Chapter 5 Airport Operations



Chapter 5 Airport Operations

Airport Operations

Safety

Security

Emergency Response

Pavement Management

Snow Removal

Bird Hazards

Fuel Management

1. Safety and Security

Safety and Security are two of the highest priorities at all airports.

Whether a pilot, an employee ,a passenger, or a visitor to the airport, we all have a responsibility to insure Safety and Security.

A difficult cabin announcement

"Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for choosing to fly with Mandarin Airlines. As we taxi out to the runway please make yourself comfortable..… and for those of you sitting on the right side of the plane..… please ignore our other….. um….. airliner."

1. Airport Safety

5 Airport Environment

6 Foreign Object Debris (FOD)

7 Encroachments

Important FAA references include the Airport Safety (FAA Advisory Circular 150/series)

(i) Airport Environment

Personnel and equipment

a. on ramp area

b. near runways and taxiways

Aircraft

a. invisible propellers

b. jet blast

(ii) Foreign Object Debris (FOD)

Ramp area

equipment and personal items

Runways and Taxiways

bolts, safety wire, screwdriver, gravel

(iii) Encroachments

Aircraft impeding takeoffs or landing of other aircraft

Unauthorized vehicles on ramp, taxiway, or runway

2. Airport Security (FAR Part 107, 108)

A. Levels of Security vs. Size and Purpose of Airport

(i) Large Commercial Airport - Portland (PDX)

(ii) Medium General Aviation/Limited FAR 139 - Corvallis (CVO)

iii) Small General Aviation Airport - Lebanon or Albany, OR

Large Commercial Airport - Portland (PDX)

Parameter fence, security cameras, electronic card or guarded gates

Airport Rescue/Fire Facility (ARFF) - on field

Security - airport police

“Sterile area” - employees have picture ID, all people in waiting area are screened by x-ray

Medium General Aviation Limited FAR 139 - Corvallis (CVO)

8 foot parameter fencing

Professional fire department - 5 minute response

ARFF not required for Limited FAR 139

fire dept standby for aircraft with 30+ seats

Security - local police/sheriff patrol

“Sterile area” - passengers screened, held separate and escorted to aircraft

Small General Aviation Airport - Lebanon or Albany, OR

3 strand barb-wire fence

volunteer fire department - 10-15 minute response

surveillance by fixed base operator (fbo) and local pilots

3. Emergency Response

“75% of all aircraft accidents occur within 0.5 miles of an airport”

Emergency Response requirements depend on size and type of airport set out in FAR Part 139, and include both Personnel and Training of Emergency Response. Specialized training is required for the following:

special hazard of airport and area

airport water system

radio procedures

aircraft types

equipment use

medical care

4. Pavement Management

1 Pavement Qualities

2 Pavement Types

3 Surface Friction

4 Pavement Maintenance

A. Pavement Qualities

1 Withstand applied loads

2 Distribute loads to underlying layers

3 Resist deterioration due to weather

4 Provide smooth skid resistance surface

B. Pavement Types

Rigid-Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)

Flexible- Asphalt Concrete

Unimproved Surfaces – common in remote and rural locations

a. Turf - grass

b. Gravel

Water – seaplane/maritime operations

i) Packed Snow – winter operations

Pavement Comparison between Rigid and Flexible Pavements

|Concrete |Asphalt |

|More expensive to install |Less expensive to install than concrete |

|Less expensive to maintain |Higher maintenance costs |

|Used for Class B, C, and most D Airports |Sensitive to moisture, oxidation and fuel spills |

|May have asphalt overlay |Limited application for heavy aircraft use |

Pavement Performance Factors

Load Variables

i) Aircraft gross weight

ii) Wheel Load

iii) Number and Spacing of Wheels

iv) Tire Pressures

v) Type of Load

vi) Loading Cycle

Construction Variables

i) Time- On going runway operations

ii) Cost

iii) Construction season

iv) Availability of construction materials and equipment

Environmental Variables

i) Amount and distribution of precipitation

ii) Ambient Temperatures

iii) Fuel Spillage

Structural Design

Type of Pavement and base layers- existing soil conditions

Maintenance

C. Surface Friction

Important to maintain runway surface by removing surface contaminants such as vulcanized rubber

Need to prevent dynamic hydroplaning by landing aircraft. Runway Grooving is a method to improve drainage and reduce hydroplaning.

