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UNIT 6 Learning Practice TESTANSWERS AT END OF TEST1.The last time you came home after your curfew, your parents grounded you for the next two weekends. Ever since then you have been careful to come home on time. The change in your behavior is best explained byA)classical conditioning.B)observational learning.C)habituation.D)operant conditioning.E)latent learning.2.Who would most likely agree with the following statement concerning the field of psychology? “Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods.”A)Albert BanduraB)John GarciaC)John B. WatsonD)Carl RogersE)Sigmund Freud3.A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)A)conditioned stimulus.B)unconditioned stimulus.C)unconditioned response.D)conditioned response.E)neutral stimulus.4.Which of the following is an unconditioned response?A)playing jump ropeB)running through a maze to get a food rewardC)sweating in hot weatherD)clapping after a thrilling concert performanceE)getting money as a reward5.In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with electric shock. In this fictional example, the presentation of the roses is theA)conditioned stimulus.B)unconditioned stimulus.C)unconditioned response.D)conditioned response.E)fear response.6.For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presentedA)shortly after the CR.B)shortly after the US.C)shortly before the US.D)at the same time as the US.E)shortly before the CR.7.Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This BEST illustratesA)spontaneous recovery.B)continuous reinforcement.C)latent learning.D)generalization.E)habituation.8.How does Robert Rescorla's model for classical conditioning differ from Ivan Pavlov's?A)Rescorla emphasizes that an animal's capacity for conditioning is constrained by biology.B)Rescorla believes that learning by observation is more long lasting than learning through pairing stimuli.C)Rescorla demonstrated that intermittent schedules of reinforcement lead to behaviors that are more resistant to extinction.D)Rescorla argued against the use of animals in research because of ethical concerns.E)Rescorla showed that cognition is important in an animal learning that one stimulus reliably predicts another stimulus.9.Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained byA)cognitive processes.B)biological predispositions.C)environmental factors.D)continuous reinforcement.E)latent learning.10.In shaping a dog to “shake,” the command “shake” would be the ________. When the dog slightly moves its paw, this would be a(n) ________.A)discriminative stimulus; operant behaviorB)unconditioned stimulus; respondent behaviorC)conditioned stimulus; positive reinforcerD)modeling; prosocial behaviorE)continuous reinforcement; conditioned reinforcer11.Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.A)fixed-ratioB)fixed-intervalC)variable-intervalD)variable-ratioE)intermittent-interval12.Glancing at the television in the next room in hopes of seeing the beginning of the evening news is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.A)intermittent-variableB)fixed-ratioC)variable-intervalD)variable-ratioE)fixed-interval13.A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.A)fixed-ratioB)fixed-intervalC)variable-ratioD)variable-intervalE)continuous-immediate14.The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.A)positive reinforcer; negative reinforcerB)acquisition; extinctionC)reinforcement; punishmentD)generalization; discriminationE)primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer15.Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as aA)negative reinforcement.B)positive reinforcement.C)negative punishment.D)positive punishment.E)punishing reinforcer.16.Which of the following become active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves?A)cognitive mapsB)fixed-ratio schedulesC)mirror neuronsD)operant chambersE)biofeedback systems17.Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that the power of observational learning depends on what?A)whether the participant is directly rewarded or punished for behavingB)whether violence is performedC)whether the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulusD)whether we see the people as similar to usE)the power of extinction to overcome conditioning18.Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another willA)ignore both what the model says and does.B)ignore what the model does but talk in ways consistent with what the model says.C)ignore what the model says but act in ways consistent with what the model does.D)talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does.E)talk in ways that contradict the model in order to match the observed behavior.19.The violence-viewing effect is especially pronounced when the observed violenceA)causes visible harm.B)goes unpunished.C)seems unjustified.D)is committed by an unattractive person.E)is committed by children.20.After prolonged exposure to television violence, viewers became more indifferent to violence when later viewing a brawl, whether on TV or in real life. This finding best illustratesA)latent learning.B)spontaneous recovery.C)extinction.D)instinctive drift.E)desensitization. Answer Key1.D2.C3.D4.C5.A6.C7.D8.E9.B10.A11.A12.E13.B14.C15.C16.C17.D18.D19.B20.E ................
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