Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University



Course N0. Course TitleCredit Theory MarksPractical MarksTotalMid TermFinalGPB 501Principles of Genetics2+1305020100GPB 502Principles of Cytogenetics2+1305020100GPB 503Principles of Plant Breeding2+1305020100GPB 504Principles of Quantitative Genetics2+1305020100GPB 508Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics2+1305020100GPB 509Biotechnology for Crop Improvement2+1305020100GPB 510Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistace2+1305020100GPB 511Breeding Cereal, Forage and Sugarcane2+1305020100GPB 512Breeding Legume,Oilseed and Fibre crop2+1305020100GPB 515Maintenance Breeding,Concepts of Variety Release and Seed Production1+1305020100GPB 591 Master Seminar1+0---100GPB 599Master Research20100STAT 551Statistical Methods3+05050-100STAT 552Experimental Design2+05050-100Total 55Semester wise Course DistributionIst SemesterGPB 501Principles of Genetics2+1305020100GPB 502Principles of Cytogenetics2+1305020100GPB 503Principles of Plant Breeding2+1305020100STAT 551 Statistical Methods3+05050-100Total12IInd SemesterGPB 504Principles of Quantitative Genetics2+1305020100GPB 510Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistace2+1305020100GPB 511Breeding Cereal, Forage and Sugarcane2+1305020100STAT 552Experimental Design2+05050-100Total11IIIrd SemesterGPB 508Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics2+1305020100GPB 512Breeding Legume,Oilseed and Fibre crop2+1305020100Total6200IVth SemesterGPB 509Biotechnology for Crop Improvement2+1305020100GPB 515Maintenance Breeding,Concepts of Variety Release and Seed Production1+1305020100GPB 591Master Seminar1+0---100GPB 599Master Research20---100Total26Grand Total55 M.Sc. Ag. Genetics and Plant Breeding GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Course ContentsGPB 501 PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 3(2+1)ObjectiveThis course is aimed at understanding the basic concepts of genetics,helping students to develop their analytical, quantitative and problem solvingskills from classical to molecular genetics.TheoryBeginning of genetics; Cell structure and cell division; Early concepts ofinheritance, Mendel's laws; Discussion on Mendel’s paper, Chromosomaltheory of inheritance.Multiple alleles,Gene interactions. Sex determination, differentiation andsex-linkage, Sex-influenced and sex-limited traits; Linkage-detection,estimation; Recombination and genetic mapping in eukaryotes, Somaticcell genetics, Extra chromosomal inheritance.Population - Mendelian population – Random mating population -Frequencies of genes and genotypes-Causes of change: Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Nature, structure and replication of the genetic material; Organization of DNA in chromosomes, Genetic code; Protein biosynthesis.Genetic fine structure analysis, Allelic complementation, Split genes,Overlapping genes, Pseudogenes, Oncogenes, Gene families and clusters.Regulation of gene activity in prokaryotes; Molecular mechanisms ofmutation, repair and suppression; Bacterial plasmids,Gene regulation in eukaryotes, RNA editing.Gene isolation, synthesis and cloning, genomic and cDNA libraries, PCR based cloning, positional cloning; Nucleic acid hybridization and immunochemical detection; DNA sequencing; DNA restriction and modification, Anti-sense RNA and ribozymes; Micro-RNAs (miRNAs).Genomics and proteomics; Functional and pharmacogenomics;Metagenomics.PracticalLaboratory exercises in probability and chi-square; Demonstration ofgenetic principles using laboratory organisms; Chromosome mapping usingthree point test cross; Tetrad analysis; Induction and detection of mutationsthrough genetic tests; DNA extraction and PCR amplification -Electrophoresis – basic principles and running of amplified DNA -Extraction of proteins and isozymes – use of Agrobacterium mediatedmethod and Biolistic gun; practical demonstrations - Detection oftransgenes in the exposed plant material; visit to transgenic glasshouse andlearning the practical considerations.Suggested ReadingsGardner EJ & Snustad DP. 1991. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley &Sons.Klug WS & Cummings MR. 2003. Concepts of Genetics. Peterson Edu.Lewin B. 2008. Genes IX. Jones & Bartlett Publ.Russell PJ. 1998. Genetics. The Benzamin/Cummings Publ. Co.Snustad DP & Simmons MJ. 2006. Genetics. 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons.Strickberger MW. 2005. Genetics (III Ed). Prentice Hall, New Delhi, IndiaTamarin RH. 1999. Principles of Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publs.Uppal S, Yadav R, Subhadra & Saharan RP. 2005. Practical Manual onBasic and Applied Genetics. Dept. of Genetics, CCS HAU Hisar.GPB 502 PRINCIPLES OF CYTOGENETICS 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo provide insight into structure and functions of chromosomes,chromosome mapping, polyploidy and cytogenetic aspects of cropevolution.TheoryArchitecture of chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;Chromonemata, chromosome matrix, chromomeres,centromere, secondary constriction and telomere; Artificial chromosome construction and its uses;Special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal theory of inheritance – Cell Cycle and cell division – mitosis and meiosis; Differences, significance and deviations – Synapsis, structure and function of synaptonemal complex and