Who uses them - Weebly



What is a flight simulator?A?flight simulator?is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft?flight?and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes.Types of flight simulatorsCockpit Procedures Trainer (CPT)?- Used to practice basic cockpit procedures, such as processing emergency checklists, and for cockpit familiarization. Certain aircraft systems may or may not be simulated. The aerodynamic model is usually extremely generic if present at all. CPTs are usually not regulated.Aviation Training Device (ATD)?- Used for basic training of flight concepts and procedures. A generic flight model representing a "family" of aircraft is installed, and many common flight systems are simulated.Basic Instrument Training Device (BITD)?- A basic training device primarily focused on generic instrument flight procedures.Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer (FNPT)?- Used for generic flight training. A generic, but comprehensive flight model is required, and many systems and environmental effects must be provided.Integrated Procedures Trainer (IPT)?- Provides a fully simulated cockpit in a 3D spatial cockpit environment that combines the use of multiple touch-sensitive screens that display simulated panels in the same size as the actual aircraft panels with hardware replica panels.Flight Training Device (FTD)?- Used for either generic or aircraft-specific flight training. Comprehensive flight, systems, and environmental models are required. High level FTDs require visual systems but not the characteristics of a Full Flight Simulator (FFS), see below.Full flight simulator?(FFS)?- Used for aircraft-specific flight training under rules of the appropriate national civil aviation regulatory authority. Under these rules, relevant aircraft systems must be fully simulated, and a comprehensive aerodynamic model is required. All FFS require outside-world (OTW) visual systems and a motion platform.Full Mission Simulator (FMS)?- Used by the military to denote a simulator capable of training all aspects of an operational mission in the aircraft concerned.Reference source simulator "levels" and other categoriesThe following levels of qualification are currently being granted for both airplane and helicopter FSTD:US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)Flight Training Devices (FTD)FAA FTD Level 4?- Similar to a Cockpit Procedures Trainer (CPT), but for helicopters only. This level does not require an aerodynamic model, but accurate systems modeling is required.FAA FTD Level 5?- Aerodynamic programming and systems modeling is required, but it may represent a family of aircraft rather than only one specific model.FAA FTD Level 6?- Aircraft-model-specific aerodynamic programming, control feel, and physical cockpit are required.FAA FTD Level 7?- Model specific, helicopter only. All applicable aerodynamics, flight controls, and systems must be modeled. A vibration system must be supplied. This is the first level to require a visual system.Full Flight Simulators (FFS) FAA FFS Level A?- A motion system is required with at least three degrees of freedom. Airplanes only.FAA FFS Level B?- Requires three axis motion and a higher-fidelity aerodynamic model than does Level A. The lowest level of helicopter flight simulator.FAA FFS Level C?- Requires a motion platform with all six degrees of freedom. Also lower transport delay (latency) over levels A & B. The visual system must have an outside-world horizontal field of view of at least 75 degrees for each pilot.FAA FFS Level D?- The highest level of FFS qualification currently available. Requirements are for Level C with additions. The motion platform must have all six degrees of freedom, and the visual system must have an outside-world horizontal field of view of at least 150 degrees, with a?Collimated?(distant focus) display. Realistic sounds in the cockpit are required, as well as a number of special motion and visual effects.European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA, ex JAA)Flight Navigation and Procedures Trainer (FNPT) EASA FNPT Level IEASA FNPT Level IIEASA FNPT Level IIIMCC - Not a true "level" of qualification, but an add-on that allows any level of FNPT to be used for?Multi Crew Coordination?training.Flight Training Devices (FTD)EASA FTD Level 1EASA FTD Level 2EASA FTD Level 3 - Helicopter only.Full Flight Simulators (FFS) EASA FFS Level AEASA FFS Level BEASA FFS Level CEASA FFS Level DReference source new anywhere from 10 million to 35 million dollars.In today's market, you might be able to pick up a used working full motion sim for $1.5 - 3 million with basic visuals.Who uses themPilotsQANTASAir force You can use flight simulators at anytime and you can get a real life simulation without paying petrol Advantages Disadvantages simulation of life threatening situations (no power landings, stuck gear) without the actual loss of lifeMainly the feedback (or lack of it) is not the same is in flight and that you know you are in a simulator.the invaluable flight hours without the cost of fuel and flight maintenancerefer to figure 2 note air force training of an F8-111 is 5% of the cost of actual flying ie. $214 instead of $4470 per hour no one knows they will do when in an actual emergency.familiarization for new prospective pilotsfamiliarization for experienced pilots with new planesIn table 2 it shows the price of running a real air force b-520 is 6420 compared the price of a flight simulator of the same plane which is 185The multimedia neededhardwarememory (ram)processorgraphicssoundstoragecontrol systems pneumaticsoftware video dataimages of airportsoperational aircraft sounds/ engines motionWarning sounds, images joystick jutterAbnormal sounds (engine not sounding right)Abnormal motion ................
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