Unit 3 Cellular Energy Flow in Organisms

[Pages:6]ENERGY FLOW IN ORGANISMS Section 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy

Objectives 1-3

Main Idea ? Transformation of Energy (Pages 218-219) Objective 1: The Need for Energy

___________________is___________________________________________________ All Living organisms must be able to: 1.______________________________________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ Uses of Energy: 1. _____________________ - like during the building of molecules, membranes and organelles. 2. _________________ - cellular as in maintaining ____________________________.

Main Idea ? ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy (Page 221) Objective 2: ATP Stores and Releases Energy

_________________ for the cell is ______________ stored in the _________________ of the energy molecule ATP (________________________________). When the bonds in ____________ are broken, that energy is used indirectly to form __________. Breaking the bonds between ____________________ releases a great deal of energy and results in a molecule called ___________. The formation and breakdown recycling activity keeps the _________ from having to _____________ all of the __________ it needs. As long as ______________________ molecules are _____________________ the cell has an _________________________________________.

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Summarize)ATP!and!ADP!

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ATP) Explain!how!your!body!uses! ATP,!and!list!the!three!parts!of!

ADP)

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Explain!how!ADP!is!made!from!

ATP.!

the!molecule.!

Objective 3: Sustaining Life Requires Substantial Energy and Matter Inputs Structural organization of organisms __________________________ the capture, _____________________, ___________________________, ___________________________, and elimination of ___________________________ and ________________________ to sustain them.

As __________________ and ___________________ flow through organizational levels of _____________________ systems, chemical __________________________

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recombine in different ways to form different __________________________________. The result of the chemical reactions is that _____________________ is _____________________________ from one system of interacting _____________________________ to another.

H20 +

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In most cases, energy needed for life is ultimately derived from the sun through _________________________ Compare photosynthetic and chemosynthetic Autotrophs: ! )

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Sequence the flow of energy from the Sun to heterotrophs

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__________________ and algae are the ___________________________________ for animals, the animals that _______ __________________________, and the _____________________________ and therefore _____________________________ the ________________________________________________________________________

Main)Idea)?)Light)Energy)is)Trapped)and)Converted)into)Chemical)Energy)During)

Photosynthesis)(Section)8.2)pages)222D225))Photosynthesis)

) Objectives)4D5:))Give)an)Overview)of)Photosynthesis) Summarize)the!functions!of!the!light!dependent!and!light!independent!reaction!by! completing!the!sentences.! !

Plants!and!other!green!organisms!___________________________________________!from!__________________.!

The!light!dependent!reactions!convert!_________________________________!!from!the!sun!into!the!

molecules!______________________!and_____________________!ATP!is!______________________!energy!.!The!

light!independent!reactions,!uses!the!__________________!to!make!___________________________.!The!

first!phase!of!photosynthesis!occurs!in!the!________________________!membrane!of!the!

_______________________________.!

Compare)chloroplasts!and!chlorophyll.!

Photosynthesis)

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Chloroplast)

Chlorophyll)

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Analyze)how!leaves!change!color!in!the!fall:_________________________________________________________!

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________!

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________!

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Light- Dependent Reaction: Photons

4e-

4e-

e-

e- ATP

ADP

e-

e-

ee-

ADP

ATP e-

e-

4e2H2O 4H+ + O2

4e-

e-

2NADP + 2H+ NADPH2

) )

Objective)6:)Describe)the)Light)Independent)Calvin)Cycle)(Page)226)) Model)the!lightGdependent!reactions!in!a!flow!chart.!! !

3CO2

3C6

6C3

ATP ADP + P

3C5

Calvin

Cycle

5C3

ATP ADP + P NADPH2

NADP + 2H 6C3

C3 (PGAL)

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

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Compare)the!lightGdependent!and!light!Independent!reactions!in!a!Venn!diagram.!!Put!each!

phrase!in!the!correct!part.!

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G forms!stored!energy! !

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G!occurs!in!the!chloroplast!

G makes!NADPH!

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G!occurs!in!the!dark!

G makes!sugar! !

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G!uses!the!Calvin!Cycle!

G needs!sunlight!

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G!uses!electron!transport!chain!

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) Summarize)the!results!of!the!lightGdependent!and!lightGindependent!reactions.! ! ______________________________!triggers!the!light!G!__________________________!reactions,!which! produces!! ! _____________!and!______________________!!!molecules!to!produce!___________________!out!of!! ! _______________________________!and!_________________________________.!! ! Section)8.3)Cellular)Respiration)) Main)Idea)?)Organisms)get)Energy)by)Breaking)Down)Organic)Molecules)During)Cellular) Respiration)(Page)228))) ) Objectives)7D8:)Compare)and)Contrast)Cellular)Respiration)to)Fermentation)and)Explain) How)Cells)get)Energy.) ) Cellular!respiration!?!the!process!by!which!the!__________________________,!using!many!small!

