Basic Electricity - Aviation Technician Education Council



Basic ElectricityThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Electron theoryMagnetismCapacitance in a circuitInductance in a circuitAC electrical circuitsDC electrical circuitsOhm's lawKirchhoff's law(s)VoltageCurrentResistancePowerSeries circuitsParallel circuitsAircraft batteriesTransformersCircuit continuityControlling devises including switches and relaysProtective devices including fuses and circuit breakersResistor types and color codingDC motorsAC motorsSemiconductors including diodes, transistors and integrated circuitsDigital logic, including RAM, ROM, NVRAM, AND-gate, OR-gate, Inverter, Flip-flopDigital numbersTroubleshooting an aircraft charging systemElectrostatic dischargeElectrical circuit drawingsAlternator theory and operation.Regulator theory and operation.The applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Perform circuit continuity testMeasure voltageMeasure currentMeasure resistanceCalculate powerCalculate capacitance and/or inductanceTest a switch or relayTest a fuse or circuit breakerRead and interpret aircraft electrical circuit diagrams, symbols, including solid state devices and logic functionsTroubleshoot a circuitTroubleshoot an aircraft alternator-based charging systemInspect and service an aircraft battery and compartmentRepair a printed circuit board by removing a defective component (such as a resistor, capacitor, or diode) and installing and soldering in a replacement componentThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Safety factors involved in taking voltage, current, resistance and capacitance measurementsHandling and storage of different type batteries. i.e. lead acid, NiCad, lithium ion, gel cell, etc.Cautions involved in preparing to tow an aircraft. i.e. brakes, clearance for large aircraftSafety factors when dealing with high-voltage circuits such as found in strobe lightingInstall wires in an electrical connector plug. Determine or measure for open electrical circuits. Measure voltage drop across a resistor. Aircraft DrawingThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Drawings, blueprints, sketches and/or system schematics including commonly used lines, symbols and terminologyRepair or alteration of an aircraft system or component(s) using drawings/blueprints and/or system schematicsSymbols used in electrical and electronic schematic diagrams, such as grounds, shields, resistors, capacitors, fuses, circuit breakers, batteries, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuitsThe applicant demonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Draw a sketch of a major repair or alterationIdentify the meaning of lines and symbols used in an aircraft drawingInterpret dimensions used in an aircraft drawingIdentify changes on an aircraft drawingDetermine material requirements from an aircraft drawingTroubleshoot an aircraft system or component using an aircraft drawingInspect an aircraft system or component using an aircraft drawingMaintain an aircraft system or component using an aircraft drawingInterpret graphs and chartsThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Plus or minus tolerances as depicted on aircraft drawingsUse of manufactures specifications for design of alterations and repairs.Weight and BalanceThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Commonly used terminology such as datum, arm, moment (positive or negative), tare, ballast, and residual fuel/oilPurpose of weighing or reweighing an aircraftWeighing proceduresPurpose and application of mean aerodynamic chordProcedures for calculation of the following: arm, moment (positive or negative), center of gravity or moment indexRelationship of airplane center of gravity (CG) to the center of liftAdverse loading considerationsDetermine proper empty weight configurationDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Identify procedures for and walk-through steps for weighing an aircraftPerform weight and balance calculationsCalculate ballast/weight shiftCheck aircraft weighing scales for calibrationCalculate weight and balance data for an aircraft after an equipment changeCompute forward and aft loaded center of gravityDetermine a location for permanent ballast to bring an aircraft back into balanceCreate a maintenance record for a weight and balance changeCompute the amount of fuel needed for weight and balance computationsRecord scale readings from a weighed aircraftComputer lateral CG for a helicopterCalculate the moment of an item of equipmentIdentify tare itemsLocate weight and balance informationLocate datumLocate the baggage compartment placarding requirements for an aircraftRevise an aircraft equipment list after equipment changeDetermine the weight and location of required ballastCalculate the change needed to correct an overweight or out of balance conditionThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Situations that can lead to unsafe conditions when jacking an aircraft; i.e. jacking the aircraft in an area that is susceptible to wind gustsDangers of weighing an aircraft without following recommended proceduresImproper use of scalesAdverse loading considerationsFluid Lines and FittingsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Tubing and hose materialsTubing and hose applicationsTubing and hose sizesTubing and hose fittingsFlexible hose identification.Rigid line fabrication techniques/practices Rigid line installation techniques/practicesFlexible hose fabrication