Table of Content - World Bank
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Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
Fourth Edition
Volume One
April 2009
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Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
Fourth Edition
Volume One
April 2009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 - Introduction
Sponsored by the Government of Pakistan and funded by the World Bank and other international donors, PPAF is the lead Apex institution of the Country, wholesaling funds to civil society organizations, Partner Organizations or ‘POs”. The PPAF mission is brought forward through the implementation of several project components, including: Micro Finance (MF); Water and Infrastructure and; Health and Education.
The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to set out the environmental assessment procedures required by PPAF and its POs to assess the environmental and social consequences of PPAF interventions, with a view to preventing execution of interventions with significant negative environmental and social impacts. It also attempts at minimizing potential negative impacts by incorporating mitigations at the design stage and implementing mitigations at the implementation stage of the interventions.
2 – Environmental / Social Screening and Assessments
2.1 Environmental / Social Screening
Environmental Screening to select the type of environmental assessment for each PPAF intervention has been conducted by applying following criteria:
i) Instructions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA) and Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997 (PEAP) for the level of assessment required for the intervention i.e. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA);
ii) Individual and cumulative environmental impacts of interventions in different geographical areas;
iii) PPAF negative lists for interventions;
iv) World Bank Environmental / Social Assessment requirements.
2.2 Environmental / Social Assessments
On the basis of the environmental and social screening, the ESMF proposes four types of environmental assessments for PPAF interventions, discussed below:
• An Environmental Review (ER) for this ESMF is defined as a confirmation statement that the intervention qualifies the minimum environmental criteria; proposed mitigations measures and costs are made part of the proposal and implemented accordingly; and finally the proponent verifies the same at the completion stage.
• A Social Review (SR) is defined as preliminary examination of an intervention from social perspective and identifying any issues related to it.
• An Integrated Environmental Review (IER) for this ESMF is defined as an assessment which is required for those interventions whose anticipated potential individualistic and cumulative environmental impacts are more than the PPAF interventions in general and less than the scope of initial environmental examination required under Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Under this assessment the proponent of the project has to produce a confirmation statement that the proposed intervention qualifies the minimum environmental criteria; proposed mitigations measures and costs are made part of the proposal and implemented accordingly; and finally the proponent verifies the same at the completion stage.
• According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, “Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)” is a preliminary review of the reasonably foreseeable qualitative & quantitative impacts of a proposed project on environment to determine whether it is likely to cause an adverse effect for requiring preparation of an environmental impact assessment.”
IEE for selected PPAF interventions will be carried out according to the standard format contained in Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997.
• Environmental Impact Assessment, as stated in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is an environmental study comprising collection of data, prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts, comparison of alternatives, evaluation of preventive, mitigation and compensatory measures, formulation of environmental management and training plans and monitoring arrangements, and framing of recommendations and such other components as may be prescribed.”
• Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a study to assess social impacts of a certain intervention and measures to ensure that all segments of society benefit with minimum negative impact. SIA will be conducted in addition to EIA for all projects that require EIA. But, where the project impact is low, the SIA is not expected to be a complicated one.
Categorization of different PPAF interventions by environmental / social screening protocols is presented in Table-2.1.
3 - Dissemination and Enforcement Strategies
The ESMF will be disseminated and its compliance made mandatory, through a multi-pronged strategic framework, as follows:
3.1 Dissemination Strategies
• Capacity building of PPAF and POs in environment and social monitoring and evaluation.
• Organize environmental dissemination and training events on the basis of proposed action plan.
• Networking with the national and provincial environmental and social institutions.
