In what ways are farmers changing their form of pest control?



1619250-129540All about Food Booklet G00All about Food Booklet GThe Questions that have **** write these answers on looseleaf. The rest you may write on this paperThe Agri-food system1.a) How many people are directly involved in the Agri-food system by working and employed ON farms? __384,810__b) How many in manufacturing? _250,685__________c) Of those working directly ON the farms how much $$ do they bring in to Canada’s economy (as of 2006)? $42.2 billiond) How many of these ppl are in MB? ___33,185____Farmers are producing more food (page 2)****2. Farmers are producing more food now than ever before.Why is this so? Give 2 examplesAdvancements in research and technology- Improved animal care, housing, nutrition andbreeding have all contributed to healthier, more productive animals.- Plant breeders have developed new, moreproductive varieties of crops. Farmers are able toprovide the necessary nutrients for the crops, andto control pests and weeds. -Innovations in farmmachinery, such as planters and harvesters, havealso led to greater productivity.---GPSFood is very affordable in Canada (page 5)3. What % of our income do Canadians spend on food? 10.3% How does this compare to other countries. List a few examples.Nigeria 64% Australia 25% United States 15% Japan 17%Distinctly Canadian ( Page 14)4. “Pass The Pancakes”What province is the major distributor of Maple Syrup? Quebec5. “Bioproducts”What are Bioproducts and give 2 examples.Bioproducts are non-food products developed from biomass- biological or renewable material which can comefrom agricultural, food, forestry, marine and industrial ormunicipal sources. Most of us are familiar with ethanolmade from corn or wheat, or diesel made from soy. Thereare many other bioproducts including products such asclothing made from hemp, decking from plant fibre andplastic water bottles made from corn instead of oil. InCanada, more firms use agricultural biomass than anyother source.Biofuel and bioenergy is a growth area of bioproducts.Energy derived from renewable products such as corn andsoy is increasing. Other sources of bioenergy include thecapture of heat from the composting of manure and otherwaste matter, as well as electricity from biogenerators.******In what ways are farmers changing their form of pest control?In response to concerns about traditional chemical pesticidesthere are several bio-pesticides and bio-herbicidesunder development. These products may change the wayfarmers control pests. –water soluble – and wont harm animals if ingested . (page 13)6. “Certified Organic”What province has the highest amount of organic farmers? Saskatchewan What kinds of organic crops are they farming? Field crops and hay*******7. “The Farmer” Old MacDonald Had A FarmWhat is the common trend among age and the population of farmers?Farmers are getting older as a group, and there are fewer young people farming. In 2001, 50-60% were 35-54 and 35% were 55+, in 2006 50% were 35-54 and 40+% were 55+ showing the age to be increasing….8. “A Farmers Education”What subject areas do you think, a farmer be academically strong in in-order to be successful?University Degree- Business? –Economics/EnvironmentFarming is More than Food (page 15 B- Get a copy from Ms. H)10. Many of our food/agricultural products actually make non-food items.Of the list below give 2-3 examples of non-food items they help produce. (through manufacturing)CornCattlebike tires, toothpaste, wall papermake up, film, crayonsSoybeansHogsPaint, wood glue, diesel fuelfootballs, make-up, brushesSheepCanolaSoap, wool, shaving creamSuntan oil, make up The land and the environment (Page 19)11. By looking at the map approx. how much of Canada is actually suitable for agriculture?