D. Pavement Maintenance

“Runway is the beginning and end of every successful flight”. In the United States many existing runway surfaces are over 30 years old, and in need of rehabilitation. Pavement Management is one of the most important aspect of airport management.

Pavement Management includes the regular inspection of runway surface for:

i) ponding of water

ii) surface cracking

iii) spalling in joints PCC- spalling is the fractured edgs in and around the joint area of concrete due to the tremendous pressures generated during the expansion and contraction of concrete slabs. This expansion and contraction is due to temperature variation.

iv) bumpy surfaces

v) fuel spillage

Pavement Edge Maintenance is importance:

i) to prevent the build up of turf which reduces drainage,

ii) to manage erosion

iii) maintain a maximum height of 2 inches to prevent damage aircraft landing gear on runway excursions

Runoff and Surface Water Treatment

i) Collection and disposal of runoff

ii) Drainage of surface and subsurface water

iii) Treatment of contaminated water from fuel, hydraulic liquids and oil and deicing materials

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FUNDS APPROVED AT 24 AIRPORTS

WILL IMPROVE PAVEMENT

The Oregon Transportation Commission recently approved more than $500,000 of airport maintenance projects for 24 airports around the state.

Most of the funds for the projects will come from state aviation gas and jet fuel tax increases approved by the 1999 Legislature. Airport owners will supply local matching funds.

The Aeronautics Division of the Oregon Department of Transportation developed the new airport pavement maintenance program with the help of a working group from the aviation community. The list was reviewed in November by the Oregon Aviation Advisory Committee before approval by the OTC.

The projects were chosen with the help of a pavement condition software program used by Aeronautics since the mid '90s to monitor airport pavements around the state. This year's projects may include crack sealing and/or fog sealing of runways, taxiways, and aircraft parking areas, based on the most urgent needs at each of the airports.

- more -

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Airports and estimated project costs for the first year's program are:

• Albany Municipal $20,000

• Ashland Municipal $30,300

• Astoria Regional $54,000

• Aurora State $26,400

• Bandon State $12,900

• Bend Municipal $11,600

• Christmas Valley $33,800

• Curry Coast/Brookings $ 1,300

• Condon State $54,100

• Creswell Municipal $29,800

• Florence Municipal $18,700

• Gold Beach Municipal $15,300

• Grants Pass Municipal $12,200

• Hermiston Municipal $33,500

• Hood River $18,100

• Lexington-Morrow County $ 9,500

• Madras City-County $25,400

• McMinnville Municipal $25,300

• Myrtle Creek Municipal $11,800

• Newport Municipal $12,700

• Ontario Municipal $ 8,200

• Prineville Municipal $ 4,600

• Scappoose Industrial $17,900

• Wasco State $19,500

Aeronautics will administer the statewide program. W & H Pacific of Beaverton will be responsible for engineering and design of this year's work. The firm will begin a detailed review and analysis of airport pavements early next year; all work should be completed by the end of next year's construction season.

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5. Snow Removal

Airport Winter Safety and Operations: FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-30A

Develop a snow removal plan that includes:

Training

Timing and Air Traffic Control during snow removal

Equipment

Ice Accumulation is the greatest hazard, sand

6. Bird Hazards

Establish Bird Management Program:

remove standing water, ponds, and trees or other roosting sites

remove food sources

use noise makers etc to annoy birds

Birds/Animals( environmental issue as well)

Hawks, Geese, Sea Gulls

Cows, Deer, Dogs, Coyotes( manage food source)

7.Fuel Management

Area clearly defined

Located away from Aircraft parking area

Grounding provided for all refueling operations

Tanks checked for water contamination

Fuel hose and nozzles protected from contaminants and weather

Security provided

NO SMOKING signs posted

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AERONAUTICS DIVISION

Oregon Department

of Transportation

3040 25th St. SE

Salem, Oregon 97302

__________________

REPORTERS/EDITORS

Visit our newly created

News Media Center

at our Web site:

odot.state.or.us

____________________

For more information, call:

Teddie Baker

(503) 378-8689 x234

or

Ann Crook

(503)378-8689 x226

99-243 S

December 21, 1999

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