3.2 Enforcement Strategies
Following the capability enhancement of PPAF and its POs, environmental and social reporting and monitoring will be carried out in the framework of the following enforcement strategies:
Table 2.1 - Environmental/Social Screening by Type of PPAF Interventions
|Sr. |Sector of Intervention |Specific Intervention | |Environmental Screening Protocol |
|No | | | | |
| | | |
| | |Tube wells – drinking water* |
| | |Wind mills (i.e. coastal areas of Balochistan and Sindh) |
| | |A. Internal |
| | |Culverts |
| | |Bridges |
| | |Sanitation schemes (latrines, T-Chambers, drains, and oxidation pond) |
| | |Solid waste management (for ≤100 Households) |
| | |Area up-grading |
| | |School |
| | |
|1 – Environmental Mitigation Costs* |- |
|2 - Environmental & Social Management Group |30 |
|3 - Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan Budget |15 |
|4 - External Monitoring |25 |
|Total |70 |
* The cost of environmental mitigation, (item 1), works out to 4% of the cost of infrastructure projects and major micro finance based interventions, (such as those under the Enterprise Development Facility)
Table of Content
Executive Summary ES-i to ES-v
Acronyms TOC iv
1 Introduction 1 to 5
1. Background of Environmental & Social Management Framework 3
2. Guiding Principles of ESMF 3
3. Organization of Environmental & Social Management Framework 3
2 Procedure for Environmental & Social Screening 6 to 8
2.1 Basis of Environmental & Social Screening 6
2.2 Environmental & Social Screening 6
2.3 Environmental & Social Review 6
2.4 Integrated Environmental Review 7
2.5 Initial Environmental Examination 7
2.6 Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 7
2.7 Completion Certificate 7
2.8 Implementation of ESMF in its Real Sense and Spirit 7
3 Environmental/Social Review 10 to 86
1. Development of Environmental Review Document 10
2. Intervention Specific E/SR Form 11
List of PPAF Interventions Qualify for E/SR 12
Small Scale Infrastructure (SSI)
Water Resources Development 13
E/SR for Tube well - Irrigation in irrigated and dry areas 14
E/SR for Hand pumps 16
E/SR for Open wells 18
E/SR for Rainwater harvesting pond 20
E/SR for Check dams 22
E/SR for Water tanks 24
E/SR for Water channel – mountain areas 26
E/SR for Watercourse 28
E/SR for Karezes 30
E/SR for Land levelling 32
Technological Innovations 34
E/SR for Desalination plant 35
E/SR for Biogas plant 37
E/SR for Solar energy 39
E/SR for Cooking stoves 41
Access/Circulation – Internal 43
E/SR for Culverts 44
ER for Street surfacing/lining 46
Access/Circulation – External 48
E/SR for Causeways 49
E/SR for Retaining Walls 51
E/SR for link Road – Plain Area 53
Other Projects 55
E/SR for Solid waste management 56
E/SR for Natural resource management 58
E/SR for Security lights 60
E/SR for Jetty 62
Social Sector Development (SSD) 64
E/SR for Schools 65
E/SR for Basic health unit/dispensary 68
Microfinance Interventions 70
E/SR for Agriculture/cropping 71 E/SR for Livestock/poultry/fish farming 73
E/SR for Commerce/retailing/petty trade 75
E/SR for Handicrafts/cottage industry 77
E/SR for Food/agriculture processing 79
E/SR for Commodity/agriculture trading 81
E/SR for Manufacturing/light engineering/workshop 83
E/SR for Micro enterprise 85
4 Integrated Environmental Review 87 - 118
4.1 Development of Integrated Environmental Review Document 88
4.2 Intervention Specific IER Form 88
Water Resources Development 89
IER/SIA for Tube wells – drinking water 90
IER/SIA for Tube wells – irrigation in dry areas 92
IER/SIA for Delay action dam 94
Technological Innovations 98
IER/SIA for Windmills 99
IER/SIA for Micro-hydel – less than 5 MW 102
IER/SIA for Bridge 104
IER/SIA for Link road – mountains area 106
Wastewater Management 109
IER/SIA for Sanitation schemes 110
Integrated Projects 113
IER/SIA for Area Up-grading 114
5. Initial Environmental Examination 121-124
5.1 IEE Format 121
6 Environmental/Social Impact Assessment 124-129
6.1 Legal Justification of EIA. 124
6.2 Essential Steps of EIA/SIA 125
6.3 Guidelines for Conducting an EIA 125
6.4 Guidelines for Conducting SIA 128
7 Completion Certificate 130-131
8 Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan 132-135
8.1 Dissemination strategies 132
8.2 Enforcement strategies 133
8.3 Dissemination & enforcement action plan 134
8.3.1 Definitions & scope of dissemination events and materials 135
