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Ap euro identificationsCh. 17: the age of western imperialismSection I. Identify and state the Historical Significance of the following:Mohandas GandhiQueen Victoria of BritainKing Leopold of BelgiumCommodore Matthew PerryDavid LivingstoneSection II. Define and state the General Significance of the following:ImperialismProtectoratesSpheres of influenceConcentration campsSection III: Describe and state the Historical Significance of the following:New imperialismImperialism of free tradeOpium WarsSepoy RebellionCivilizing missionScramble for AfricaSuez CanalPanama CanalBoer WarGreat TrekApartheidBoxer RebellionTools of imperialismMissionariesMughal EmpireEast India CompanyBerlin ConferenceAfrikaanerKazakhsTIMELINES DUE THE SAME DAY SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1CHAPTER 17 – THE AGE WESTERN IMPERIALISM CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter discusses Europe’s pursuit of imperialism in the late nineteenth century. The years after 1870 witnessed an unprecedented growth of European influence and control over the rest of the world. Europe’s achievement was made possible by its advanced technology, the institutional advantages of the national-state, and, more intangibly, a certain European sense of superiority. The eighteenth-century collapse of Spain, Portugal, and France as major colonial powers left Britain as Europe’s dominant imperial power. Until the 1860s and 1870s, the expansion of British control came largely through the imperialism of free trade. British colonial interests shifted from the Atlantic world to Asia, with India the most important piece of its empire.The imperialist movement of the late-nineteenth century has been called the New Imperialism in recognition of its several novel features. Like earlier imperialism, the new movement involved a policy of extending a nation’s authority by territorial hegemony over others. Unlike their predecessors, the New Imperialists did not seek to settle their overseas land with people, nor did they remain content with mere establishment of trading posts. They sought to transform the entire economy and culture of the dominated area to their own profit, and to that end, they assumed legal or factual political control. Another novelty was the great speed with which European expansion proceeded; such imperial action was deemed necessary to maintain the reputation of a great power. The New Imperialism is exhibited by the “Scramble for Africa,” Russian expansion in mainland Asia, and imperialistic flexing in Asia by other Western nations as European nations expanded their economic and political influence.European Imperialism was built on technological advances. The conquest of tropical diseases, the invention of steamboats, and improvements in firearms all gave Europeans important advantages. At the same time, religious motives, embodied in the modern Western missionary movement, continued to play an important role in European imperialism. The expansion of European influence was always accompanied by missionaries seeking to convert colonized peoples and influence the development of European colonies. In the late nineteenth century, women played a particularly important role in missionary activity. Scientists too, became part of the imperialist project, seeking new knowledge, but often imposing their cultural assumptions on their observations. OUTLINEI. The Close of the Age of Early Modern ColonizationII. The Age of British Imperial Dominance A. The Imperialism of Free TradeB. British Settler ColoniesIII. India – The Jewel in the Crown of the British EmpireIV. The “New Imperialism,” 1870–1914V. Motives for the New ImperialismVI. The Partition of AfricaA. Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and LibyaB. Egypt and British Strategic Concern about the Upper NileC. West AfricaD. The Belgian CongoE. German Empire in AfricaF. Southern AfricaVII. Russian Expansion in Mainland AsiaVIII. Western Powers in AsiaA. France in AsiaB. The United States Actions in Asia and the PacificC. The Boxer RebellionIX. Tools of ImperialismA. SteamboatsB. Conquest of Tropical DiseasesC. FirearmsX. The Missionary FactorA. Missionary MovementsB. Tensions between Missionaries and Imperial AdministratorsC. Missionaries and Indigenous Religious MovementsXI. Science and ImperialismA. BotanyB. ZoologyC. MedicineD. AnthropologyXII. In Perspective LEARNING OBJECTIVESHow did early modern colonization differ from nineteenth-century Western imperialism?How did Britain use its economic might to extend its influence around the world?Why was India such an important part of the British Empire?What was new about the “New Imperialism” and what role did economic motives play in nineteenth-century imperialism?How did European politics contribute to the “Scramble for Africa”?How did Russia come to control a vast and diverse Asian empire and what developments facilitated Western penetration and control of Asia?How did technological innovations make nineteenth-century imperialism possible?What was the relationship between missionaries and their home governments?How did science help imperialism capture the imagination of domestic audiences in Europe?DISCUSSION QUESTIONSHow did European imperial interests shift geographically in the nineteenth century? How was free trade related to the expansion of European influence around the globe? What was the New Imperialism? How was it different from free-trade imperialism? Why was Britain the dominant world power until the late nineteenth century? What were the Opium Wars? How did the British come to dominate India? What were the causes of the Indian rebellion of 1857? How did British rule in India change after the rebellion? Why was India so important to Britain? What were the motives of the New Imperialism? To what extent was the New Imperialism related to the capitalist search for higher profits and new markets? How did colonial officials and businesspeople influence the growth of colonial empires? Why was Algeria the most important part of the French Empire? What parts of the Ottoman Empire fell under European rule between the 1880s and 1914? Why did Britain come to dominate Egypt? Why did Germany and Italy acquire colonies? Why did Leopold II build an empire in the Congo? What was the Scramble for Africa?How did France gain control of Indochina? How did the United States become an imperial power? Where did Russia expand in mainland Asia? What were the consequences of Western imperialism in China?What were the “tools of imperialism”? Why was quinine so important for the spread of empires? What technological improvements enabled Western powers to dominate so much of the non-Western world? Why were the new colonial empires so short- lived?Why did Western missionary efforts expand in the nineteenth century? Why was the relationship be- tween Western missionaries and colonial officials so complicated? Why did Africans want to found their own churches? How has the spread of Christianity in the non-Western world affected the Christian churches?How did Westerners justify imperialism? What was the civilizing mission? What sciences were most associated with the New Imperialism? What role did racism play in the New Imperialism? ................
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