techniques/practicesFlexible hose installation techniques/practicesDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Fabricate an aircraft tubeInstall an aircraft tubeInstall an aircraft hosePerform a tubing or hose inspectionIdentify installation and security requirements for tubing and hoseIdentify fluid and air lines and fittingsForm a bead on tubing.Fabricate a flare on tubing.Install a flareless-fitting-tube connection.The applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Proper system configuration prior to and during maintenance. i.e. all pressures depleted and system tagged prior to disassembly or maintenanceProper use of required safety equipment and gearUse of FAA-approved materials and componentsAvoiding twisting when installing flexible fluid hoses.Importance of using a torque wrench when securing fluid hose and line fittings.Use of torque seal or similar witness techniques after installing critical fluid hose and line fittings.Materials, Hardware and ProcessesThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Materials commonly used in aircraft and their general applicationHeat treatment, parts precautions, using DD or “icebox” rivetsForces placed on aircraft materialsHardware commonly used in aircraft including bolts, nuts, screws, pins, washers, turnlock fasteners, cables, cable fittings, and rigid line couplingsSafety wire and safety clip requirements and techniquesPrecision measurement and precision measurement tools,, principles and proceduresVisible characteristics of acceptable and/or unacceptable welds.Which non-destructive testing methods are appropriate for various materialsDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Install safety wire on nuts, bolts, turnbuckles and airframe or engine componentsProperly torque aircraft hardwarePerform a visual inspection of various weldsIdentify different kinds of aircraft materials and hardwareSelect and install aircraft boltsMake precision measurements with a micrometer that has a vernier scaleCheck the alignment of a shaftIdentify aircraft control cable part numberFabricate a cable assembly using a swaged end fittingSelect the correct aluminum alloy for a structural repairIdentify rivets by physical characteristicsDetermine suitability of materials for aircraft repairsDistinguish between heat-treated and non-heat-treated aluminum alloysDetermine required torque value of given itemCheck for proper calibration of a micrometerIdentify proper installation procedures for a seal, backup ring, and/or gasketThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:The proper use personal protective equipment (PPE)Suitability and compatibility of materials and hardware to be used for a repair or an alteration Consequences of improper torqueWet vs. dry torqueRunning vs. breakaway torqueInspection of threaded fasteners for damaged threads or damaged cadmium platingRelationship between torque and fastener preloadMisunderstanding and misapplication of torqueing techniques on critical highly-stressed fasteners.Ground Operation and ServicingThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Aircraft towing proceduresAircraft securing proceduresTypes of aviation fuelAviation fueling proceduresAirport operation proceduresStarting, ground operating, and/or taxiing proceduresTypes/classes of fire extinguishers and proceduresAircraft oil, hydraulic and pneumatic, deicing etc. servicing procedures.Oxygen system servicing procedures.Characteristics of aviation gasoline and/or turbine fuels, including basic types and means of identification.Fuel additives commonly used in the field.Use of automobile fuel in aircraft engines.Select an approved fuel for an aircraftDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Identify procedures for and walk-through steps to secure an aircraftIdentify procedures for and walk-through steps to tow an aircraftFollow a start-up checklist for an aircraft reciprocating or turbine enginePrepare an aircraft for engine startingUse appropriate hand signals for the movement of aircraftIdentify procedures for and walk-through steps to fuel an aircraftDetermine the remaining amount of fuel in an aircraftInspect an aircraft fuel system for water contaminationWalk-through the procedures for extinguishing fires in an engine induction system during startingConnect an external auxiliary power unitIdentify different grades of aviation gasolineIdentify procedures for and walk-through steps to secure a helicopter for high-wind conditionsIdentify procedures for and walk-through steps to secure a turbine-powered aircraft after engine shutdownThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Dangers associated with starting, ground operating, and/or taxiing aircraft and procedures for preventing, minimizing or otherwise managing any of themFuel contamination hazardsDangers associated with misfueling an aircraftDangers associated with starting a turbine aircraft engine and engine reun-up.Oxygen system safety practices/precautionsCautions involved in preparing to tow an aircraft. i.e. brakes, clearance for large aircraft, etc.Ground operations of piston aircraft engines with cowling removed.Risks associated with high-power and extended low-power ground operations of piston aircraft engines (when they have little or no cooling airflow).Cleaning and Corrosion ControlThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Aircraft washing proceduresCorrosion theoryTypes and effects of corrosionCorrosion causationCorrosion prone areas in