So (cause-effect) |

|Again (repeating an idea) |Meanwhile (for the moment; for now) |

|Anyhow (at any rate) |Similarly (equally; in the same way) |

|Also (adding information) |Subsequently (consequently; as a result) |

|Consequently (as a result of something) |Next (sequence) |

|Conversely (opposition) |Still |

|However (opposition) |Therefore (as a result) |

|Indeed (express agreement) |Finally (lastly; as a final point) |

|Likewise (similar) |Furthermore (adding information) |

|Moreover (adding information to prove) |Besides (as well; in addition) |

|Nevertheless (in spite of; regardless) |In fact (adding a fact/proving point) |

|Nonetheless (in spite of; regardless) |Then |

|Instead (in its place; an alternative) |Further |

|Thus (as a result; consequence) |Hence (in the future) |

EXAMPLES OF USING CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS:

EX. 1—The president will be attending the lecture; accordingly, the vice president will be available for the luncheon. Relationship: ___________________________

EX. 2—Jamie wanted to see “Mission Impossible”; however, Nick wanted to see “28 Days.” Relationship: ___________________________

✓ Conjunctive adverbs “so” and “otherwise” DO NOT require a comma following them when being used to join independent clauses.

Examples of PROPERLY using “so” and “otherwise” (as conjunctive adverbs):

EX. 1—The best candidate for the job missed her flight; so we will postpone the interviews until tomorrow.

EX. 2—You will need to focus on the goal; otherwise it is easy to get distracted.

Conjunctive Adverbs CAN be moved within a sentence making them TRANSITIONAL:

• A conjunctive adverb can introduce (or begin), interrupt, or conclude (or end) a single independent sentence.

• In this situation, you will often need commas to separate the conjunctive adverb from the rest of the sentence.

(1) However, the movie was good. (conjunctive adverb appears in the ___________________)

(Comma appears __________________ the conjunctive adverb)

2) The movie, however, was good.   (conjunctive adverb appears in the ________________)

(Comma appears ___________________ the conjunctive adverb)

3) The movie was good, however. (conjunctive adverb appears at the ___________________)

(Comma appears ____________________ the conjunctive adverb)

Guided Practice: (1) READ the sentence carefully. (2) CIRCLE the answer choice that contains the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

[pic]

|1. |Raul is at the basketball __________________ he cannot be with us tonight. |

[pic] A. game, therefore

[pic] B. game; therefore,

[pic] C. game, therefore,

[pic]

|2. |You don't have enough __________________ we can lend you some. |

[pic] A. money; however

[pic] B. money; however,

[pic] C. money, however,

[pic]

|3. |It is the last game of the __________________ we will never play together again. |

[pic] A. season; furthermore,

[pic] B. season, furthermore

[pic] C. season; furthermore

4. The gods thundered in the _________________ the mortals below cowered in fear.

A. heavens; consequently,

B. heavens, consequently;

C. heavens; consequently

5. The bank robber dodged the ___________________ Jackson was shot seventeen times in the tibia.

A. bullet; meanwhile

B. bullet; meanwhile,

C. bullet; meanwhile;

6. Arianna appreciates the ______________________ a Corvette would be a finer gift.

A. flowers; still

B. flowers; still,

C. flowers, still;[pic]

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