Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

Christopher A. Nordmann, Ph.D. Email: cnordmann@ Website:

? Background ? Bibliography ? Free people of color ? population ? A Few prominent free people of color ? Websites

o Library of Virginia -- o Georgia Archives -- o -- o New Orleans Public Library --

o Free People of Color in Louisiana --

tml o Digital Library on American Slavery - ? Resources o Census records o Tax records o Deeds o City Directories o Probate Records o Marriage Records

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Christopher A. Nordmann Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

o Free Papers ? Registrations of Free people of color o Legislative Acts and petitions o Court cases ? local and state o Published court cases -- Catterall, Helen Tunncliff, ed.

Judicial Cases Concerning American Slavery and the Negro.

o Laws o Newspapers o Church Records o Cultural organizations ? schools, fire companies,

fraternal o Civil War Claims Commissions o U. S. Congressional Serial Set (aka Serial Set) --

Congressional hearings

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Christopher A. Nordmann Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abajian, James de T. Blacks in Selected Newspapers, Censuses and Other Sources: An Index to Names and Subjects. First Supplement, 2 vols., Boston: G. K. Hall, 1985.

Alexander, Adele Logan. Ambiguous Lives: Free Women of Color in Rural Georgia, 1789-1879. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1991.

Bamman, Gale Williams. "African-Americans Impressed for Service on the Nashville and North Western Railroad, October 1863," National Genealogical Society Quarterly 80 (September 1992): 204-10.

Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Bethel, Elizabeth, comp. Preliminary Inventory of the War Department Collection of Confederate Records (Record Group 109). Washington: National Archives and Records Service, 1957.

Black Biographical Dictionaries, 1790-1950. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey Inc., 1987, 1068 microfiches.

Black Newspapers Index. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1987-.

Bogger, Tommy L. Free Blacks in Norfolk, Virginia, 1790-1860: The Darker Side of Freedom. Carter G. Woodson Institute Series in Black Studies. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997.

Bracey, John H., Jr., August Meier, and Elliott Rudwick, eds. Free Blacks in America, 18001860. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1971.

Brasfield, Curtis G."`To My Daughter and the Heirs of Her Body': Slave Passages as Illustrated by the Latham--Smithwick Family." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 81 (December 1993): 270-82.

Brasseaux, Carl A.; Keith P. Fontenot; and Claude F. Oubre. Creoles of Color in the Bayou Country. Jackson: University Press of Jackson, 1994.

Brown, Letitia Woods. Free Negroes in the District of Columbia, 1790-1846. Urban Life in America Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Brown, Warren, comp. Check List of Negro Newspapers in the U. S., 1827-1946. Jefferson City, MO: School of Journalism, Lincoln University, 1946.

Buchanan, Thomas C. Black Life on the Mississippi: Slaves, Free Blacks, and the Western Steamboat World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

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Christopher A. Nordmann Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

Burkett, Randall K., Burkett, Nancy Hall, and Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., eds. Black Biography, 1790-1950: A Cumulative Index, 3 vols. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey, 1991.

Byers, Paula K., ed. African American Genealogical Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1995.

Catterall, Helen Tunncliff, ed. Judicial Cases Concerning American Slavery and the Negro, 5 vols. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institute, 1932.

Cerny, Johni. "From Maria to Bill Cosby: A Case Study in Tracing Black Slave Ancestry." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 75 (March 1987): 5-14.

Craighead, Sandra G. "Abstracts from The Colored Tennessean 1865-1867: Want Ads for Lost Relatives." Journal of The Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society 12 (Fall/Winter 1991): 167-70.

Crouch, Barry A. "Hidden Sources of Black History: The Texas Freedmen's Bureau Records as a Case Study."The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 83 (January 1980): 211-26.

Crouch, Barry A., and Madaras, Larry. "Reconstructing Black Families: Perspectives from the Texas Freedmen's Bureau Records," in Our Family, Our Town: Essays on Family and Local History Sources in the National Archives, Timothy Walch, comp. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1987, 156-67.

Davis, Robert Scott, Jr. "Documentation for Afro-American Families: Records of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 76 (June 1988): 139-46.

________. "Freedmen's Bureau and Other Reconstruction Sources for Research in AfricanAmerican Families, 1865-1874." Journal of The Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society 9 (Winter 1988): 171-76.

Delaney, Ted, and Phillip Wayne Rhodes. Free Blacks of Lynchburg, Virginia, 1805-1865. Lynchburg, Va.: Warwick House Publishing, 2001.

DeMarce, Virginia Easley. "Looking at Legends--Lumbee and Melungeon: Applied Genealogy and the Origins of Tri-racial Isolate Settlements." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 81 (March 1993): 24-45.

________."`Verry Slitly Mixt': Tri-Racial Isolate Families of the Upper South -- A Genealogical Study." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 80 (March 1992): 5-32.

Dickensen, Richard B., and Nell, Varney. Entitled!: Free Papers in Appalachia Concerning Antebellum Freeborn Negroes and Emancipated Blacks of Montgomery County, Virginia. Arlington, VA: National Genealogical Society, 1981.

Dormon, James H. ed. Creoles of Color of the Gulf South. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996.

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Christopher A. Nordmann Tracing Free People of Color in the Antebellum South

Eicholz, Alice, and Rose, James M., eds. Free Black Heads of Households in the New York State Federal Census, 1790-1830. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1981.

Eisenberg, Marcia J. "Finding Your Revolutionary War Ancestor and His Family." Journal of the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society 7 (Spring 1986): 17-23.

Ely, Melvin Patrick. Israel on the Appomattox: a Southern Experiment in Black Freedom from 1790s through the Civil War. New York: A. Knopf: Distributed by Random House, 2004.

Everly, Elaine."Marriage Registers of Freedmen." Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives 5 (Fall 1973): 150-54.

Everly, Elaine. Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: Washington Headquarters, PI 174. Washington: National Archives and Records Service, 1973.

Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Finkelman, Paul, ed. Slavery, Race, and the American Legal System, 1700-1872, 16 vols. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988.

Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction. rev. ed., pbk. ed., Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.

________. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1988.

Franklin, John Hope. The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790-1860. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1943.

Gould, Virginia Meacham. Ed. Chained to the Rock of Adversity; To Be Free, Black, and Female in the Old South. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998.

Greene, Robert Ewell. Black Courage, 1775-1783: Documentation of Black Participation in the American Revolution. Washington, D.C.: National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 1984.

Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Africans in Colonial Louisiana: the Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

Ham, Debra Newman, comp. List of Free Black Heads of Families in the First Census of the United States, 1790. Washington: National Archives and Records Service, 1973.

Hanger, Kimberly S. Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colonial New Orleans, 1769-1803. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

Heinegg, Paul. Free African Americans of North Carolina and Virginia. Baltimore: Clearfield Company, 1993.

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