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VISD Elementary Social Studies TEKS Tools199072510795 00 528637510795 00 Texas OilWeek 274th GradeStudents will identify the impact of various issues and events on life and the free enterprise system of Texas (discovery of oil and gas). Students will explain how oil and gas discovery led to population growth in certain areas of the state. They will identify famous scientists and their contributions (Patillo Higgins)4.4History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in Texas during the last half of the 19th century. The student is expected to:4.4BExplain the growth, development, and impact of the cattle industry, including contributions made by Charles Goodnight, Richard King, and Lizzie Johnson.ExplainGROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND IMPACT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRYIncluding, but not limited to:Growth of cattle industryLarge Spanish ranches had been established along the border with Mexico, prior to the Civil WarTexas had a large supply of cattle after the Civil War and there was large demand for beef in the North.Development of cattle industryLand in West Texas that was not well-suited for agricultural purposes, was used for grazing cattleTrail drives were developed to transport cattle to the railroads.Charles Goodnight – founder of the Goodnight-Loving Trail along with Oliver Loving. It ran west into New Mexico and passed through Colorado.Impact of cattle industryA cowboy culture developed. Examples of famous cowboys included Daniel Webster, “80 John” Wallace, Bose Ikard, Oliver Loving, Charles Goodnight, and Maria del Carmen Cavillo.Elizabeth “Lizzie” Johnson Williams – the first woman in Texas to ride the Chisholm Trail with a herd of cattle that she had acquired under her own brand.Richard King – ranches were created across Texas. The King Ranch was the largest ranch in the world and was founded by Captain Richard King and his partner Mifflin Kenedy.Diversified economy – farming and ranchingGrowth of railroad4.5History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas. The student is expected to:4.5AIdentify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II.Identify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II.IdentifyIMPACT OF VARIOUS ISSUES AND EVENTS ON LIFE IN TEXASIncluding, but not limited to:Impact of urbanization The population of Texas grew in urban areasIncreased number and size of major citiesNew types of jobs created, lifestyles dependent on the automobile developedImpact of increased use of oil and gas New products and economic growthA major industry in TexasImpact of the Great Depression Relief programs – CCC, PWA, WPALoss of jobs and farmsPrices for food and other products fellImpact of the Dust Bowl Eventually developed programs to address need for soil conservationMigration of people from TexasImpact of World War II Texans went to war by becoming soldiers, working in factories, and contributing to the war effortsRaised money for bondsRationingImproved economy in TexasEstablishment of military bases in Texas, including Ft. Hood and Avenger Field where Women Airforce Service Pilots were trained4.5BExplain the development and impact of the oil and gas industry upon industrialization and urbanization in Texas, including important places and people such as Spindletop and Pattillo Higgins.ExplainDEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY ON INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN TEXASIncluding, but not limited to:Development and impact of the oil and gas industry upon industrialization and urbanization Oil and gas created new products and helped other industries growFactories began using oil instead of coal to run their machinesDemand for workers in these new industries increased the population of urban areasSpindletop Produced more oil than any other oil field in the United StatesBoomtowns – oil towns that grew due to the need of oil workers, goods, and servicesBeginning of significant exploration and production in TexasPattillo HigginsBelieved that there was oil at Spindletop and his determination helped lead to its discovery4.5CIdentify the accomplishments of notable individuals such as John Tower, Scott Joplin, Audie Murphy, Cleto Rodríguez, Stanley Marcus, Bessie Coleman, Raul A. Gonzalez Jr., and other local notable individuals.IdentifyACCOMPLISHMENTS OF NOTABLE INDIVIDUALSIncluding, but not limited to:John Tower – first Republican U.S. Senator from Texas since ReconstructionScott Joplin – known as the “King of Ragtime,” it would take over fifty years for his ragtime music to become famous. (The song “The Entertainer” was the theme song for Oscar-winning movie The Sting.)Audie Murphy – most decorated soldier during World War IICleto Rodríguez – a Mexican American Texan who grew up in San Antonio and was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor during World War IIStanley Marcus – made his family’s clothing store Neiman-Marcus one of the most luxurious and famous department stores in the world; home office is in DallasBessie Coleman – raised in Texas, Bessie Coleman was the first female pilot of African American descent and the first person of African American descent to hold an international pilot license.Raul A. Gonzales, Jr. – the first Latino Texan to reach statewide office and the first to serve as a Justice of the Texas Supreme CourtOther notable local individuals4.8Geography. The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence where people live. The student is expected to:4.8BDescribe and explain the location and distribution of various towns and cities in Texas, past and present.Describe, ExplainLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS TOWNS AND CITIES IN TEXAS, PAST AND PRESENTIncluding, but not limited to:Prior to 1845 most towns were located along waterways and in colonies established by empresarios, such as San Antonio, San Felipe, Nacogdoches, and Victoria.During the early statehood of Texas cities such as San Antonio and Nacogdoches were already established as agricultural centers. Port cities such as Galveston, Houston, and Brownsville grew as economic centers.After the Civil War, cities such as Fort Worth grew from its original establishment as a military fort where soldiers were stationed before going west to fight American Indians. Galveston and Houston continued to be important port cities. Cities such as Dallas, Amarillo, and El Paso grew with the expansion of the railroads.During the 20th century industrial expansion drew people to the urban areas. Following the devastation 1900 hurricane, Galveston’s population decreased as industries moved inland to Houston.? San Antonio developed around a variety of military installations and manufacturing centers. Houston expanded around the oil, gas, and aerospace industries, along with a center for education and medicine. Dallas/Fort Worth is a center for banking, oil and gas. Austin developed from a primarily governmental job market to a strong high-tech sector.Houston – (coastal region) 4th largest city in the United States; international trade and banking centerSan Antonio (coastal region) trading crossroadsDallas – (coastal plains region) banking and financialFt. Worth (central plains region) cattle industrial terminalAustin – (coastal plains region) and central plains region (on the cusp of the 2 regions) state capital, governmentEl Paso – farthest west (mountain and basin region) international trade route, militaryBrownsville – farthest south (coastal plains region) international trade routeAmarillo (great plains region) regional trade center4.8CExplain the geographic factors such as landforms and climate that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution of population in Texas, past and present.ExplainGEOGRAPHIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN TEXAS, PAST AND PRESENTIncluding, but not limited to:Landforms influence on settlement patterns and population distributionWaterways – water is the most important influence on settlement patterns with past populations settling near rivers and along the Gulf Coast. Large urban centers in Texas are located near waterways and many are large port cities, such as Houston.Plains and prairies – provided good soil to grow crops and ranch for early settlement. Allowed relative ease of development for commercial and housing developments and transportation resulting in the growth of large urban areas in North Texas.Mountains, desert, and hills – barriers to settlement, difficult to travel over.ClimateA mild climate in the Gulf Coast region resulted in a long growing season and a concentration of agricultural activity in the Rio Grande Valley.A mild climate in the Gulf Coast region attracts a population that can work and play year-round, as well as industries that produce products year-round.The panhandle area of the Great Plains region is sparsely populated and experiences very hot summers and cold winters.4.9Geography. The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment. The student is expected to:4.9BIdentify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present, such as the use of natural resources to meet basic needs, facilitate transportation, and enhance recreational activities.IdentifyREASONS PEOPLE HAVE ADAPTED TO AND MODIFIED THEIR ENVIRONMENT IN TEXAS, PAST AND PRESENTIncluding, but not limited to:Using natural resources to meet basic needsLumber, stone, and adobe bricks used as building materialsBuckskin clothing was made from animal skinsBuilding dams for flood control and to generate hydro-electric powerUsing resources to facilitate transportationSettlers used rivers for transportation when possible. Rivers in Texas tend to be shallow and flood easily.Railroads were used to transport people and goods.Using natural resources to enhance recreational activitiesCreating of reservoirs allowed for boating and water recreational activities4.9CCompare the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in Texas, past and present, both governmental and private, such as economic development and the impact on habitats and wildlife as well as air and water parePOSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN MODIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, PAST AND PRESENT, BOTH GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATEIncluding, but not limited to:Positive consequences of human modifications of the environmentDams have controlled flooding and provided hydro-electric energy and recreational reservoirs.Development of oil/gas industry created jobs and faster transportation.Development of alternative energy sources promotes economic growth and provides for the energy needs of a growing state.Building of cattle trails, roads, and railroads facilitated trade between markets.Fences used to close the open range, changed ranching practices.Creating suburban and urban residential areas provides a property