spindle apparatus, anaphase movement of chromosomes and crossing over-mechanisms and theories of crossing over- recombination models, cytological basis, - Variation inchromosome structure: Evolutionary significance - Introduction to techniques for karyotyping; Chromosome banding and painting - in situ hybridization and various applications.Structural and Numerical variations of chromosomes and their implications- Symbols and terminologies for chromosome numbers - euploidy -haploids, diploids and polyploids ; Utilization of aneuploids in genelocation - Variation in chromosome behaviour - somatic segregation andchimeras – endomitosis and somatic reduction ; Evolutionary significanceof chromosomal aberrations - balanced lethals and chromosome complexes.Inter-varietal chromosome substitutions; Polyploidy and role of polyploidsin crop breeding; Evolutionary advantages of autopolyploids vsallopolyploids –- Role of aneuploids in basic and applied aspects of cropbreeding, their maintenance and utilization in gene mapping and geneblocks transfer – Alien addition and substitution lines – creation andutilization; Apomixis - Evolutionary and genetic problems in crops withapomixes.Reversion of autopolyploids to diploids; Genome mapping in polyploids -Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploids; Synthesis of new crops(wheat, triticale and brassica) – Hybrids between species with samechromosome number, alien translocations - Hybrids between species withdifferent chromosome number; Gene transfer using amphidiploids - Bridgespecies.Fertilization barriers in crop plants at pre-and postfertilization levels- Invitro techniques to overcome the fertilization barriers in crops;Chromosome manipulations in wide hybridization ; case studies –Production and use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids in geneticsand breeding.PracticalLearning the cytogenetics laboratory, various chemicals to be used forfixation, dehydration, embedding, staining, cleaning etc. - Microscopy:various types of microscopes, - Observing sections of specimen usingElectron microscope; Preparing specimen for observation - Fixativepreparation and fixing specimen for light microscopy studies in cereals -Studies on the course of mitosis in wheat, pearl millet - Studies on thecourse of mitosis in onion and Aloe vera - Studies on the course of meiosisin cereals, millets and pulses - Studies on the course of meiosis in oilseedsand forage crops - Using micrometers and studying the pollen grain size invarious crops -Various methods of staining and preparation of temporaryand permanent slides - Pollen germination in vivo and in vitro; Microtomyand steps in microtomy; Agents employed for the induction of variousploidy levels; Solution preparation and application at seed, seedling level -Identification of polyploids in different crops - Induction and identificationof haploids; Anther culture and Ovule culture - Morphologicalobservations on synthesized autopolyploids - Observations on C-mitosis,learning on the dynamics of spindle fibre assembly - Morphologicalobservations on alloployploids - Morphological observations on aneuploids- Cytogenetic analysis of interspecific and intergeneric crosses -Maintenance of Cytogenetic stocks and their importance in crop breeding -Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)- Genome in situ hybridization GISH.Suggested ReadingsBecker K & Hardin. 2004. The World of Cell. 5th Ed. Pearson Edu.Carroll M. 1989. Organelles. The Guilford Press.Charles B. 1993. Discussions in Cytogenetics. Prentice Hall.Darlington CD & La Cour LF. 1969. The Handling of Chromosomes.Georger Allen & Unwin Ltd.Elgin SCR. 1995. Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression. IRL Press.Gray P. 1954. The Mirotomist’s Formulatory Guide. The Blakiston Co.Gupta PK & Tsuchiya T. 1991. Chromosome Engineering in Plants:Genetics, Breeding and Evolution. Part A. Elsevier.Gupta PK. 2000. Cytogenetics. Rastogi Publ.Johannson DA. 1975. Plant Microtechnique. McGraw Hill.Karp G. 1996. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.John Wiley & Sons.Khush GS. 1973. Cytogenetics of Aneuploids. Academic Press.Sharma AK & Sharma A. 1988. Chromosome Techniques: Theory andPractice. Butterworth.Sumner AT. 1982. Chromosome Banding. Unwin Hyman Publ.Swanson CP. 1960. Cytology and Cytogenetics. Macmillan & Co.GPB 503 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo impart theoretical knowledge and practical skills about plant breedingobjectives, modes of reproduction and genetic consequences, breedingmethods for crop improvement.TheoryHistory of Plant Breeding (Pre and post-Mendelian era); Objectives of plantbreeding, characteristics improved by plant breeding; Patterns of Evolutionin Crop Plants- Centres of Origin-biodiversity and its significance.Genetic basis of breeding self- and cross - pollinated crops includingmating systems and response to selection - nature of variability,components of variation; Heritability and genetic advance, genotype environmentinteraction; General and specific combining ability; Types of gene actions and implications in plant breeding; Plant introduction and roleof plant genetic resources in plant breeding.Self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants and their commercialexploitation.Pure line theory, pure line selection and mass selection methods; Linebreeding, pedigree, bulk, backcross, single seed descent and multilinemethod; Population breeding in self-pollinated crops (diallel selectivemating approach).Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops; Population breeding-massselection and ear-to-row methods; S1 and S2 progeny testing, progenyselection schemes, recurrent selection schemes for intra and inter populationimprovement and development of synthetics and composites;Hybrid breeding - genetical and physiological basis of heterosis andinbreeding, production of inbreds, breeding approaches for improvement ofinbreds, predicting hybrid performance; seed production of hybrid andtheir parent varieties/inbreds.Breeding methods in asexually/clonally propagated crops, clonal selectionapomixes, clonal selection.Self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants and their commercialexploitation; Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement;Transgressive breeding.Special breeding techniques- Mutation breeding; Breeding for abiotic andbiotic stresses.Cultivar development- testing, release and notification, maintenancebreeding, Participatory Plant Breeding, Plant breeders’ rights andregulations for plant variety protection and farmers rights.PracticalFloral biology in self and cross pollinated species, selfing and crossingtechniques. Selection methods in segregating populations and evaluation ofbreeding material; Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Estimation ofheritability and genetic advance; Maintenance of experimental records;Learning techniques in hybrid seed production using male-sterility in fieldcrops.Suggested ReadingsAllard RW. 1981. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley & Sons.Chopra VL. 2001. Breeding Field Crops. Oxford & IBH.Chopra VL. 2004. Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH.Gupta SK. 2005. Practical Plant Breeding. Agribios.Pohlman JM & Bothakur DN. 1972. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford& IBH.Roy D. 2003. Plant Breeding, Analysis and Exploitation of Variation.Narosa Publ. House.Sharma JR. 2001. Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. TataMcGraw-Hill.Simmonds NW. 1990. Principles of Crop Improvement. English LanguageBook Society.Singh BD. 2006. Plant Breeding. Kalyani.Singh P. 2002. Objective Genetics and Plant Breeding. Kalyani.Singh P. 2006. Essentials of Plant Breeding. Kalyani.Singh S & Pawar IS. 2006. Genetic Bases and Methods of Plant Breeding.CBS.GPB 504 PRINCIPLES OF QUANTITATIVE GENETICS 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo impart theoretical knowledge and computation skills regardingcomponent of variation and variances, scales, mating designs and geneeffects.TheoryMendelian traits vs polygenic traits - nature of quantitative traits and itsinheritance - Multiple factor hypothesis - analysis of continuous variation;Variations associated with polygenic traits - phenotypic, genotypic andenvironmental - non-allelic interactions; Nature of gene action - additive,dominance, epistatic and linkage effects.Principles of Anaylis of Variance (ANOVA) - Expected variance components, random and fixed models; MANOVA, biplot analysis; Comparison of means and variances for significance.Designs for plant breeding experiments – principles and applications;Genetic diversity analysis – metroglyph, cluster and D2 analyses -Association analysis - phenotypic and genotypic correlations; Path analysisand Parent - progeny regression analysis; Discriminant function andprincipal component analyses; Selection indices - selection of parents;Simultaneous selection models- concepts of selection - heritability andgenetic advance.Generation mean analysis; Mating designs- Diallel, partial diallel, line xtester analysis, NCDs and TTC; Concepts of combining ability and geneaction; Analysis of genotype x environment interaction - adaptability andstability; Models for GxE analysis and stability parameters; AMMI analysis– principles and interpretation.QTL mapping; Strategies for QTL mapping - desired populations for QTLmapping - statistical methods in QTL mapping - QTL mapping in Geneticanalysis; Marker assisted selection (MAS) - Approaches to apply MAS inPlant breeding - selection based on marker - simultaneous selection basedon marker and phenotype - factors influencing MAS.PracticalProblems on multiple factors inheritance - Partitioning of variance -Estimation of heritability and genetic advance - Covariance analysis -Metroglyph analysis - D2 analysis - Grouping of clusters and interpretation- Cluster analysis - Construction of cluster diagrams and dendrograms -interpretation - Correlation analysis - Path analysis - Parent-progenyregression analysis - Diallel analysis: Griffing’s methods I and II - Diallelanalysis: Hayman’s graphical approach - Diallel analysis: interpretation ofresults - NCD and their interpretations - Line x tester analysis andinterpretation of results - Estimation of heterosis : standard, mid-parentaland better-parental heterosis - Estimation of inbreeding depression -Generation mean analysis: Analytical part and Interpretation - Estimationof different types of gene actions.Partitioning of phenotypic variance and co-variance into components due togenotypes, environment and genotype x environment interactions -Construction of saturated linkage maps and QTL mapping - Strategies forQTL mapping; statistical methods in QTL mapping; Phenotype and Markerlinkage studies - Working out efficiency of selection methods in differentpopulations and interpretation, Biparental mating, Triallel analysis,Quadriallel analysis and Triple Test Cross (TTC) – use of softwares inanalysis and result interpretation, Advanced biometrical models forcombining ability analysis, Models in stability analysis Additive MainEffect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model - PrincipalComponent Analysis model - Additive and multiplicative model - Shiftedmultiplicative model - Analysis and selection of genotypes - Methods andsteps to select the best model - Selection systems - Biplots and mappinggenotypes.Suggested ReadingsBos I & Caligari P. 1995. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. Chapman& Hall.Falconer DS & Mackay J. 1998. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics.Longman.Mather K & Jinks JL. 1971. Biometrical Genetics. Chapman & Hall.Mather K & Jinks JL. 1983. Introduction to Biometrical Genetics.Chapman & Hall.Nadarajan N & Gunasekaran M. 2005. Quantitative Genetics andBiometrical Techniques in Plant Breeding. Kalyani.Naryanan SS & Singh P. 2007. Biometrical Techniques in Plant Breeding.Kalyani.Singh P & Narayanan SS. 1993. Biometrical Techniques in Plant Breeding.Kalyani.Singh RK & Choudhary BD. 1987. Biometrical Methods in QuantitativeGenetics. Kalyani.Weir DS. 1990. Genetic Data Analysis. Methods for Discrete PopulationGenetic Data. Sinauer Associates.Wricke G & Weber WE. 1986. Quantitative Genetics and Selection inPlant Breeding. Walter de Gruyter.GPB 508 CELL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo impart knowledge in theory and practice about cell structure, organellesand their functions, molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.TheoryUltrastructure of the cell; Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryoticcells, macromolecules; Structure and function of cell wall, nuclearmembrane and plasma membrane; Cellular Organelles – nucleus, plastidschloro/chromoplast, mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex,lysosomes, peroxisomes.Bioenergetics; Ultrastructure and function of mitochondria and biologicalmembranes; Chloroplast and other photosynthetic organelles; Interphasenucleus- Structure and chemical composition; Cell division and physiology of cell division.Transposable elements; Mechanisms of recombination in prokaryote; DNAorganization in eukaryotic chromosomes – DNA content variation, types ofDNA sequences – Unique and repetitive sequences; organelle genomes;Gene amplification and its significance; Proteomics and protein-proteininteraction; Signal transduction; Genes in development; Cancer and cellaging.PracticalMorphological and Gram staining of natural bacteria; Cultivation ofbacteria in synthetic medium; Determination of growth rate and doublingtime of bacterial cells in culture; Demonstration of bacteriophage by plaqueassay method; Determination of soluble protein content in a bacterialculture.Isolation, purification and raising clonal population of a bacterium;Biological assay of bacteriophage and determination of phage population inlysate; Study of lytic cycle of bacteriophage by one step growthexperiment; determination of latent period and burst size of phages per cell;Quantitative estimation of DNA, RNA and protein in an organism;Numericals: problems and assignments.Suggested ReadingsBruce A.2004. Essential Cell Biology. Garland.Karp G.2004. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.John Wiley.Klug WS & Cummings MR 2003. Concepts of Genetics. Scot, Foreman &Co.Lewin B. 2008. IX Genes. John Wiley & SonsLodish H, Berk A & Zipursky SL. 2004. Molecular Cell Biology. 5th Ed.WH Freeman.Nelson DL & Cox MM. 2005. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry.WH Freeman & Co.Russell PJ. 1996. Essential Genetics. Blackwell Scientific Publ.Schleif R.1986. Genetics and Molecular Biology. Addison-Wesley Publ.Co.GPB 509 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo impart knowledge and practical skills to use biotechnological tools incrop improvement.TheoryBiotechnology and its relevance in agriculture; Definitions, terminologiesand scope in plant breeding.Tissue culture- History, callus, suspension cultures, cloning; Regeneration;Somatic embryogenesis; Anther culture; somatic hybridization techniques;Meristem, ovary and embryo culture; cryopreservation.Techniques of DNA isolation, quantification and analysis; Genotyping;Sequencing techniques; Vectors, vector preparation and cloning,Biochemical and Molecular markers: morphological, biochemical andDNA-based markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR,SNPs, ESTs etc.),mapping populations (F2s, back crosses, RILs, NILs and DH).Molecular mapping and tagging of agronomically important traits.Statistical tools in marker analysis, Marker-assisted selection forqualitative and quantitative traits; QTLs analysis in crop plants, Genepyramiding. Genomics and geo informatics for crop improvement; Integrating functional genomics ,information on agronomically/economically important traits in plantbreeding; Marker-assisted backcross breeding for rapid introgression,Generation of EDVs.Recombinant DNA technology, transgenes, method of transformation,selectable markers and clean transformation techniques, vector-mediatedgene transfer, physical methods of gene transfer. Production of transgenicplants in various field crops: cotton, wheat, maize, rice, soybean, oilseeds,sugarcane etc. Commercial releases.Biotechnology applications in male sterility/hybrid breeding, molecularfarming.GMOs and related issues (risk and regulations); GMO; Internationalregulations, biosafety issues of GMOs; Regulatory procedures in majorcountries including India, ethical, legal and social issues; Intellectualproperty rightsBioinformatics & Bioinformatics tools.Nanotechnology and its applications in crop improvement programmes.PracticalRequirements for plant tissue culture laboratory-Techniques in plant tissueculture - Media components and media preparation -Aseptic manipulationof various explants ; observations on the contaminants occurring in media –interpretations - Inoculation of explants; Callus induction and plantregeneration - Plant regeneration; Standardizing the protocols forregeneration; Hardening of regenerated plants; Establishing a greenhouseand hardening procedures - Visit to commercial micropropagation unit.Transformation using Agrobacterium strains, GUS assay in transformedcells / tissues. DNA isolation, DNA purity and quantification tests, gelelectrophoresis of proteins and isozymes, PCR-based DNA markers, gelscoring and data analysis for tagging and phylogenetic relationship,construction of genetic linkage maps using computer software.Suggested ReadingsChopra VL & Nasim A. 1990. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology:Concepts, Methods and Applications. Oxford & IBH.Gupta PK. 1997. Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi Publ.Hackett PB, Fuchs JA & Messing JW. 1988. An Introduction toRecombinant DNA Technology - Basic Experiments in GeneManipulation. 2nd Ed. Benjamin Publ. Co.Sambrook J & Russel D. 2001. Molecular Cloning - a Laboratory Manual.3rd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press.Singh BD. 2005. Biotechnology, Expanding Horizons. Kalyani.GPB 510 BREEDING FOR BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS RESISTANCE 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo apprise about various abiotic and biotic stresses influencing crop yield,mechanisms and genetics of resistance and methods to breed stress resistantvarieties.TheoryImportance of plant breeding with special reference to biotic and abioticstress resistance; Classification of biotic stresses – major pests and diseasesof economically important crops - Concepts in insect and pathogenresistance; Analysis and inheritance of resistance variation; Host defenceresponses to pathogen invasions- Biochemical and molecular mechanisms;Acquired and induced immunity and systemic acquired resistance (SAR);Host-pathogen interaction, gene-for-gene hypothesis, molecular evidencefor its operation and exceptions; Concept of signal transduction and otherhost-defense mechanisms against viruses and bacteria.Types and genetic mechanisms of resistance to biotic stresses –Horizontaland vertical resistance in crop plants. Quantitative resistance/Adult plantresistance and Slow rusting resistance - Classical and molecular breedingmethods - Measuring plant resistance using plant fitness; Behavioural,physiological and insect gain studies.Phenotypic screening methods for major pests and diseases; Recording ofobservations; Correlating the observations using marker data - Genepyramiding methods and their implications.Classification of abiotic stresses - Stress inducing factors –moisturestress/drought and water logging & submergence; Acidity,salinity/alkalinity/sodicity; High/low temperature, wind, etc. Stress due tosoil factors and mineral toxicity; Physiological and Phenological responses;Emphasis of abiotic stresses in developing breeding methodologies.Genetics of abiotic stress resistance; Genes and genomics in breedingcultivars suitable to low water regimes and water logging & submergence,high and low/freezing temperatures; Utilizing MAS procedures foridentifying resistant types in important crops like rice, sorghum, wheat,cotton etc; Breeding for resistance to stresses caused by toxicity, deficiencyand pollutants/contaminants in soil, water and environment.Exploitation of wild relatives as a source of resistance to biotic and abioticfactors in major field crops - Transgenics in management of biotic andabiotic stresses, use of toxins, protease inhibitors, lectins, chitnases and Btfor diseases and insect pest management- Achievements.PracticalPhenotypic screening techniques for sucking pests and chewing pests –Traits to be observed at plant and insect level - Phenotypic screeningtechniques for nematodes and borers; Ways of combating them; Breedingstrategies - Weeds – ecological, environmental impacts on the crops;Breeding for herbicide resistance - Evaluating the available populations likeRIL, NIL etc. for pest resistance; Use of standard MAS procedures -Phenotypic screening methods for diseases caused by fungi and bacteria;Symptoms and data recording; use of MAS procedures - Screening foragecrops for resistance to sewage water and tannery effluents; Qualityparameters evaluation - Screening crops for drought and flood resistance;factors to be considered and breeding strategies - Screening varieties ofmajor crops for acidity and alkalinity- their effects and breeding strategies;Understanding the climatological parameters and predisposal of biotic andabiotic stress factors- ways of combating them.Suggested ReadingsBlum A. 1988. Plant Breeding for Stress Environments. CRC Press.Christiansen MN & Lewis CF. 1982. Breeding Plants for Less FavourableEnvironments. Wiley International.Fritz RS & Simms EL. (Eds.). 