Chapter 5 Airport Operations
Chapter 5 Airport Operations
Airport Operations
Safety
Security
Emergency Response
Pavement Management
Snow Removal
Bird Hazards
Fuel Management
1. Safety and Security
Safety and Security are two of the highest priorities at all airports.
Whether a pilot, an employee ,a passenger, or a visitor to the airport, we all have a responsibility to insure Safety and Security.
A difficult cabin announcement
"Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for choosing to fly with Mandarin Airlines. As we taxi out to the runway please make yourself comfortable..… and for those of you sitting on the right side of the plane..… please ignore our other….. um….. airliner."
1. Airport Safety
5 Airport Environment
6 Foreign Object Debris (FOD)
7 Encroachments
Important FAA references include the Airport Safety (FAA Advisory Circular 150/series)
(i) Airport Environment
Personnel and equipment
a. on ramp area
b. near runways and taxiways
Aircraft
a. invisible propellers
b. jet blast
(ii) Foreign Object Debris (FOD)
Ramp area
equipment and personal items
Runways and Taxiways
bolts, safety wire, screwdriver, gravel
(iii) Encroachments
Aircraft impeding takeoffs or landing of other aircraft
Unauthorized vehicles on ramp, taxiway, or runway
2. Airport Security (FAR Part 107, 108)
A. Levels of Security vs. Size and Purpose of Airport
(i) Large Commercial Airport - Portland (PDX)
(ii) Medium General Aviation/Limited FAR 139 - Corvallis (CVO)
iii) Small General Aviation Airport - Lebanon or Albany, OR
Large Commercial Airport - Portland (PDX)
Parameter fence, security cameras, electronic card or guarded gates
Airport Rescue/Fire Facility (ARFF) - on field
Security - airport police
“Sterile area” - employees have picture ID, all people in waiting area are screened by x-ray
Medium General Aviation Limited FAR 139 - Corvallis (CVO)
8 foot parameter fencing
Professional fire department - 5 minute response
ARFF not required for Limited FAR 139
fire dept standby for aircraft with 30+ seats
Security - local police/sheriff patrol
“Sterile area” - passengers screened, held separate and escorted to aircraft
Small General Aviation Airport - Lebanon or Albany, OR
3 strand barb-wire fence
volunteer fire department - 10-15 minute response
surveillance by fixed base operator (fbo) and local pilots
3. Emergency Response
“75% of all aircraft accidents occur within 0.5 miles of an airport”
Emergency Response requirements depend on size and type of airport set out in FAR Part 139, and include both Personnel and Training of Emergency Response. Specialized training is required for the following:
special hazard of airport and area
airport water system
radio procedures
aircraft types
equipment use
medical care
4. Pavement Management
1 Pavement Qualities
2 Pavement Types
3 Surface Friction
4 Pavement Maintenance
A. Pavement Qualities
1 Withstand applied loads
2 Distribute loads to underlying layers
3 Resist deterioration due to weather
4 Provide smooth skid resistance surface
B. Pavement Types
Rigid-Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
Flexible- Asphalt Concrete
Unimproved Surfaces – common in remote and rural locations
a. Turf - grass
b. Gravel
Water – seaplane/maritime operations
i) Packed Snow – winter operations
Pavement Comparison between Rigid and Flexible Pavements
|Concrete |Asphalt |
|More expensive to install |Less expensive to install than concrete |
|Less expensive to maintain |Higher maintenance costs |
|Used for Class B, C, and most D Airports |Sensitive to moisture, oxidation and fuel spills |
|May have asphalt overlay |Limited application for heavy aircraft use |
Pavement Performance Factors
Load Variables
i) Aircraft gross weight
ii) Wheel Load
iii) Number and Spacing of Wheels
iv) Tire Pressures
v) Type of Load
vi) Loading Cycle
Construction Variables
i) Time- On going runway operations
ii) Cost
iii) Construction season
iv) Availability of construction materials and equipment
Environmental Variables
i) Amount and distribution of precipitation
ii) Ambient Temperatures
iii) Fuel Spillage
Structural Design
Type of Pavement and base layers- existing soil conditions
Maintenance
C. Surface Friction
Important to maintain runway surface by removing surface contaminants such as vulcanized rubber
Need to prevent dynamic hydroplaning by landing aircraft. Runway Grooving is a method to improve drainage and reduce hydroplaning.
