ALCOHOL - Okanogan Middle School
ALCOHOL
I. What is Alcohol?
a. The intoxicating chemical in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled liquors.
i. _______________________: the psychoactive drug in all alcoholic beverages.
ii. Colorless, odorless liquid
iii. Made from the fermentation of grain, fruit juice, or honey
b. Alcohol is a central nervous system _______________________.
II. The Path of Alcohol
a. ______________________
i. Alcohol enters the body
b. ______________________
i. Approximately _________ of the alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach lining.
ii. The remaining alcohol enters the small intestine through the pyloric valve.
c. _______________________
i. The remainder of the alcohol is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and enters into the __________________________.
d. _______________________
i. ________________________________________________________________
e. _______________________
i. Alcohol in the bloodstream that is waiting to be broken down by the liver enters the brain.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
f. _______________________
i. Alcohol is metabolized (broken down) into carbon dioxide and water by the liver.
ii. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
g. ________________________
i. Alcohol is excreted from the body as urine after being processed by the kidneys.
III. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
a. Blood Alcohol Concentration: __________________________________________.
i. Also known as blood alcohol level (BAL)
b. _______________________ = ________________________ = _______________________
c. Alcohol is metabolized by the liver at a rate of _______________________________.
i. If alcohol continues to be consumed at a greater rate than 0.5 oz. per hour, the balance of the alcohol continues to circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream until it can be metabolized.
d. As a GENERAL RULE OF THUMB, this means your body can metabolize APPROXIMATELY ONE DRINK PER HOUR.
e. Factors that influence Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
i. ____________________________________________________
1. Women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase than men which results in about 1/3 more alcohol entering into the small intestine/blood stream.
ii. ____________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________________
IV. The effects of alcohol
a. In low doses, alcohol produces
i. ____________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________
vi. ____________________________________________
vii. ____________________________________________
b. In medium doses, alcohol produces:
i. ____________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________
c. In high doses, alcohol produces:
i. ____________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________
V. Alcohol Poisoning
a. Symptoms
i. ____________________________________________________
1. First sign of alcohol poisoning
a. Typically associated with a rapid intake of high quantities of alcohol.
i. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. BAC can continue to rise even if the person is vomiting, has vomited, or has stopped consuming alcohol.
ii. Loss of reflexes; response to stimuli such as pinching
iii. ___________________________________________________
iv. Pulse is weak and rapid
v. Breathing is unusual or irregular (fewer than 8 breaths per minute)
vi. Skin is cool (possibly damp), pale or bluish
vii. ____________________________________________________
b. It is critical to seek emergency help if a person was drinking heavily and you notice any of the symptoms listed above
i. Alcohol depresses the central nervous system ( CNS controls brain function ( areas in the brain that control breathing/consciousness can no longer function ( death or severe brain damage due to lack of oxygen.
VI. The Effects of Alcohol Use/Abuse
a. Causes poor judgment
i. Drunk Driving – Traffic Fatalities
1. “In 2006, an estimated 13,470 people were killed in traffic crashes that involved at least one driver or a motorcycle operator with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 g/dL or above – a decline of 0.8 percent from the 13,582 fatalities in 2005.”
ii. Is a factor in over half of all ________________________________________________
iii. Is a contributing factor to the top 3 causes of death among teens
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
b. Depresses the immune system
c. __________________________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________________________
e. Cancer
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