aircraftCorrosion preventive maintenance proceduresCorrosion identification and inspectionCorrosion removal and treatment proceduresVarious kinds of Corrosion Preventive Compounds (CPCs), such as waxy sealants, thin-film dielectrics, etc. Selection of optimal CPCs Frequency of CPC treatmentDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Perform a portion of an aircraft corrosion inspectionIdentify and select aircraft finishing materialsApply finishing materialsInspect finishes and identify defects The use of high-pressure application equipment (“fogging”) for optimal application for modern thin-film dielectric CPCs.The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Improper use of cleaners on aluminum or composite materials Dissimilar metals causing accelerated corrosion, and role of things like cadmium plating to mitigate this risk.Improper use or lack of use of appropriate PPE when handling solventsMathematicsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Areas of various geometrical shapes.Volumes of various geometrical shapes.Definitions/descriptions of geometrical terms, including but not limited to any of the following: polygon, pi, diameter, radius, and hypotenuse.Ratio problems, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation to aircraft maintenance or system(s) operation.Proportion problems, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation to aircraft maintenance or system(s) operation.Percentage problems, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation to aircraft maintenance or system(s) operation.Algebraic operations, including examples of where or how they may be used in relation to aircraft maintenance.Conditions or areas where metric conversion may be necessary.Scientific (exponential) notation, decimal notation, fractional notation, and conversion between these various forms of numeric notation.Precision and rounding.Demonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Determine the square root of given numbers Locate the instructions for determining square root.Locate formulas to determine area and/or pute the volume of a pute the area of a wing.Calculate the volume of a shape; such as a baggage compartment or fuel tank.Convert fractional numbers to decimal pare two numerical values using pute compression ratio.Add, subtract, multiply, and/or divide positive and negative pute the least common denominator of two or more pute the torque value change when using a torque wrench with an extension.The applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassingFailure to use the standard order of operation when solving an algebraic equation.Failure to maintain the correct positive or negative integer in mathematical operations.Inadequate precision when doing calculations.Regulations and RecordkeepingThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Privileges and limitations of a mechanic certificateRecent experience requirements and how to re-establish once lostMeaning of approval for return to service after repairs and/or alterations. Meaning of approval for return to service after inspection. (The two differ drastically, and many mechanics do not understand the difference. Approval after repairs and/or alternations does NOT imply that the aircraft is airworthy, only that the repairs and/or alterations were performed satisfactorily.)Explain the difference in requirements for a major repair/alteration and a minor repair/alteration. Explain the difference between “approved data” (required for major repair/alteration) and “acceptable data” (required for minor repair/alteration). List the various sources of approved data and of acceptable data.The use of FAA maintenance recordkeeping forms (e.g., FAA Forms 337, 8010-4, 8100-2, 8050-3 and 8130-3)Maintenance terminology as defined in 14 CFR part 1 (e.g. time in service, maintenance, preventive maintenance, major alteration, major repair, minor alteration and minor repair)Criteria for determining whether a repair or alteration is major or minorThe regulatory framework including general subject matter of the relevant parts of 14 CFR Agency publications and guidance materials including type certificate data sheets (TCDS), advisory circulars and airworthiness directivesManufacturer publications including maintenance manuals, service bulletins, maintenance alerts and master minimum equipment listFAA databases and resources available including type certificate data sheets and supplemental type certificates The meaning of a mechanic’s signature and approval for return to service after repairs and/or alterations (14 CFR 43.9), as contrasted with the meaning of a mechanic’s signature and approval or disapproval for return to service after a 100-hour, annual, progressive or special inspection (14 CFR 43.11)Non-regulatory TCDS and TCDS does not make it compulsoryCompliance with service bulletins are not compulsory for Part 91 operators, even so-called “mandatory” service bulletins, unless mandated by an Airworthiness DirectiveIntervals (inspection, replacement, overhaul) in the maintenance manual are NOT compulsory unless included in an FAA-approved Airworthiness Limitations section of the MM.Methods, techniques and practices in the maintenance manual are acceptable but NOT compulsory, and alternative acceptable methods, techniques and practices may be pliance with the overhaul manual is required if a repair is documented as an “overhaul” but is not required if it is documented as a “repair”Compliance with ICA follow the