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RELIGION IN AFRICA

RELG/INTS 285 Prof. Leslie G. Desmangles

Email: leslie.desmangles@trincoll.edu McCook 211

DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE

A study of the indigenous African religious traditions with consideration of their interaction with Western traditions. Topics include among others the African concepts, mankind, ancestor reverence, sacrifice, the rites of passage, witchcraft, magic and sorcery.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE

You will read the assignments in their entirety before class.  Readings will be assigned as the course progresses. 

In this course no Incomplete will be given as a final course grade. You will submit all written

assignments, take all examinations and quizzes on the due date, and during the semester in which

you take the course.

Class time is important and essential to the learning process therefore we will follow these simple

rules of courtesy:

1. Refrain from walking in and out of the room during class time.

2. Turn off all cell phones, blackberries, palm pilots, beeping watches and all other

electronic noise producing devices before class.

3. “Texting” during class is prohibited.

4. The use of the Internet including the typing and receiving of e-mails during class time is

prohibited.

You are expected to attend all the classes during the term. You may only miss three classes, and more

than three absences will result in the lowering of your course grade by one letter.

Three major "in-class" examinations (including the final) will be given during the semester.  These will

count as 50 percent of your final course grade. Each member of the class will make an oral presentation

and lead a discussion on an assigned topic.  As a presenter, you are expected to raise questions to the

class and lead a discussion on the subject of the presentation. You will then summarize your presentation

by submitting a paper of 7 pages in length one week after the day of the presentation, a time that will allow

you to incorporate into your paper various suggestions or ideas that emerge from the class discussion.

Your report and paper will count as 25 percent of your final course grade. Papers will due on the day on

which they are due. Late papers will be graded down by one letter.

In addition, three periodic quizzes will be given during the semester; these will count as the remaining 25

percent of your course grade. Rest assured that you cannot receive a passing grade in this

course unless you complete all the assignments during the semester.

Many of you will plan to fly home at the end of the semester, or shortly before or after spring break,

or again before or after weekends. Plan accordingly; make your reservations early during the semester,

and plan to travel on days other than those on which the college is officially in session. Hence, if you

plan to fly home at the end of the semester, make your plane reservation long before final examination

week. The Registrar's Office sets the date for the final examination and publishes it sometime during

the previous academic year for the following year. You should be able to plan your schedule

accordingly. Be assured that the instructor will not give the final examination on any day other than

the one assigned by the college's Registrar's Office. You are expected to take your final

examination on that day.

TEXTS AND ARTICLES

Desmangles, L. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman

Catholicism in Haiti

Eliade, M. Myth and Reality

Magesa, L. African Religion: the Moral Traditions of Abundant

Life

Ray, B. African Traditional Religions

Turner, V. The Forest of Symbol

Zuesse, E. Ritual Cosmos

*ARTICLES AND SELECTIONS FROM BOOKS

Busia "The Ashanti" in African Worlds. Daryll Forde, ed.

Forde, D. African Worlds

Geertz "Religion as a Cultural System"

Griaule. “The Dogon” in African Worlds. Daryll Forde ed.

Jahn Muntu

Lienhardt "The Shilluk" in African Worlds. Daryll Forde, ed.

Linton "Nativistic Movements"

Mbiti African Religion and Philosophy

Middleton "Theories of Magic"

Mugambi, J.N.K. African Heritage and Contemporary Christianity

Tempels Bantu Philosophy

Turnbull The Forest People

READING LIST & COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

A. The Meaning of traditional in African Traditional Religions

Read: Magesa African Religion - Chapter 1

B. Approaches to the study of African Traditional Religions

Read: Ray Introduction- African religions: some basic concepts

Magesa African Religion Chapter 1 – Defining African Religion

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos – Introduction

*Geertz "Religion as a Cultural System"

C. African Religions and Morality

Read: Magesa African Religion Chapter 2

II. Myth and Worldview

Read: Ray African Religion Part I

*Mbiti African Religion and Philosophy" - Concepts of Space and Time"

Eliade Myth and Reality

EXAM

A. The Hunting Religion and Ritual

Read: *Turnbull The Forest People- “The song of the Forest, Chapter 4

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos Chapters 1 and 2

B. Agricultural Religions

Read: *Griaule "The Dogon" (Forde)

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos Chapter 4 – “Maiden and Serpent: Rituals of Space Among the Ila”

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos Chapter 5 – “Primordial Madness”

*Mercier “The Fon” (Forde)

*Desmangles The Faces of the Gods - “Vodou Cosmology”

*Lienhardt "The Shilluk" (Forde)

EXAM

III. Divinity and Experience

A. The Concept of God in African Traditional Religions

Read: Tempels Bantu Philosophy Chapters I & II

Ray African Religions, Chapter 2 - Concepts of God among the Yoruba and the Dinka”

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos, chapter 10 – “The Experience of Trance Possession”

B. African Concept of Self, Ancestral Reverence & Spirit Possessions

Read: Ray African Religions “Man, Ancestors and Ethics” - Chapter 5

*Tempels Chapters 2 and 4

*Busia African Worlds - "The Ashanti"

*Jahn Muntu - "Ntu"

II. Ritual Structures.

A. Religious Specialists

Read: Ray African Religions, Chapter 3, 4- “Religious Authorities”

*Evans-Pritchard The Nuer ,Chapter 12

B. Animal Sacrifice

C. Rite of Passage

Read: Ray African Religions, review Chapter 3

Turner Forest of Symbols, Chapters 1-3

Turner Forest of Symbol, Chapters 4-7

Zuesse Chapter 6- “Esoterism and Bodily Knowledge”

Zuesse Chapter 7- “Initiation and the Meaning of

Knowledge”

Magesa Chapter 3 - Conception, Birth and Initiation

Magesa Chapter 4 - Marriage

EXAM

A. Magic, Witchcraft and Sorcery, Divination, Sacrifices and Offerings

Read: *Middleton "Theories of Magic"

Magesa African Religion, Chapters 5 –“The Enemies of Life”

Magesa African Religion, Chapter 6 – “Restoring the Force of Life”

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos, Chapter 11 – “Divination and

Transcendental Wisdom”

III. New Religious expressions in African and African American religions.

A. General theory of culture change and culture contact.

Read: *Linton "Nativistic Movements"

Ray African Religions, Chapters 6 and 8- “

Zuesse Ritual Cosmos, Chapter 6 - “World Out of Joint, Millenary Cults and Conflict of Experience and Knowledge”

B. African Christianity

Read: Ray Chapter 8

Mugambi African Heritage and … Chapter II-VI

*Desmangles The Faces of the Gods

FINAL EXAM

*Hard copies of these readings are posted on Blackboard.

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