When did independence come for Africa



When did independence come for Africa?

• 1950s and 1960s - An ________________________ movement sweeps through Africa.

• 1960 – ______________ African countries freed themselves from European rule.

• 1961 – 1965 – _____________ more African nations gain their independence.

What challenges were eminent?

After long years of being colonies, Africans had to:

• Build _____________________ and run new nations.

• Ideas such as ______________________ were new to many Africans who had never before participated in an election.

Why did conflict arise?

• Europeans had also drawn boundaries without regards to rival groups.

These tensions often resulted in _______________.

• These tensions are still a source of conflict in the region today.

Ghana

← _____________________African country to _____________________________ in 1957.

← ________________________________ led his people to independence by using _________________ and organizing _______________ like Gandhi had done.

Algeria

← Very ________________________ conflict fought against the ______________________ to gain independence in 1954.

← Led by the ________________________________________________________.

← Independence earned in 1962.

Kenya

← The ______________________ do not want to grant independence to Kenya.

← _______________________________ was the most popular nationalist leader. He claimed to not have any connection to the __________________, a group using _________________________________ to fight against the British.

← However, he was jailed by the British for not condemning the actions of Mau Mau.

← Kenya is granted independence in 1963, and ____________________ is named the ______________________.

Congo

← ________________________________________ competed for control.

← No experience setting up or running a government or economic system after the Europeans left.

← Leads to ___________________________ between the ethnic groups and a ___________________ being established.

← Led to instability in central Africa. Fighting is still going on today.

How has Africa changed in recent years?

• Since the 1990s, many African dictators have felt pressure to change.

• They have been pushed toward _________________________.

• With the fall of the _______________________________, many Africans have wondered why they would allow themselves to suffer with unfair governments and limited rights.

What was apartheid?

• _________________________ means _______________________.

• The white-dominated government divided all South Africans into four classes:

________________

People of European descent

________________

Black South Africans

________________

People of mixed descent

________________

Mostly people of Indian descent

What happened under apartheid?

• White South Africans created this system of ______________________________________________ in the 1940s in order to strengthen their rule.

• Under Apartheid, the government passed laws that limited the rights of blacks:

1. Non-Europeans could not __________________

2. __________________ and _____________________ could hold only the lowest and most dangerous jobs

3. Blacks and natives lived in separate areas with ________________________________.

What did the ANC do?

• The _________________________________________________ (ANC) led the fight against apartheid.

• ____________________________________ - Leader of the ANC, spent 30 years in prison.

What happened with Mandela in prison?

• Mandela became a symbol of the ___________________________________ movement.

• ___________________________ maintained pressure on South African leaders.

• Tutu earned the ______________________________________ in 1984 for his non-violent efforts.

How did other nations feel about apartheid?

• 1980s and 1990s – Other nations begin to take a stand against apartheid.

• _____________________________ Congress passed an anti-apartheid act in 1986 that:

1. Stopped government ___________________ to South Africa

2. Stopped _____________________________ any South African goods

3. Banned business investments in South Africa

4. Ended __________________________ between the US airlines and South Africa

• Other nations took similar actions.

When did apartheid end?

• The system of apartheid collapsed by the end of the _____________________.

• 1990 – S. African President ______________________ releases Mandela from prison.

• 1991 – Mandela reclaims his position as head of the ________________________.

• Mandela and de Klerk worked to create a new ________________________ and they were rewarded with a Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

How did South Africa change?

• In 1994, South Africa held its first free elections.

• Voters chose Mandela as ______________________________ of the REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

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