8.3.2 Dissemination action plan 136
8.3.3 Enforcement action plan 137
8.3.4 Environmental/Social monitoring 137
8.4 Work plan 138
9 Institutional Arrangements 141-145
9.1 Establishment of Environmental/Social Management Group 141
9.1.1 Term of reference for Environmental/Social Management Group 143
9.2 ESMG 143
9.3 Environmental/Social Managers/Assistant Managers in POs 144
10 Estimated Environmental Assessment and Physical Unit 146-154
Costs
10.1 Scope of Environmental/Social costs 146
10.2 Basis of Environmental/Social costs 146
10.3 Environmental /Social Costs by Environmental/ Social Mitigation 147
ESMF Financing Procedures Budgetary Allocations 149
10.4 Financial Procedure 149
10.5 Budget 150
10.5.1 Environmental testing & monitoring assessment and environmental
infrastructure budget 150
10.5.2 Environmental/Social management Group 150
10.5.3 Implementation of dissemination & enforcement strategy
and action plan 151
10.5.4 External/Social monitoring 152
10.5.5 Consolidated budget 153
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Environmental Screening by Type of PPAF Interventions 9
Table 8.1: Work Plan 140
Table 9.1: Qualifications and experience of ESMG Team 144
Table 10.1: ESMG budget 151
Table 10.2: Dissemination & enforcement strategy and action plan budget 152
Table 10.3: External monitoring budget 152
Table 10.4: Consolidated budget 153
List of Annexure
Annexure – 1 : Glossary
Annexure-1A: Forms for Voluntary Land Donation and water Right
Annexure – 2: Feed back form
Annexure – 3: General and PPAF Thematic Area Specific Environmental
Messages
Annexure – 4: PO Six Monthly Environmental Report Format
Annexure – 5: PPAF Annual Environmental Report Format
Acronyms
|CED |Credit and Enterprise Development |
|CPI |Community Physical Infrastructure |
|DM |Dissemination Material |
|EDF |Enterprise Development Facility |
|EIA |Environmental Impact Assessment |
|EIS |Environmental Impact Statement |
|ESMF |Environmental and Social Management Framework |
|EPA |Environmental Protection Agency |
|ER |Environmental Review |
|GoP |Government of Pakistan |
|IAUP |Integrated Area Upgrading Program |
|IEE |Initial Environmental Examination |
|IER |Integrated Environmental Review |
|MF |Micro Finance |
|NCS |National Conservation Strategy |
|NEQS |National Environmental Quality Standards |
|NGO |Non Government Organization |
|NRM |Natural Resource Management |
|NWFP |North-West Frontier Province |
|PEPA |Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency |
|PO |Partner Organization |
|PPAF |Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund |
|PWMC |PPAF Water Management Centre |
|RMUG |Reference Material And Users Guidelines |
|SSD |Social Sector Development |
|SSI |Small Scale Infrastructure |
|TIP |Technological Innovation Program |
1: Introduction
The Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) represents an innovative model of public private partnership. Incorporated as a not for profit corporate entity, it follows the regulatory requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.
Sponsored by the Government of Pakistan and funded by the World Bank and other leading donors PPAF is the lead Apex institution of the country, wholesaling funds to civil society organizations. PPAF forms partnerships on the basis of rigorous criteria. Before finalizing partnerships, it ensures that the partners have well targeted community outreach programs that are committed to enhancing the economic welfare and income of the disadvantaged people. Benefits accrue directly to the vulnerable through income generation, improved physical and social infrastructure, and training and skill development support.
The PPAF mission is brought forward through the implementation of several project components, three of which have environmental connotations and are therefore covered in EMF. They include:
• Micro Finance (MF)
The CED Unit manages the micro-credit and enterprise development component of the PPAF in accordance with an approved eligibility criteria. The unit focuses on the identification of credible and capable partner organizations which are selected through a transparent and rigorous process. The objective is to select partner organizations which with the support and assistance of the PPAF can become efficient intermediaries for cost effective and sustainable delivery of financial services to the beneficiaries.
