Aircraft Performance: Atmospheric Pressure
嚜澤ircraft Performance:
Atmospheric Pressure
FAA Handbook of Aeronautical
Knowledge
Chap 10
Atmosphere
? Envelope surrounds earth
? Air has mass, weight, indefinite shape
? Atmosphere
每 78% Nitrogen
每 21% Oxygen
每 1% other gases (argon, helium, etc)
? Most oxygen < 35,000 ft
Atmospheric Pressure
? Factors in:
每 Weather
每 Aerodynamic Lift
每 Flight Instrument
?
?
?
?
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Airspeed Indicator
Manifold Pressure Guage
Pressure
? Air has mass
每 Affected by gravity
? Air has weight ? Force
? Under Standard Atmospheric conditions
每 at Sea Level weight of atmosphere = 14.7 psi
? As air become less dense:
每 Reduces engine power (engine takes in less air)
每 Reduces thrust (propeller is less efficient in thin air)
每 Reduces Lift (thin air exerts less force on the airfoils)
International Standard Atmosphere
(ISA)
? Standard atmosphere at Sea level:
每 Temperature 59 degrees F (15 degrees C)
每 Pressure 29.92 in Hg (1013.2 mb)
? Standard Temp Lapse Rate
每 -3.5 degrees F (or 2 degrees C) per 1000 ft altitude
gain
? Upto 36,000 ft (then constant)
? Standard Pressure Lapse Rate
每 -1 in Hg per 1000 ft altitude gain
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