1992. Plant Resistance to Herbivores andPathogens: Ecology, Evolution and Genetics. The University ofChicago Press.Li PH & Sakai A. 1987. Plant Cold Hardiness. Liss, New YorkLuginpill P. 1969. Developing Resistant Plants - The Ideal Method ofControlling Insects. USDA, ARS, Washington DC.Maxwell FG & Jennings PR. (Eds.). 1980. Breeding Plants Resistant toInsects. John Wiley & Sons.Painter RH. 1951. Insect Resistance in Crop Plants. MacMillan, New York.Russel GE. 1978. Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance.Butterworths.Sakai A & Larcher W. 1987. Frost Survival in Plants. Springer-Verlag.Turener NC & Kramer PJ. 1980. Adaptation of Plants to Water and HighTemperature Stress. John Wiley & Sons.van der Plank JE. 1982. Host-Pathogen Interactions in Plant Disease.Academic Press.GPB 511 BREEDING CEREALS, FORAGES AND SUGARCANE 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo provide insight into recent advances in improvement of cereals andforage crops and sugarcane using conventional and modernbiotechnological approaches.TheoryRice: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - wild relatives andgermplasm; Genetics – cytogenetics and genome relationship - Breedingobjectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress resistance etc.– Hybrid rice breeding- potential and outcome - Aerobic rice, itsimplications and drought resistance breeding.Wheat: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - wild relatives andgermplasm; cytogenetics and genome relationship; Breeding objectivesyield,quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, exploitation ofheterosis etc; Sorghum: Evolution and distribution of species and forms -wild relatives and germplasm - cytogenetics and genome relationship -Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stressresistance etc; Pearl millet: Evolution and distribution of species and forms- wild relatives and germplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship;Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stressresistance etc.Maize: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - wild relatives andgermplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship; Breeding objectives:yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress resistance etc - QPM andBt maize – strategies and implications - Heterosis breeding attempts takenin Sorghum, Pearl Millet and Maize.Sugarcane: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - wild relativesand germplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship - Breedingobjectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress resistance etc -Forage grasses: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - Wildrelatives and germplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship; Breedingobjectives- yield, quality characters and palatability studies; Biotic andabiotic stress resistance etc., synthetics, composites and apomixes.Forage legumes: Evolution and distribution of species and forms; Wildrelatives and germplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship; Breedingobjectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress resistance etc -PracticalFloral biology – emasculation - pollination techniques ; Study of range ofvariation for yield and yield components – Study of segregatingpopulations and their evaluation - Trait based screening for stress resistancein crops of importance– Use of descriptors for cataloguing Germplasmmaintenance; learning on the Standard Evaluation System (SES) anddescriptors; Use of softwares for database management andretrieval.Practical learning on the cultivation of fodder crop species onsewage water; analysing them for yield components and palatability;Laboratory analysis of forage crops for crude protein, digestibility percentand other quality attributes; Visit to animal feed producing factories,learning the practice of value addition; visiting the animal husbandry unitand learning the animal experiments related with palatability anddigestibility of fodder.Suggested ReadingsAgarwal RL. 1996. Identifying Characteristics of Crop Varieties. Oxford &IBH.Bahl PN & Salimath PM. 1996. Genetics, Cytogenetics and Breeding ofCrop Plants. Vol. I. Pulses and Oilseeds. Oxford & IBH.Chandraratna MF. 1964. Genetics and Breeding of Rice. Longmans.Chopra VL & Prakash S. 2002. Evolution and Adaptation of Cereal Crops.Oxford & IBH.Gill KS. 1991. Pearl Millet and its Improvement. ICAR.IRRI. 1964. Rice Genetics and Cytogenetics. Elsevier.IRRI. 1986. Rice Genetics. Proc. International Rice Genetics Symposium.IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, Philippines.IRRI. 1991. Rice Genetics II. Proc. International Rice GeneticsSymposium. IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, Philippines.IRRI. 1996. Rice Genetics III. Proc. International Rice GeneticsSymposium. IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, Philippines.IRRI. 2000. Rice Genetics IV. Proc. International Rice GeneticsSymposium. IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, Philippines.Jennings PR, Coffman WR & Kauffman HE. 1979. Rice Improvement.IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, Philippines.Kannaiyan S, Uthamasamy S, Theodore RK & Palaniswamy S. 2002. NewDimensions and Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture.Directorate of Extension Education, TNAU, Coimbatore.Murty DS, Tabo R & Ajayi O. 1994. Sorghum Hybrid Seed Production andManagement. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.Nanda JS. 1997. Manual on Rice Breeding. Kalyani.Ram HH & Singh HG. 1993. Crop Breeding and Genetics. Kalyani.Singh HG, Mishra SN, Singh TB, Ram HH & Singh DP. (Eds.). 1994.Crop Breeding in India. International Book Distributing Co.Slafer GA. (Ed.). 1994. Genetic Improvement of Field Crops. MarcelDekker.Walden DB. 1978. Maize Breeding and Genetics. John Wiley & Sons.GPB 512 BREEDING LEGUMES, OILSEEDS AND FIBRE CROPS 3(2+1)ObjectiveTo provide insight into recent advances in improvement of legumes,oilseeds and fibre crops using conventional and modern biotechnologicalapproaches.TheoryPigeonpea: Evolution and distribution of species and forms; Wild relativesand germplasm; Genetics, cytogenetics and genome relationship;Morphological and molecular descriptors used for differentiating theaccessions; Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abioticstress etc - Hybrid technology; maintenance of male sterile, fertile andrestorer lines, progress made at ICRISAT and other Institutes.Chickpea: Evolution and distribution of species and forms - Wild relativesand germplasm - cytogenetics and genome relationship; Breedingobjectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abiotic stress etc; Proteinquality improvement; Conventional and modern plant breeding approaches,progress made - Breeding for anti nutritional factors.Other pulses: Greengram, blackgram, fieldpea, lentil, Evolution, cytogenetics and genome relationship;Learning the descriptors; Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters,biotic and abiotic stress etc; Interspecific crosses attempted and itsimplications, reasons for failure, ways of overcoming them.Groundnut: Evolution and distribution of species and forms; Wild relativesand germplasm; Cytogenetics and genome relationship; Pod and kernelcharacters; Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters, biotic and abioticstress etc.Rapeseed and Mustard: Breeding objectives, utilization of wild relatives foryield and quality improvement, biotic and abiotic stress etc; Oil quality –characteristics in different oils; Evolution and distribution of species andforms; Wild relatives and germplasm; Genetics, cytogenetics and genomerelationship.Soybean: Breeding objectives, utilization of wild relatives for yield andquality improvement, biotic and abiotic stress etc. - Oil quality –characteristics; Evolution and distribution of species and forms; Wildrelatives and germplasm; Genetics, cytogenetics and genome relationship.Other oilseed crops: Sunflower, sesame, safflower, Evolution anddistribution of species and forms; Wild relatives and germplasm;Cytogenetics and genome relationship; breeding objectives- yield, qualitycharacters, biotic and abiotic stress; Sunflower: Evolution and distributionof species and forms; Wild relatives and germplasm; Cytogenetics andgenome relationship, hybrid sunflower, constraints and achievementsCotton: Evolution of cotton; Breeding objectives- yield, quality characters,biotic and abiotic stress etc; Development and maintenance of male sterilelines – Hybrid development and seed production – Scenario of Bt cottons,evaluation procedures for Bt cotton. Jute: Evolution and distribution ofspecies and forms; Wild relatives and germplasm; Cytogenetics andgenome relationship; breeding objectives- yield, quality characters, bioticand abiotic stress etc; PracticalUse of descriptors for cataloguing – Floral biology - emasculation –pollination techniques; Study of range of variation for yield and yieldcomponents - Study of segregating populations in Redgram, Greengram,Blackgram and other pulse crops; Attempting crosses between blackgramand greengram. Use of descriptors for cataloguing – Floral biology,emasculation, pollination techniques of oilseed crops like Sesame,Groundnut, Sunflower and Castor, Cotton: Use of descriptors forcataloguing – Floral biology - Learning on the crosses between differentspecies - Cotton: Study of range of variation for yield and yieldcomponents - Study of segregating populations - evaluation - Trait basedscreening for stress resistance - Cotton fibre quality evaluation –conventional and modern approaches; analysing the lint samples ofdifferent species, interspecific and interracial derivatives for fibre qualityand interpretation –Development and maintenance of male sterile linesEvaluation of cotton cultures of different species for insect and diseaseresistance – Learning the mechanisms of resistance, quantifying theresistance using various parameters; Evaluating the germplasm of cottonfor yield, quality and resistance parameters – learning the procedures ondevelopment of Bt cotton - Visit to Cotton Technology Laboratory andSpinning Mills – Learning on cotton yarn production, its quality evaluationand uses.Suggested ReadingsAgarwal RL. 1996. Identifying Characteristics of Crop Varieties. Oxford &IBH.Bahl PN & Salimath PM. 1996. Genetics, Cytogenetics and Breeding ofCrop Plants. Vol. I. Pulses and Oilseeds. Oxford & IBH.Chahal GS & Ghosal SS. 2002. Principles and Procedures of PlantBreeding - Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches. NarosaPubl.Chopra VL. 1997. Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH.30Nath V & Lal C. 1995. Oilseeds in India. Westvill Publ. House.Nigam J. 1996. Genetic Improvement of Oilseed Crops. Oxford & IBH.Ram HH & Singh HG. 1993. Crop Breeding and Genetics. Kalyani.Singh DP. 1991. Genetics and Breeding of Pulse Crops. Kalyani.Singh HG, Mishra SN, Singh TB, Ram HH & Singh DP. (Eds.). 1994.Crop Breeding in India. International Book Distributing Co.Smartt J. 1994. The Groundnut Crop - a Scientific Basis for Improvement.Chapman & Hall.GPB 515 MAINTENANCE BREEDING AND CONCEPTS OF 2(1+1) VARIETY RELEASE AND SEED PRODUCTIONObjectiveTo apprise the students about the variety deterioration and steps to maintainthe purity of varieties & hybrids and principles of seed production in self &cross pollinated crops.TheoryVariety Development and Maintenance; Definition- variety, cultivar,extantvariety, essentially derived variety, independently derived variety,reference variety, farmers’ variety, hybrid,and population; Variety testing,release and notification systems in India and abroad.DUS testing- DUS Descriptors for major crops; Genetic purity concept andmaintenance breeding.Factors responsible for genetic deterioration of varieties - safeguards duringseed production; Maintenance of varieties in self and cross-pollinationcrops- isolation distance; Principles of seed production; Methods of nucleusand breeder seed production.Generation system of seed multiplication -nucleus, breeders, foundation,certified, - Quality seed production technology of self and cross-pollinatedcrop varieties viz. cereals & millets (wheat, barley, paddy, pearlmillet,sorghum, maize ); Pulses (greengram, blackgram, cowpea,pigeonpea, chickpea, fieldpea, lentil); Oilseeds (groundnut, soybean,castor, sunflower, safflower, rapeseed and mustard);Seed certification procedures; Seed laws and plant variety protection regulations in India and international systems.PracticalIdentification of suitable areas/locations for seed production; Ear-to-rowmethod and nucleus seed production - Main characteristics of released andnotified varieties, hybrids and parental lines; Identification of importantweeds/objectionable weeds; Determination of isolation distance andplanting ratios in different crops; Seed production techniques of varieties indifferent crops; Hybrid seed production technology of important crops.Suggested ReadingsAgarwal RL. 1997. Seed Technology. 2nd Ed. Oxford & IBH.Chhabra AK. 2006. Practical Manual of Floral Biology of Crop Plants.Department of Plant Breeding. CCS HAU Hisar.Kelly AF. 1988. Seed Production of Agricultural Crops. Longman.33McDonald MB Jr & Copeland LO. 1997. Seed Production: Principles andPractices. Chapman & Hall.Musil AF. 1967. Identification of Crop and Weed Seeds. Handbook No.219, USDA, Washington, DC.Poehlman JM & Borthakur D. 1969. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford& IBH.Singh BD. 2005. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani.Thompson JR. 1979. An Introduction to Seed Technology. Leonard Hill.Tunwar NS & Singh SV. 1985. Handbook of Cultivars. ICAR.STAT 551 STATISTICAL METHODS 3(3+0) UNIT I Summarization of data, classification and tabulation of data , Diagrammatic and Graphical Representations, utility and limitations of graphical Representation. Measure of central central tendency, definition, merit, demerit, uses and properties of different measure of central tendency, measure of dispersion , moments, skewness and kurtosis. UNIT II Probability distribution, discrete probability distribution-Bernouli, poission, normal distribution.Theorem of addition of probability, theorem of multiplication of probability, Defnition-(simple and compound events independent and dependents, mutually exclusive, complimentary events.) UNIT III Statistical Hypothesis, Null hypothesis, Two type of error, Statistical significance, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis, critical region, level of significance, practical application of simple test of significance viz,”t” and “F”test.X2 test as a goodness of Fit, properties of X2 distribution, conditions for application of X2 test.UNIT IV Correlation and its test of significance, line of regression and its test of significance. Correlation, measurement of correlation, limit and range of ?r, correlation coefficient expressed in term of regression coefficients. Rank correlation and its computations, regression equation. STAT 552 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS 2(2+0)UNIT I Principles of experimental design, precision and accuracy, advantage of replication, experimental technique.Analysis of variance, fundamental principles of analysis of variance.Critical difference, limitations of the analysis of variance. UNIT IIStatistical analysis and advantage and disadvantage of basic design-completely randomized design, randomized block design, Latin square design. UNIT III \Factorial concept: simple effects, main effects and interaction, factorial experiments (without confounding), Yates method. Confounding, principles of confounding in a 23 factorial experiments. Split plot design. UNIT IV Missing plot technique; Bartlett?s techniques for missing plots, cross-overdesign or switch-over trials, Rotational experiments, progeny selection, compact family block design, uniformity trial, sire index, sampling in field experiments. ................
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