____________,!

____________________!down!_________________________!to!make!ATP!(__________________).!

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Glycolysis:!occurs!in!the!_________________________;!_______________________!

Splits!glucose!(___________),!into!2!pyruvic!acids!(_____________).!

2H + NAD ! NADH2

C6

2C3 (pyruvic acid)

2ADP + 2P ! 2ATP

convert pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

NAD + 2H ! NADH2

2C3

2C2 + 2CO2

pyruvic acid

acetyl CoA

Krebs/Citric Cycle Acid Cycle: occurs in the _____________________. Starts with a 2 carbon compound called ____________________. This step shifts the energy to make ____________________ _________________________. The __________________ in the acetyl CoA will be released as ______.

C2 (acetyl CoA)

CO2 C6

NAD + 2H NADH2

C4

FAD + 2H FADH2

NAD + 2H NADH2 ADP + P ATP

Kreb's Cycle

C4

C5

CO2

NAD + 2H NADH2

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Electron)Transport)Chain)?)occurs!in!the!___________________________.))Uses!the!energy!stored!in!

the!_____________________________________!and!makes!______________.!!NADH2!and!FADH2!!drop!their!

electrons!(hydrogen)!at!the!top!of!the!ETC.!!The!____________________!are!passed!through!the!

chain,!with!the__________________________!gaining!and!__________________!the!_______________________!

atoms.!!As!the__________________________!are!passed!through!the!chain,!______________!is!

made.__________________!catches!or!_______________!with!the!_______________________!at!the!end!of!the!

chain!to!make!___________!molecules!of!____________.!

NAD + 2H+

e-

e-

FADH2 FAD + 2H+

ee-

e-

ADP + P

e-

ATP

e-

e2H+ + O ! H2O

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Rephrase)the!function!of!cellular!respiration!in!your!own!words.!!Write!the!equation!that!

describes!!

it.!

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Function:)

Equation:!

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Compare)and)summarize)the!three!stages!of!cellular!respiration.!

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Glycolysis)

Krebs)Cycle)

Electron)Transport)

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Main)Idea)?)Anaerobic)Respiration)(Pages)231D232))

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An!__________________!process!called!___________________________!can!produce!________!for!_____________!

periods!of!time!in!the!______________________!of!________________________.!!Cannot!produce!enough!

ATP!for!all!of!a!___________________________!organisms!needs.!!The!first!part!of!anaerobic!

respiration!begins!with!

_______________________.!

2H + NAD ! NADH2

C6

2C3 (pyruvic acid)

2ADP + 2P ! 2ATP

The!second!part!of!anaerobic!respiration!follows!two!pathways:!_______________________!

fermentation!and!____________________________!fermentation.!!In!both!_________________!releases!2!

hydrogen!to!make!__________.!!NAD!can!be!reused!in!_____________________________.!

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Cause:!

Fermentation! follows!

It!replaces!the! Krebs!cycle!and!

Fermentation!is! needed!to!

2C3 (pyruvic acid)

NADH2

NAD + 2H

2C2!(ethanol)!+!2CO2!!

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lactic!acid!2C3!

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Lactic!acid!fermentation!supplies!___________________!to!your!_____________________!when!________!

Is!scarce!but!only!makes!________________.!!Lactic!acid!builds!up!in!your!________________________!and!

will! make! them! _________________.! ! ____________________________! fermentation! is! used! under! normal!

conditions!by!__________________________!organisms!like!_________________.!

) Sequence)events!that!lead!to!fermentation!in!aerobic!organisms.! !

Summarize)how!the!process!of!fermentation!is!useful!to!humans.! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________!

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________!

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________!

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Main)Idea)?)Photosynthesis)and)Cellular)Respiration)(Pages)233))Section)8.3) Objective)9:)Compare)and)Contrast)Photosynthesis)and)Cellular)respiration)Including) How)Each)Supports)Biological)Systems) ) Compare)photosynthesis!and!respiration!in!a!Venn!Diagram.!!

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As!___________________!and!_________________!flow!through!different!________________________!levels!of!! Living!systems,!__________________________!elements!are!________________________!in!different!ways!to! form!different!___________________________.!!As!a!result!of!these! ___________________________________________________,!! Energy!is!transferred!from!one!_______________________!of!interacting!__________________________!to! another:!

1) Aerobic!cellular!respiration!is!a!______________________!process!in!which!________________!of! food!molecules!and!__________________!molecules!are!____________________!and!ne!w! compounds!are!formed!that!_________________________!energy!to!______________________.!

2) Anaerobic!respiration!follows!a!different!and!less!_____________________!chemical!pathway! to!provide!____________________!to!cells.!

3) Cellular!respiration!also!releases!______________________!needed!to!maintain!body! _______________________!despite!ongoing!energy!___________________!to!the!environment.!

4) ______________________!and!_______________!are!_______________________!in!each!change!and!is! true!in!all!__________________________!systems;!from!biological!_____________!to! __________________________.!

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