• Water and Infrastructure / Small Scale Infrastructure – (SSI)
PPAF provides support in the form of grants to partner organizations for approved physical infrastructure interventions. Identification of the projects is demand driven, and is determined by the communities through an internal participatory process. For purposes of ownership it is mandatory for the communities to share in the costs of the project, and also to maintain the infrastructure provided
• Health and Education
The main task of this program is to build the capacities of partner organizations to provide quality health and educational services at community level. By providing quality healthcare and access to primary education, PPAF supported facilities aim at providing the necessary framework for better and more prosperous livelihoods.
Although the inter and intra district variation of its coverage remains substantial, PPAF is working in all the federating units of the Country, including the four provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Northern Areas, AJK, and FATA.
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) is an environmentally sensitive organization and is committed to sustainable development from a social and environmental perspective. PPAF always ensures that all PPAF supported interventions remain socially acceptable and environmental friendly. In line with these objectives compliance with the PPAF Environment and social Management Framework (ESMF) is essential for all the partner organizations (POs) while implementing Small Scale Infrastructure (SSI) projects, and extending Micro Finance (MF). Existing Environmental Management Framework (ESMF) covers the national environmental laws and following World Bank safeguard policies for social and environmental safeguards.
a) The operational policies covering Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
b) Natural Habitats (OP 4.04)
c) Pest Management (OP 4.09)
d) Indigenous People (OP 4.10)
e) Physical and Cultural Resources (OP 4.11)
f) Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)
g) Gender & Development (OP 4.20)
h) Forests (OP 4.36)
i) Safety of Dams (OP 4.37)
The ESMF provisions for compliance to these laws and safeguard policies allow their incorporation in the (sub) project design, construction regimes and O&M. The compliance matrix is presented as Table – 3.1, Volume-Two.
Involuntary Resettlement ( OP 4.12) is not triggered as there is no land acquisition or resettlement/relocation. All land required by the project will be donated on a voluntary basis. In all cases involving donated land, the form provided in annexure 1A will be completed. The project will not support any intervention in the Kalash valleys, hence OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples is not triggered. However, during implementation should any IP group get identified and impacted, an IPDP will be prepared, cleared by the Bank and implemented..
Considering the ever changing list of SSI and MF interventions, along with addition of new geographical areas, and up-scaling in size and numbers of interventions, PPAF consistently reviews and upgrades the ESMF with the view to maintain its completeness, status, efficacy and user friendliness.
During implementation of PPAF-II meaningful application and compliance of ESMF remained limited due to many reasons including;
➢ Low level of allocation for human resource within PPAF and its PO’s,
➢ It does not clearly stipulate the environmental mitigation costs and mechanism for financing the implementation of environmental mitigations.
1.1 Background of Environmental & Social Management Framework
Environment & Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to set out the environmental assessment procedures required by PPAF and its POs to assess the environmental consequences of PPAF interventions.
Following are the objectives of ESMF:
• Prevent execution of interventions with significant individual or cumulative negative environmental and Social impacts;
• Minimize potential individual and cumulative negative impacts by incorporating mitigations at the design stage and implementing mitigations at the implementation stage of the interventions;
• Enhance the positive impacts of interventions;
• Protect environmentally sensitive areas from additional disturbance from human interventions.
The procedures in the ESMF were designed to:
• Facilitate PPAF and partner organizations (PO) to adopt intervention specific structured environmental assessment formats;
• Enable PPAF and POs to monitor the implementation of ESMF on the basis of intervention specific structured environmental assessment formats.
1.2 Guiding Principles of ESMF
Following are the guiding principles of the ESMF:
I. Cover both individual and cumulative environmental impacts of interventions.
II. Simple, PPAF intervention specific, short and user friendly.
III. Instruction based rather than user discretion based.
IV. Meet PPAF eligibility criteria and PPAF community physical infrastructure manual.
V. In line with Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures and World Bank Environmental Assessment Procedures and other international environmental legislations, guidelines and tools.
VI. Enable PO’s and users for both procedural, and spirit compliance.
VII. No land acquisition or project interventions will work with donated land with signed agreement (See Annex 1A)
1.3 Organization of the Environmental Management Framework
The ESMF is divided in to eleven sections;
Section 1- Introduction: This section contains an overview of PPAF and its activities, background of ESMF, guiding principles of the ESMF and organization of the ESMF document.