same rules as for MM. Intervals (inspection, replacement, overhaul) in ICA are NOT compulsory unless included in an FAA-approved Airworthiness Limitations section of the ICA. Methods, techniques and practices in the ICA are acceptable but NOT compulsory, and alternative acceptable methods, techniques and practices may be used.Records content, form, and disposition requirements for major repairs and/or major alterations.Demonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Complete FAA Form 337 or 8130-3 based on a given set of facts (e.g., 100-hour inspection, serviceable part installation, applicable airworthiness directive, applicable service bulletin, etc.)Check accuracy of a completed FAA Form 337 or 8130-3Determine aircraft airworthiness by examining maintenance record entriesPrepare a master airworthiness directives list for a specific airframe, engine and/or propeller and determine applicability by make, model, and serial numberCreate a current equipment list for an aircraft, listing all equipment installedLocate applicable FAA aircraft specifications and/or FAA type certificate data sheet for an aircraft or componentDetermine an aircraft’s center of gravity range using aircraft specifications and type certificate data sheetsLocate aircraft flight control travel limitsDetermine applicability of an airworthiness directiveCheck a technical standard order part for the proper markingsUse a manufacturer’s illustrated parts catalog to locate a specific part numberLocate supplemental type certificates applicable to a specific aircraftDetermine the conformity of aircraft instrument range markings and/or placardingDetermine approved tires for installation on a given aircraftDetermine maximum allowable weight of a specific aircraftDetermine whether a given repair or alteration is major or minorLocate mechanic address change notification proceduresLookup applicable CFR section(s) that answers questions posed regarding FAA mechanic privileges and limitationsDetermine whether manufacturer’s service instructions are required by regulation or not.The applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Hazards that can result from incomplete or inaccurate documentationHazards that can result from incomplete or inaccurate documentationUse of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Inoperative equipmentDiscrepancy records or placardsThe use of useable on codes in parts manualsDetermining the serial number effectivity of an itemLimitations of a certificate and/or ratingUnderstanding recency of experienceAviation PhysicsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Matter and energyWork, power, force and motionHeat and pressureGas law and fluid mechanicsTheory of flight (aerodynamics)Atmospheric conditionsBernoulli’s principle and Newtonian lawDensity altitudeAircraft flight controlsAerodynamic aids including vortex generators, wing fences, and stall stripsStandard dayForces of flightAirfoilsImportance of preload in highly stressed fasteners.Relationship between torque and preload in highly-stressed threaded fasteners.Axes of flight – roll, pitch and yawAircraft stabilityDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit or Fahrenheit to CelsiusDetermine density altitudeDetermine pressure altitudeCalculate force, area, or pressure in a specific applicationDemonstrate the mechanical advantage of various types of leversDesign an inclined plane on paper, indicating the mechanical advantageIdentify changes in pressure and velocity as a fluid passes through a venturiDesign a mechanical pulley systemDetermine density of a solid object with a specific gravity of less than oneDetermine horsepower for a given weight, distance, and timeCalculate expansion due to temperature changeThe applicant identifies, assesses and mitigates risks, encompassing:Inadequate preload in highly stressed threaded fasteners.Precautions to ensure adequate preload when installing such fasteners.The change in aircraft and engine performance due to density altitude.InspectionsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Measuring tools including calipers, micrometers and gaugesCalibration and tool accuracyNondestructive testingAircraft inspection programsAircraft inspection methods and toolsFocused inspections including aging aircraft, hard-landing, sudden stoppage, over-speed and lightning strikeDemonstrates skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Use calipersUse micrometersUse measurement gaugesPerform a dye penetrant inspectionPerform a magnetic particle inspectionInspect aircraft for compliance with an ADIdentify NDT methods for composite, surface metal and subsurface metal defectsThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Human FactorsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Safety culture and organizational factorsHuman error principlesEvent investigationHuman performance and limitationsPhysical and social environmentCommunicationTeamwork and leadershipProfessionalism and integrityShift and task turnoverThe “Dirty Dozen”The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Fatigue management and fitness for dutyForeign Object EliminationThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Tool and hardware accountabilityLost itemsPhysical entry and personnel controlReporting and investigationMaterial handlingParts protectionsHazardous materialsWildlife and environmental effectsForeign object damage effectsThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Alert, Caution, and