~5%******12. In Canada, where are many of our large urban centers located? (compared to agricultural land)It is interesting to observe on the map the location of our large urban centres and note they are in the middle of the agricultural land. *****13. Historically where have urban areas developed? And what is one growing concern regarding urban area size vs. agricultural land?Historically, urban areas developed around waterways for transportation and agricultural land for food.With expanding urban communities, there is a concern about the impact of urban sprawl on the availability of land for agricultural use.Canada’s Changing Farms (page 17)*******14. By looking at the chart on the top of page 17 what trend has occurred in the Farm population? Decreasing while the size of Canada’s population is increasing!It has declined from 3.3 million in 1931 to about 684,000 todayWhy do you suppose this is happening?Various answers include machinery, and ppl not interesting in farming but moving to the urban centers for work….15. At the same time look at the chart at the bottom of page 17. Now what do you suppose is one reason for the increase of some farm sizes in Canada? Technology/Innovations in Machinery Food Production (page 18)16. List 5 Specialty crops and the area(s) in Canada and approx. where they are grown. Ginseng- BC, Tobacco- S. Ont, Lentils/Peas- Prairies, Industrial Hemp- Prairies, Sunflower seeds –MB/Ont****Environmental Farm Practices (Sustainable Agriculture) (page 20)****17. Farmers have considered themselves to be stewards of the earth for a long time. There are many practices in farming with are aimed at protecting the environment while still allowing farming to be profitable. Name and explain these practices.Use of Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) systems to more accurately monitor nutrient levels and crop yields in order to make more effective decisions interms of pest management and fertilizer use◆ Mulch is used in fields to reduce the growth of crop damaging weeds as well as to reduce soil erosion◆ Farmers are switching to no-till techniques from furrow and conventionaltillage. No-till is a technique where the seeding equipment slices a thin slit inthe earth and deposits the seed without disturbing the rest of the soil. In 2001 this accounted for 29.7% of area tilled. This increased to 46.4% in the 2006 census◆ Management practices to protect soil from erosion; machines that can domultiple tasks in a single pass reduce the need to plough and saves the soilfrom erosion and compaction as well as the burning of fossil fuels to run themachines◆ Water conservation is practiced in many ways, including special holding tanksfor manure in order to reduce run-off into waterways. Farmers also fence waterways off from farm animals◆ Research surrounding animal nutrition is being conducted with a goal toreduce harmful nutrients produced in manure as well as the amount ofammonia released from manure, thus reducing the smell****Applications to Land**** (page 21)18. Explain the 3 types of Pest Management farmers can take to monitor/control pests.-Natural Predators Pests can be controlled using natural predators; these are the natural enemies of the pest. These predatorseither eat or fend off the harmful pest.-Sterile Insect Releasesand Pheromone Traps By interfering with mating, farmers can reduce the pest population and in turn, the damage to their crops.-Traps Traps can be used to catch insects that tend to fly at a certain height.Agricultural Production (Page 22)19) What % of Canadian farmers are associated with:Grains and Oilseeds? ______34%______Dairy? ____7%_____Red Meats? ____30%______Horticulture? ____7%_______Changing Greenhouse Production20) What type of greenhouse farming do we see an increase in, in the last few years? Fresh Produce…..Increase in cucumbers and peppers and a decline in tomatoes!!?Which provinces are leading in greenhouse vegetable production? Ontario 64% and BC at 24%Provincial Overview21. a)Define Census Farm and how many are there in Manitoba?A farm, ranch or other agricultural holding that produces agricultural products intended for sale.19,054 (out of 229,373 total)b) What is MB’s average farm size in hectares? Who has larger farms?405, SK, AL c) What percentage of livestock farms does MB have? 50.9% Canada as a whole? 50.9%d) What percentage of crop farms does MB have? 44.3% Canada as a whole? 38.9%e) What are the top 5 provinces for growing fruits and vege’s? Explain why this is so. BC 20.7%, NB 25.8%, NS 29.2%, PEI 32.5%, NFLD 29.6%Climate and Sandy Loam soils (East Coast)Canadian Farmers’ best customers (page 25)22. Who are Canada’s 4 top ‘customers’ with regards to agriculture and fishing products?#1- USA!#2- Japan#3- European Union#4- Mexico23. What types of products do we Import from around the world?Veges and FruitsCoffee, Tea, Cocoa, and ChocolateBeveragesMeatSugarAnimal Feeds ................
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