Section 2 – Procedure for Environmental & Social Screening: This section stipulates the procedure for environmental screening of the PPAF funded interventions besides providing scope of environmental review, integrated environmental review, initial environmental examination, and environmental impact assessment. It also stipulates the approach for implementing the ESMF in its real sense and spirit.
Section 3- Environmental/Social Review: This section of the ESMF defines the step-by-step approach to conduct Environmental Review (E/SR), the use of E/SR formats, intervention specific E/SR guidelines, criteria, and mitigation plan.
Section 4- Integrated Environmental Review: This section of the ESMF defines the step-by-step approach to conduct Integrated Environmental Review (IER), the use of IER formats, intervention specific IER guidelines, criteria, and mitigation plan.
Section 5 - Initial Environmental Examination: It presents the IEE format required by Pakistan Assessment Procedures 1997, and intervention specific environmental guidelines.
Section 6 – Environmental/Social Impact Assessment: This section provides standard definition of EIA and SIA states its legal justification, lists the PPAF interventions requiring EIA & SIA and a summary of guidelines of conducting an EIA & SIA study.
Section 7 - Completion Certificate: This section presents a standard Form-B as Completion Certificate. Form-B provides the confirmation from the PO and Community Organization for the implementation of the mitigation plan proposed in Form-A.
Section 8 – Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan: This section presents the dissemination and enforcement strategies, and dissemination & enforcement action plan for the ESMF.
Section 9 – Estimated Unit Environmental Costs: This section presents the unit physical environmental costs by each proposed mitigation and SSI, MF, education, and health interventions.
Section 10 - Institutional Arrangement: This section recommends an institutional arrangement at three levels i.e. PPAF, POs, and external monitoring. Section determines the human and physical resources required for the effective implementation of the ESMF. Finally clear roles and responsibilities for each party and positions have been presented.
Section 11 – Financing Procedures and Budgetary Allocation: This section presents financing procedures for the disbursement of the environmental costs. Budgetary allocations include environmental, human resources, logistical & operational, and external monitoring costs.
2: Procedure for Environmental Screening
2.1 Basis of Environmental/Social Screening
ESMF proposes four types of environmental assessments for PPAF interventions; these are as follows:
i) Environmental & Social Review
ii) Integrated Environmental Review
iii) Initial Environmental Examination
iv) Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
Environmental/Social Screening to select the type of environmental assessment for each PPAF intervention has been conducted by applying following criteria:
i) Instructions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA) and Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997 (PEAP) for the level of assessment required for the intervention i.e. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA);
ii) Individual and cumulative environmental impacts of interventions in different geographical areas;
iii) PPAF negative lists for interventions;
iv) World Bank Environmental Assessment requirements.
2.2 Environmental / Social Screening
Table 2.1 presents the type of environmental/Social assessment required for each intervention on the basis of application of above stated criteria.
The first column of Table 2.1 categorizes the PPAF intervention in different sectors. Second column lists the typical PPAF interventions and the last four columns instruct the proponent of the intervention regarding the type of environmental assessment to be conducted.
2.3 Environmental/Social Review
The proponents of the interventions are instructed to conduct the E/SR for all those projects listed under Table 2.1 and ticked for ER. Interventions specific E/SR formats are given in Section 3 of the ESMF as Form-A and proponent are required to fill the same and submit the duly filled project specific form with the intervention proposal to the approving authority.
2.4 Integrated Environmental/Social Review
The proponents of the interventions are instructed to conduct the IER for all those projects listed under Table 2.1 and ticked for IER. IER are proposed for those interventions whose cumulative environmental impacts are obvious or these are comprised of more than one interventions. The scope of IER is more than the standard scope for an ER, and much less than the scope of IEE required under PEPA 97. Interventions specific IER formats are given in Section 4 of the ESMF and proponent are required to fill the same and submit the duly filled project specific format with the intervention proposal to the approving authority.
2.5 Initial Environmental/Social Examination
An IEE is to be conducted prior to the interventions approval and financing. An IEE is conducted only for those interventions that qualify for IEE as per environmental screening criteria under Table 2.1 and recommendations of ER and IER. Proponent of the intervention or an environmental specialist hired by the proponent will carry out the IEE in accordance with the format provided by Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997.