Warning IndicationsMetallic StructuresThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Sheet metalsSheet metal rivets and hardwareHeat treatment of aluminumLayout and bend sheet metalForm sheet metalThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Install and remove conventional rivetsRepair sheet metalInspect sheet metalSelect and install special fastenersProperly use Manufacturer’s Structure Repair ManualPrepare and install a patch to repair an aircraft or componentMake a drawing of a repair including the number of rivets and size of sheet metal requiredRemove a patch that was installed with rivetsTrim and form a piece of sheet metal to fit a prepared areaFabricate a complex aluminum part in accordance with a drawingDetermine a rivet pattern for a specific repair given pitch, gauge, and edge distanceInstall special fasteners of at least two different typesPerform metallic ring test on bonded structureCountersink holes in sheet metal to .010 tolerancePerform a repair on a damaged aluminum sheetThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Non-Metallic StructuresThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Wood structuresAircraft coveringComposite structuresComposite core materialsComposite manufacturing methodsComposite structure inspection proceduresPlastics inspection and repairGlass inspectionsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Select and install fasteners on composite structuresPerform a hot-bond repair of a composite structureInspect and repair fiberglass Inspect composite, plastic, or glass-laminated structuresInspect acrylic type windshieldsIdentify window enclosure materialsPrepare composite surface for paintingInspect pilot seat and seatbelt to include technical standard order (TSO) markingsThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Maintenance safety practicesAirframe InspectionThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Inspection requirementsMaintenance recordkeeping requirementsWelding inspections and checksAircraft doors, windows and interior furnishing inspectionsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Accomplish an airframe conformity checkPerform an airframe inspection to include a records checkPerform a portion of a 100-hour/annual inspection in accordance with Part 43, Appendix DEnter results of a 100-hour inspection in a maintenance recordDetermine when the next annual and/or 100-hour inspection is required on a specific aircraftDetermine compliance with a particular airworthiness directiveProvide a checklist for conducting a 100-hour inspectionThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Landing Gear SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Fixed and retractable landing gear systemsFixed and retractable landing gear componentsSteering systemsLanding gear and warning system inspection, check and servicingAnti-skid system components and operationWheel, brake and tire constructionTire storage, care, and/or servicingPosition indicatorsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect and service a landing gearInspect, check and service an anti-skid systemLocate procedures for checking operation of an anti-skid warning systemLocate troubleshooting procedures for an anti-skid systemJack aircraftPerform a landing gear retractionInspect wheels, brakes and tiresInstall brake lining(s) or brake assemblyBleed air from a hydraulic brake systemTroubleshoot hydraulic brake systemsRepair a defective tubeLocate tire storage practicesReplace air/oil shock strut air valveTroubleshoot an air/oil shock strutService a nosewheel shimmy damperAdjust nosewheel steering systemInspect landing gear alignmentReplace master brake cylinder packing sealsTroubleshoot aircraft steering systemIdentify landing gear position system componentsTroubleshoot landing gear position and/or warning systemsIdentify landing gear warning system componentsInspect landing gear position indicating systemRepair landing gear position indicating systemsDescribe the sequence of operation for a landing gear warning systemRemove, install, and/or adjust a landing gear down-lock switchCheck rigging and adjustment of landing gear up-lockInspect an electrical brake control for proper operationThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Landing gear and/or tire and wheel safety practices/precautionsHydraulic and Pneumatic SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Hydraulic system components and fluidsHydraulic system operationHydraulic system servicing requirementsHydraulic system inspection, check, servicing and troubleshootingPneumatic system types and componentsPneumatic system servicing requirementsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Identify different types of hydraulic fluidsIdentify different packing sealsInstall seals in a hydraulic componentRemove and install a selector valveCheck a pressure regulator and adjust as necessaryRemove, clean, and install a hydraulic system filterService a hydraulic system accumulatorService a hydraulic system reservoirRemove, install, and check an engine-driven hydraulic pumpTroubleshoot hydraulic power systemPurge air from a hydraulic systemRemove and/or install a system pressure relief valveTroubleshoot a hydraulic power system leakTroubleshoot a pneumatic power system leakService pneumatic brake system air bottlesInspect a pneumatic air bottle for condition and determine service life (hydrostatic testing)Adjust a pneumatic power system relief valveLocate fluid servicing