Lesson 3 | Air Currents

Lesson 3 | Air Currents

Student Labs and Activities

Launch Lab Content Vocabulary Lesson Outline MiniLab Content Practice A Content Practice B School to Home Key Concept Builders Enrichment Challenge Skill Practice

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Launch Lab

LESSON 3: 15 minutes

Why does air move?

Early sailors relied on wind to move their ships around the world. Today, wind is used as a renewable source of energy. In the following activity, you will explore what causes air to move.

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Inflate a balloon. Do not tie it. Hold the neck of the balloon closed.

3. Describe how the inflated balloon feels.

4. Open the neck of the balloon without letting go of the balloon. Record your observations of what happens in your Science Journal.

Think About This

1. What caused the inflated balloon surface to feel the way it did when the neck was closed?

2. What caused the air to leave the balloon when the neck was opened?

3.

Key Concept Why didn't outside air move into the balloon when the neck

was opened?

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Earth's Atmosphere

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Content Vocabulary

LESSON 3

Air Currents

Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then unscramble the letters in the shaded boxes to spell a seventh term.

jet stream trade winds

land breeze westerlies

polar easterlies wind

sea breeze

1. the movement of air

2. a narrow band of high winds in the troposphere

3. steady winds that flow from west to east

4. wind that blows from land to sea

5. steady winds that flow toward the equator

6. cold winds that blow from near Earth's poles

7. When they are unscrambled, the letters in the shaded boxes spell , which is wind that blows from sea to land.

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Earth's Atmosphere

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Lesson Outline

LESSON 3

Air Currents

A. Global Winds

1. The amount of energy an area receives is affected by the

Sun's

.

2. More poles.

reaches Earth's surface at the equator than at the

3. Low air pressure is usually located over the

; high air

pressure is usually located over the

.

4.

is the movement of air from areas of high pressure

toward areas of low pressure.

5. the world.

wind belts influence weather and climate throughout

B. Global Wind Belts

1. Scientists use a model that has three circulation patterns in Earth's atmosphere.

to describe air

2. In the first cell, hot air at the

moves to the top of the

troposphere. Then the air moves toward the cools and moves back to Earth's surface near the 30? latitude.

until it

3. In the third cell, air from the

sinks and moves along

Earth's surface toward the near the 60? latitude.

, warming up until it rises

4. The first cell and the third cell are driven by

.

5. The second cell lies between the 30? and 60? latitudes and is driven by the motion

of the

.

6. All three cells exist on both sides of the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

, in the

7. Global winds appear to curve due to the

.

a. The

are steady winds that flow toward the equator

from east to west between the 30?N and 30?S latitudes.

b. The

are the prevailing winds that flow from west to

east between the 60?N and 30?N latitudes and the 60?S and 30?S latitudes.

c. The

are cold winds that blow from the east to the

west near the North Pole and South Pole.

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Lesson Outline continued

8. A(n)

is a narrow band of high winds that are

commonly near the top of the troposphere.

a. Jet streams flow from the making large loops from north to south.

at up to 300 km/h, often

b. Jet streams influence toward the equator.

, moving cold air from the poles

C. Local Winds

1. another.

occur when air pressure differs from one location to

2. A(n)

is a wind that blows from the sea to the land due

to local temperature and pressure differences.

a. On a sunny day, the air over land warms and

,

creating an area of

pressure. The air over the

ocean does not warm as much; this cool air sinks, creating an area

of

pressure.

b. The contrast in pressure causes a(n) across the water toward the land.

wind to blow

3. A(n)

is a wind that blows from the land to the sea due

to local temperature and air pressure differences.

a. At night, the lands cools more quickly than the water, causing the air above

the

to sink.

b. The

pressure over the land and

the water.

pressure over the water make the wind blow toward

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