The result is to be presented to the approving authorities in the form of a report. The scope of the IEE should cover foreseeable qualitative and quantitative impacts on the environment of the proposed intervention, proposed mitigation measures, and reporting arrangements at different stages of implementation.
2.6 Environmental/ Social Impact Assessment
The EIA, if required specifically for an intervention, is to be carried out in accordance with the format provided by Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997, and the specific guidelines provided by national and international institutions. EIA is required only for those interventions that are ticked under EIA list in Table 2.1. A third party appointed by PPAF should conduct the EIA/SIA. Section 6 of this ESMF stipulates broader guidelines for conducting an EIA. Generally, EIA/SIA covers: Collection of data, prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts, comparison of alternatives, evaluation of preventive, mitigatory and compensatory measures, social impacts of certain interventions formulation of environmental management and training plans and monitoring arrangements and framing of recommendations.
2.7 Completion Certificate
Form-B is the confirmation at the completion stage that the proposed mitigation plan has been implemented. Four persons will sign the completion report, these are: person responsible for the preparation of Form-A, person implemented the Form-A, head of the Community Organization, and finally the person checked the Form-A implementation.
2.8 Implementation of ESMF in its Real Sense and Spirit
It is not enough to follow the stipulated procedures only as a routine by the concerned organizations and teams. It is equally important for all the concerned persons and organizations associated with PPAF to build capacity to implement the requirements of the ESMF in its real sense and spirit.
In order to facilitate the persons and organizations involved with the PPAF funded projects/interventions, a separate volume of Reference Material and User Guidelines (RMUG) is compiled to support and elaborate the technical details of the ESMF. The RMUG contains (i) Pakistan environmental profile, (ii) Relevant national and local environmental legislation, (iii) Detailed description of environmental issues attached to different types of PPAF interventions, and (iv) General frameworks for initial environmental/Social examination, and environmental impact assessment.
It is mandatory under the ESMF for all the project teams and organizations involved with the PPAF projects to make available copies of ESMF and RMUG at their offices and train their concern staff so as to implement the ESMF in its real sense and spirit.
Table 2.1
Environmental/Social Screening by Type of PPAF Interventions
|Sr. |Sector of Intervention |Specific Intervention | |Environmental Screening Protocol |
|No | | | | |
| | | |
| | |Tube wells – drinking water* |
| | |Wind mills (i.e. coastal areas of Balochistan and Sindh) |
| | |A. Internal |
| | |Culverts |
| | |Bridges |
| | |Sanitation schemes (latrines, T-Chambers, drains, and oxidation pond) |
| | |Solid waste management (for ≤100 Households) |
| | |Area up-grading |
| | |School |
| |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Tube Wells – Irrigation in Irrigated Areas
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Demand for additional irrigation water in the area is justified on the basis of existing irrigation water | |
|availability and requirement gap | |
|Proper organizational arrangements and formula have been agreed upon among the stakeholders for the equitable | |
|distribution of the additional water and this has been incorporated in the proposal | |
|Community training for irrigation efficiencies, water course maintenance, and proper drainage is included in the | |
|proposal | |
|Test report of the nearest tube well for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) confirms that TDS are not more than 1,500 ppm | |
|Tube well is located about 150 Meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|Donated land is available for Tube well | |
|No apparent negative hygienic issues involved in constructing Tube Well | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance or develop |
|new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing at the borehole stage and confirm that test results show that the TDS of the water is | |
|not more than 1,500 ppm. Attach test report with the design report | |
|Train community on irrigation efficiencies, watercourse maintenance and proper drainage. | |
|Restore the site disturbed due to the digging of bore/pit and concrete mixing. | |
|Remove excess construction material from the site. | |
|Ensure that there should be no stagnant water pond within 15m from the tube well. | |
|Seal the tube well and its pedestal so that the impurities could not be mixed with the water. | |
|Donor of the land agrees to give water rights without any discrimination | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Hand Pumps
Environmental / Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Individual and cumulative impacts of ground water draw down for hand pumps are not significant in irrigated areas; however, cumulative |
|impacts have moderate significance in desert and dry areas. |
| |
|Shallow water table is commonly contaminated with coliforms, fecal coliforms, fluorides, and nitrate. These contaminants cause moderate |
|to high significance health impacts on the communities. Test reports are needed for these parameters for the nearby hand pump at the |
|proposal stage, and at bore hole stage for the proposed hand pump. |
| |
|No conflict over the source of water |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Hand Pump