instructions and identify/select fluid for a given aircraftThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Environmental SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Requirements for cabin environmental systemPressurization systemsAir cycle systemsVapor cycle systemCabin heatersAircraft instrument coolingThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect, check, service and troubleshoot an oxygen systemLocate procedures for troubleshooting a cabin heaterLocate the procedures for protecting a freon system from contamination during replacement of a componentLocate sources of contamination in a freon systemLocate the procedures for checking a combustion heater fuel system for leaksIdentify and describe the units in a freon system in relation to each otherLocate the servicing procedures for a vapor-cycle air conditioning systemLocate the inspection requirements for a cabin heater system equipped with an exhaust heat exchangerLocate the procedures for inspecting an outflow valve in a pressurization systemLocate operating instructions for a freon systemLocate the negative pressure relief valveLocate instructions for the Inspection of a pressurization systemThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Aircraft Instrument SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Pressure indicating instrumentsTemperature indicating instrumentsMechanical movement measuring instrumentsGyroscopic instrumentsDirection indicating instrumentsInstrument pneumatic systemsPitot static systemFuel quantity indicating systemsWarning systemsRange markingsDigital electronic instrumentsNumbering systems and data conversionData buses and logic circuitsIntegrated circuitsFiber opticsElectronic displaysElectrostatic sensitive devisesDigital aircraft systemsBuilt in test equipmentCentral maintenance computer systemElectronic flight instrument systemEngine indication and crew alerting systemHeads-up guidance systemThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Perform a static system pressure system leak testRemove and install instrumentsInstall range marks on an instrument glassDetermine barometric pressure using an altimeterCheck pitot-static heat for proper operationCheck for proper indication of a manifold pressure gageApply instrument glass slippage marksLocate instructions for the inspection of a magnetic compassLocate procedures for troubleshooting a vacuum operated turn-and-bank instrumentsIdentify an electric attitude indicatorSelect proper altimeter for installation on a given aircraftLocate a synchro-type indicating systemLocate a vacuum pumpRemove and install a heated pitot tubeIdentify exhaust gas temperature system componentsExplain the troubleshooting procedures for an electrical resistance thermometer systemService a vacuum system filterCheck an altimeter system for certification for instrument flight rules (IFR)Identify an aircraft vacuum systemAdjust gyro/instrument air pressureInspect a cylinder head temperature indicating systemLocate and explain troubleshooting procedures for a directional gyro system malfunctionLocate the alternate air source on an aircraftThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Communication and Navigation SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Radio operating principlesRadio componentsAntennas and antenna inspection requirementsInterphone systemsSystems including very high frequency (VHF), high frequency (HF), intercom, and SATCOMAircraft communication addressing and reporting system (ACARS)Radio integrating system (AIS)Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)Automatic direction finder (ADF)Very high frequency omnidirectional (VOR)Distance measuring equipment (DME)Instrument landing system (ILS)Global positioning system (GPS)Inertial navigation system (INS)Traffic alert and collision warning system (TCAS)Weather radarGround proximity warning systemsWarning systemsAuto-pilot theory, components and operationStability augmentationAntennas and antenna inspection requirementsSurveillance transpondersAutomatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B)The applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Locate operating instructions for an autopilot systemLocate autopilot inspection proceduresList autopilot major componentsLocate and identify navigation and/or communication antennasCheck very high frequency (VHF) communications for operationInspect a coaxial cable installation for securityCheck an emergency locator transmitter for operationInspect ELT batteries for expiration dateInspect electronic equipment mounting base for security and conditionInspect electronic equipment shock mount bonding jumpers for resistanceInspect static discharge wicks for security and/or resistanceInspect a radio installation for securityLocate weather radar operating proceduresIdentify transponder transmission lineLocate installation procedures for antennas including mounting and coaxial connectionsMake a list of required placards for communication and navigation avionic equipmentLocate troubleshooting procedures for a takeoff warning systemDetermine the adjustment requirements of a flap position warning systemLocate the adjustment procedures for a stall warning systemLocate procedures for checking pneumatic/bleed air overheat warning systemsThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Aircraft Fuel SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Fuel system typesComponents including filters and selector valvesAircraft