tax base to support education.Planting trees and natural vegetation to prevent erosion.Negative consequences of human modifications of the environmentOverhunting of buffalo resulted in the loss of a resource which supported American Indian tribes in Texas and altered lifestyles.Establishment of wind farms has impeded migrating birds.Oil spills threaten ecosystems. Possible seismic activity from hydraulic fracturing techniques used to extract oil.Burning of fossil fuels contributes to pollution.Building of roads and railroads contributed to urbanization which altered wildlife habitats and displaced animals and resulted in pollution of ecosystems.?Creating suburban and urban residential areas increases demand for water.4.11Economics. The student understands the characteristics and benefits of the free enterprise system in Texas. The student is expected to:4.11BDescribe how the free enterprise system works, including supply and demand.DescribeHOW THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM WORKSIncluding, but not limited to:The Free Enterprise System is characterized by economic freedom, voluntary exchange, private property ownership and profit motive. In this economic system individuals are free to own and operate businesses which produce goods and services to sell for the purpose of making a profit. The amount of goods and services supplied is determined by the amount demanded by consumers.4.11CGive examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system such as choice and opportunity.ProvideEXAMPLES OF THE BENEFITS OF THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEMIncluding, but not limited to:Examples of BenefitsProducers have choice about what they wish to produce.Consumers have choice about what they wish to buy.Profits from well-managed business.Sense of control over one’s petition generally results in innovative products and low prices.Consumer demand determines prices and supplies.Opportunity to choose different types of the same product.4.12Economics. The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in Texas. The student is expected to:4.12AExplain how people in different regions of Texas earn their living, past and present, through a subsistence economy and providing goods and services.ExplainHOW PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TEXAS EARN THEIR LIVING, PAST AND PRESENT, THROUGH A SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY AND PROVIDING GOODS AND SERVICESIncluding, but not limited to:Subsistence Economy – an economy that is maintained or supported at a minimum level Coastal Plains Past – agriculture (farming and ranching) and small businessesPresent – commercial agriculture, oil and gas, banking, aerospace industries, technology, education, military, and service industriesNorth Central Plains Past – agriculture (farming and ranching), small businesses, and military fortsPresent – commercial agriculture (farming and ranching), wind farms, and small industriesGreat Plains Past – ranching, and agriculture (wheat and cotton farming)Present – commercial agriculture (cotton farming), oil and gas, ranching, wind farmsMountains and Basins Plains Past – ranching (cattle, goat, and sheep)Present – ranching (cattle, goat, and sheep), oil and gas, national park systems4.12BExplain how geographic factors such as climate, transportation, and natural resources have influenced the location of economic activities in Texas.ExplainHOW GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS HAVE INFLUENCED THE LOCATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN TEXASIncluding, but not limited to:Decisions about the location of agricultural activities, manufacturing facilities, and businesses are affected by the climate, access to transportation, and the proximity of natural resources.Favorable climate conditions influenced the development of major industries in Texas, where it is easier to produce year round and attractive for labor to relocate.Throughout history, towns and large urban areas developed along railroad lines, as well as near river and ports which served as transportation routes.Many industries, such as those related to oil and gas developed where those resources were discovered. Wind farms are located in prairie locations of Texas. ?Lumber industry developed in East Texas where forests are more abundant. Cattle ranching developed where the land was not arable and unsuitable for agricultural use.4.12DDescribe the impact of mass production, specialization, and division of labor on the economic growth of Texas.DescribeIMPACT OF MASS PRODUCTION, SPECIALIZATION, AND DIVISION OF LABOR ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF TEXASIncluding, but not limited to:Mass production – more products for Texans to buy at a lower costSpecialization – the economy in Texas has experienced various specializations that have resulted in a more diversification, such as oil/gas production, high-tech, aerospace, medical researchDivision of labor – an ample supply of different types of jobs and opportunities promotes efficiency. Texans are employed in manufacturing, agriculture, ranching, and service industries.4.13Economics. The student understands how Texas, the United States, and other parts of the world are economically interdependent. The student is expected to:4.13AIdentify ways in which technological changes in areas such as transportation and communication have resulted in increased interdependence among Texas, the United States, and