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/ Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|No major safe drinking water source that can meet the population demands for safe drinking water supply is | |
|functioning within 100 Meter diameter in the irrigated areas, and 250 Meter diameter in desert and dry areas | |
|of the proposed location of the new hand pump. | |
|Proposed hand pump is located 60 Meters away from the latrines and solid waste dumps | |
|Test report of the nearest hand pump for coliform, fecal coliform, fluoride, and nitrate confirms that water | |
|quality in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines | |
|Hand pump is located about 10 Meters away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|No conflict over the source/land | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. Proponent is|
|advised to locate new site that qualifies the criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing at the borehole stage and confirm that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal | |
|coliform, nitrate, and fluoride. Attach test report with the completion report | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Open Well
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Open wells are commonly contaminated with coliforms, fecal coliforms, fluorides, and nitrate. These contaminants cause moderate to high |
|significance health impacts on the communities. Test reports are needed for these parameters for the nearby open well at the proposal |
|stage, and at bore hole stage for the proposed open well |
| |
|Open wells water mostly gets contaminated with dropping of surface contaminants in the well. |
| |
|Most of the open wells are without Parapet wall. This can cause safety risks for the users. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Open Well
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|No major safe drinking water source that can meet the population demands for safe drinking water supply is functioning | |
|within 100 Meter diameter in the irrigated areas, and 250 Meter diameter in desert and dry areas of the proposed | |
|location of the open well. | |
|Proposed open well is located 60 Meters away from the latrines and solid waste dumps | |
|Test report of the nearest open well or hand pump for coliform, fecal coliform, fluoride, and nitrate confirms that | |
|water quality in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines | |
|Open well is located about 10 Meters away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|Location of the well should be accessible for women | |
|Method of drawing water should be taken into consideration in the areas where water table is low (especially for women) | |
|Land should be donated to the community | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. Proponent is advised |
|to locate new site that qualifies the criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing at the borehole stage and confirm that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal coliform, | |
|nitrate, and fluoride. Attach test report with the completion report | |
|Make proper arrangements to ensure that surface contaminants will not mix with the open well water. | |
| All open wells must have a parapet wall. Preferably cover the well with an appropriate roofing structure to avoid | |
|contaminants in the well for this reason, and to minimize instances of people/animals fall into the well. | |
|Water is being carried by women in most of the areas, so location of open well must be taken into consideration | |
|Method of drawing water should not be labour intensive | |
|An agreement signed for donated land | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Rain Water Harvesting Ponds
Environmental and Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Rainwater harvesting ponds commonly remain under the threat of contamination by human pathogens, animal manure, agricultural chemicals,|
|and algae growth. These ponds, if not properly managed, serve as mosquitoes breeding areas. These contaminants cause moderate to high |
|significance health impacts on the communities. Three monthly test reports are needed for coliforms, fecal coliforms, and nitrates at |
|the operational stage of the pond. |
| |
|Community is mostly trained and educated about the ways and means of ensuring that the pond remains safe from the intrusion of surface |
|contaminants. |
| |
|Physical features are added in the design to ensure that surface contaminants shall not mix with the pond water. |
| |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Rain Water Harvesting Ponds
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Proposed rain water harvesting pond is located 100 Meter away from the latrines and solid waste dumps, and | |
|agricultural fields | |
|Pond is located about 10 Meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. Proponent |
|is advised to locate new site that qualifies the criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Prepare pond management plan and train the community accordingly. | |
|Ensure by making proper arrangements that surface contaminants will not mix with the pond water. | |
|Ensure water agitation to avoid mosquitoes breeding e.g., rowing, boating etc. Set the time frame within | |
|which water should be used. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Check Dam
Environmental/ Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Check dams normally do not cause environmental impacts. It is suggested that wherever possible use local materials to avoid the |
|transportation of material and ensure that the structure design ensures the safety of people in case of break down. |