fuel tanksFuel flowFuel quantityFuel transfer and defuelingFuel dump systemsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect, check, troubleshoot, or repair a fuel systemOperationally check fuel systemInspect a metal fuel tankInspect a bladder fuel tankInspect an integral fuel tankCheck manually operated fuel valves for proper operation and/or leaksTroubleshoot a fuel valve problemDrain fuel system sumpsService a fuel system strainerLocate instructions for the calibration of a direct reading fuel indicating systemInspect a remote indicating fuel quantity systemLocate fuel system operating instructionsLocate fuel system inspection proceduresLocate fuel system crossfeed procedures Locate fuel system required placardsLocate fuel system defueling proceduresTroubleshoot fuel pressure warning systemLocate troubleshooting procedures for fuel temperature systemsRemove and/or install a fuel quantity transmitterTroubleshoot aircraft fuel systemsRemove and install a fuel selector valveThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Hazards associated with fuel system maintenanceAircraft Electrical SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:GeneratorsAlternatorsStarter generatorsVoltage regulatorsDC generation systemsAC generation systemsDC power distribution systemsAC power distribution systemsAircraft wiring sizes, types and selectionAircraft wiring shieldingAircraft lightning protectionAircraft bondingAircraft lighting systemsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect aircraft wiring to verify installation and routingPerform wire terminating and splicingPerform build-up and repair of connectorsRead wiring circuits and diagramsSolder aircraft wiringTroubleshoot an airframe electrical circuitInstall, check and service airframe electrical wiring, switches, and protective devisesSecure wire bundlesDetermine an electrical load in a given aircraft systemInstall bonding jumpersCheck output voltage of a direct current (DC) generatorAdjust voltage regulatorsCheck the resistance of an electrical system componentCheck generator brush spring tension and/or service abilityInspect and check anti-collision, position, and/or landing lights for proper operationIdentify components in an electrical systemIdentify cockpit lighting circuitsTroubleshoot a DC electrical system supplied by an alternating current (AC) electrical systemIdentify components in an electrical schematic where AC is rectified to a DC voltageVisually identify and describe operation of components in a constant speed drive (CSD) or integrated drive generator (IDG)The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Ice and Rain Control SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Aircraft icing causes/effectsIce detection systemsAnti-ice systems and componentsDe-ice systems and componentsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect or operationally check pitot-static anti-ice systemInspect or operationally check deicer bootClean a pneumatic deicer bootCheck an electrically-heated pitot tube systemLocate procedures for troubleshooting an electrically-heated pitot systemCheck an electrically heated water drain systemInspect thermal anti-ice systemsCheck an electrically-heated windshieldInspect an electrically-operated windshield wiper systemCheck an electrically or hydraulically-operated windshield wiper systemReplace blades on a windshield wiper systemCheck pneumatic rain removal systemCheck a rain repellent systemLocate inspection procedures for chemical rain protection of a windscreenThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Fire Protection SystemsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Types of fires and aircraft fire zonesFire detection and warning systemsFire detection system maintenance and inspectionSmoke and carbon monoxide detection systemsFire extinguishing agents and types of extinguishing systemsFire extinguishing system maintenance and inspection requirementsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and/or repair an aircraft fire detection and extinguishing systemDetermine proper container pressure for an installed fire extinguisher systemIdentify maintenance procedures for fire detection and/or extinguishing system(s) and/or system component(s)Inspect and/or check a smoke and/or toxic gas detection systemLocate inspection procedures for carbon monoxide detectorsLocate procedures for checking a smoke detection systemLocate the procedures for inspecting a thermal switch fire detection systemInspect a thermocouple fire warning systemInspect fire protection system CO2 cylindersInspect conventional CO2 fire protection systemCheck a conventional CO2 fire-protection systemsCheck a fire protection system freon bottle charge pressureInspect a high-rate-of-discharge fire-extinguisher systemLocate troubleshooting procedures for a high-rate-of-discharge fire-extinguisher systemInspect Freon bottle discharge cartridgeCheck Freon bottle discharge circuitInspect fire-extinguisher bottle or cylinder for hydrostatic test dateThe applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:Rotorcraft FundamentalsThe applicant demonstrates understanding of:Rotorcraft aerodynamicsFundamentals of rotorsFlight controlsTransmissionsRig rotary wing aircraftDesign and operation of rotor systemsThe applicant demonstrates the skill to perform, as a minimum, one of the following elements:The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: 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