the world.IdentifyWAYS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES RESULTED IN INCREASED INTERDEPENDENCEIncluding, but not limited to:The widespread use of commercial air travel connects Texans to other regions of the United States and the world. Faster communication especially facilitated by computer/Internet usage connects Texans globally. This increased connectivity has opened markets and increased travel between Texas and other regions in the world.4.13BIdentify oil and gas, agricultural, and technological products of Texas that are purchased to meet needs in the United States and around the world.IdentifyPRODUCTS OF TEXAS THAT ARE PURCHASED TO MEET NEEDSIncluding, but not limited to:Oil and gas products Crude oil to develop products that are oil-based (e.g., gasoline, plastics)Agricultural products Ex: corn, wheat, cotton, fruit, cattle, goat, sheepTechnological productsEx: computers, computer software, aerospace, medical products4.13CExplain how Texans meet some of their needs through the purchase of products from the United States and the rest of the world.ExplainHOW TEXANS MEET NEEDS THROUGH PURCHASE OF PRODUCTSIncluding, but not limited to:Texans have access to products from other regions and can purchase products not made in Texas, such as tractors for agricultural use, foods not grown in Texas such as apples and pineapple, and specialty items from other places, such as clothing, and household decorations.4.20Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science and technology on life in Texas. The student is expected to:4.20AIdentify famous inventors and scientists such as Gail Borden, Joseph Glidden, Michael DeBakey, and Millie Hughes-Fulford and their contributions.IdentifyFAMOUS INVENTORS AND SCIENTISTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONSIncluding, but not limited to:Gail Borden – (1801-1874) publisher, surveyor, inventor, and founder of the Borden Company.Was a delegate at the Convention of 1833 where he assisted in writing early drafts of a Texas Constitution. Published the Telegraph and Texas Register newspaper; printing the first edition a few days after the Texas Revolution began. Mexican soldiers raided the newspaper and threw the press into Buffalo Bayou just before the Texas Revolution ended.Later became the first collector of the Port of Galveston under the Republic of Texas and helped lay out the plan for the city of Houston.After his wife died of yellow fever, Borden began experimenting to find a cure for the disease using refrigeration, but was unsuccessful. Later he focused on a condensed beef-broth and flour mixture, the beef biscuit, which did not succeed. While working on the beef biscuit, he devised a process for condensing milk through a vacuum process. This long-lasting condensed milk was a success and the beginning of canned and processed foods.Joseph Glidden (1813–1906)Invented most successful form of barbed wire, which he patented in 1874Michael DeBakey (1908–2008) cardiac surgeon, inventor, scientistInvented the roller pump which allowed for continuous blood flow during operations. Was a pioneer in the cardiac medical field and was one of the first to perform cardiac bypass surgery. ?In 1966, was the first surgeon to fully implant a mechanical heart pump in a patient. Worked with Robert Jarvik on the creation of an artificial heart.DeBakey and Denton Cooley worked closely together until the two parted ways after a disagreement about the implementation of the first artificial heart. ?Both reconciled before DeBakey’s death.Millie Hughes-Fulford (born 1945) scientist and former NASA astronautAmerican medical investigator and molecular biologist who flew aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission in 1991, conducting experiments related to biomedical studies.Continues to research as a professor at the University of California Medical Center at San Francisco.4.20BDescribe how scientific discoveries and innovations such as in aerospace, agriculture, energy, and technology have benefited individuals, businesses, and society in Texas.DescribeHOW SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND INNOVATIONS HAVE BENEFITED INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES, AND SOCIETY IN TEXASIncluding, but limited to:Benefits of scientific discoveries and innovationsIntroduction of new products such as aerospace medicine, secure communications for global defense, and nanotechnology researchImproved agricultural practices that protect the soilDevelopment of cheaper, cleaner and more efficient energy sourcesMore effective communication such as cell phones and webcamsQuicker, faster service and purchasing of goods ?such as online shopping and self-checkout4.20CPredict how future scientific discoveries and technological innovations might affect life in Texas.PredictHOW FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND INNOVATIONS MIGHT AFFECT LIFE IN TEXASIncluding, but not limited to:Possible questions to exploreWhat type of science and technology should be invented that will improve life?How can current technologies be improved to enhance daily life?4.21Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology. The student is expected to:4.21EUse appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.UseAPPROPRIATE MATHEMATICAL SKILLS TO INTERPRET SOCIAL STUDIES INFORMATIONIncluding, but not limited to:Information on: MapsGraphs ................
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