D. Pavement Maintenance
“Runway is the beginning and end of every successful flight”. In the United States many existing runway surfaces are over 30 years old, and in need of rehabilitation. Pavement Management is one of the most important aspect of airport management.
Pavement Management includes the regular inspection of runway surface for:
i) ponding of water
ii) surface cracking
iii) spalling in joints PCC- spalling is the fractured edgs in and around the joint area of concrete due to the tremendous pressures generated during the expansion and contraction of concrete slabs. This expansion and contraction is due to temperature variation.
iv) bumpy surfaces
v) fuel spillage
Pavement Edge Maintenance is importance:
i) to prevent the build up of turf which reduces drainage,
ii) to manage erosion
iii) maintain a maximum height of 2 inches to prevent damage aircraft landing gear on runway excursions
Runoff and Surface Water Treatment
i) Collection and disposal of runoff
ii) Drainage of surface and subsurface water
iii) Treatment of contaminated water from fuel, hydraulic liquids and oil and deicing materials
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FUNDS APPROVED AT 24 AIRPORTS
WILL IMPROVE PAVEMENT
The Oregon Transportation Commission recently approved more than $500,000 of airport maintenance projects for 24 airports around the state.
Most of the funds for the projects will come from state aviation gas and jet fuel tax increases approved by the 1999 Legislature. Airport owners will supply local matching funds.
The Aeronautics Division of the Oregon Department of Transportation developed the new airport pavement maintenance program with the help of a working group from the aviation community. The list was reviewed in November by the Oregon Aviation Advisory Committee before approval by the OTC.
The projects were chosen with the help of a pavement condition software program used by Aeronautics since the mid '90s to monitor airport pavements around the state. This year's projects may include crack sealing and/or fog sealing of runways, taxiways, and aircraft parking areas, based on the most urgent needs at each of the airports.
- more -
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Airports and estimated project costs for the first year's program are:
• Albany Municipal $20,000
• Ashland Municipal $30,300
• Astoria Regional $54,000
• Aurora State $26,400
• Bandon State $12,900
• Bend Municipal $11,600
• Christmas Valley $33,800
• Curry Coast/Brookings $ 1,300
• Condon State $54,100
• Creswell Municipal $29,800
• Florence Municipal $18,700
• Gold Beach Municipal $15,300
• Grants Pass Municipal $12,200
• Hermiston Municipal $33,500
• Hood River $18,100
• Lexington-Morrow County $ 9,500
• Madras City-County $25,400
• McMinnville Municipal $25,300
• Myrtle Creek Municipal $11,800
• Newport Municipal $12,700
• Ontario Municipal $ 8,200
• Prineville Municipal $ 4,600
• Scappoose Industrial $17,900
• Wasco State $19,500
Aeronautics will administer the statewide program. W & H Pacific of Beaverton will be responsible for engineering and design of this year's work. The firm will begin a detailed review and analysis of airport pavements early next year; all work should be completed by the end of next year's construction season.
## ODOT ##
5. Snow Removal
Airport Winter Safety and Operations: FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-30A
Develop a snow removal plan that includes:
Training
Timing and Air Traffic Control during snow removal
Equipment
Ice Accumulation is the greatest hazard, sand
6. Bird Hazards
Establish Bird Management Program:
remove standing water, ponds, and trees or other roosting sites
remove food sources
use noise makers etc to annoy birds
Birds/Animals( environmental issue as well)
Hawks, Geese, Sea Gulls
Cows, Deer, Dogs, Coyotes( manage food source)
7.Fuel Management
Area clearly defined
Located away from Aircraft parking area
Grounding provided for all refueling operations
Tanks checked for water contamination
Fuel hose and nozzles protected from contaminants and weather
Security provided
NO SMOKING signs posted
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AERONAUTICS DIVISION
Oregon Department
of Transportation
3040 25th St. SE
Salem, Oregon 97302
__________________
REPORTERS/EDITORS
Visit our newly created
News Media Center
at our Web site:
odot.state.or.us
____________________
For more information, call:
Teddie Baker
(503) 378-8689 x234
or
Ann Crook
(503)378-8689 x226
99-243 S
December 21, 1999
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