|It should not have any negative social impact through its location or ownership of land |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Check Dam
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not Relevant |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Ensure that location and structure designs have incorporated safety aspects. | |
|Appropriate safety standards must be followed and agreement must be signed in case of individual ownership of| |
|land | |
|For all donated land an agreement must be signed. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Water Tank
Environmental/ Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Water tanks without practicing frequent cleaning may lead to bacterial contamination of water. Frequent cleaning is always advisable for |
|the safe drinking water from the water tanks. |
| |
|It is always safe to test the intake water to these tanks for coliforms, fecal coliforms, fluorides, and nitrates as per WHO guidelines. |
|Water tanks are mostly located at a safe distance from the sources of surface contamination. |
| |
|There should not be any conflict over the water and accessible to all those who need it. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Water Tank
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/ Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Proposed water tank is located 100 Meter away from all the sources of surface contamination such as latrines | |
|and solid waste dumps. | |
|Proposed water tank is located 30 M away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|Test report of the intake water to the water tank for coliform, fecal coliform, fluoride, and nitrate confirms| |
|that water quality in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines | |
|There should not be any conflict over the source of water | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. The |
|proponent is advised to locate alternate safe drinking water source or site or both that complies the criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing of intake water to the water tank and confirm that the water is not contaminated by | |
|coliform, fecal coliform, nitrate, and fluoride. Attach test report with the design report. | |
|Water tanks must be adequately covered and necessarily manholes provided for cleaning and maintenance. | |
|Inform the community about the frequency of cleaning the tank; mostly tanks are cleaned every three months. | |
|An agreement must be signed ensuring accessibility and water rights to all | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Water Channel – Mountain Areas
Environmental/ Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Water channels, if not properly constructed, cause upstream and downstream soil erosions. During construction special care needs to be|
|taken to avoid all the reasons of community disturbances attached to falling of debris, alternate route for existing channel, and |
|blasting – if involved. |
| |
|During operations leakages from water channels lead to land slides that may cause physical damage and human loss in the downstream |
|communities. Due to this reason polyethylene sheets are laid on the bed of the channel in loose soil areas, and a mixture of clay, |
|earth, and grass is applied on the walls of the channel. In loose soil areas trapezoid channels are constructed, in semi-loose areas |
|semi circular channels are constructed, and in rocky areas rectangular channels are constructed to avoid seepage and leakage. Further |
|to these mitigations, in loose and semi-loose soil areas a berm of 3-5 feet width is maintained, whereas, in rocky areas a berm of 2 |
|feet width is maintained. |
| |
|Water channels divert water from upstream main water source, and distribute water to the downstream farmers along the alignment. |
|Diversion and distribution of water is a serious issue among the farmers community. Intensive consultations are conducted with the |
|farmer communities for the selection of point and source of diversion, alignment of the channel, water distribution system along the |
|channel, construction design and cost, etc. |
|No obstruction/conflict on route of the channel since it often passes through a large area and should benefit to all |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Water Channel – Mountain Areas
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|There is a consensus in the community on channel design, route, water distribution, and cost. | |
|Channel will be lined with a mixture of clay, earth, and local grass, and in case of loose soils polyethylene| |
|sheets will be laid on the bed, berms of 3 to 5 feet width in loose and semi-loose soils and 2 feet width in | |
|rocky areas will be constructed along the channel. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. In case |
|the proponent of the project is convinced that though the project does not qualify the environmental criteria even then the project |
|should be implemented under local urgencies and demands then the proponent should generate strong justification in favour of the |
|project or implement measures to comply the above criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Make proper arrangements for the safety of the community during construction such as falling of debris, | |
|alternate route for existing channel, and blasting. Ensure safe disposal of solid waste. | |
|Secure community consensus on channel route, point of diversion, water distribution system, and cost of the | |
|project. | |
|Ensure channel alignment does not disturb any environmentally sensitive and culturally important area. | |
|Minimize tree cutting and plant two trees for every tree cut along the channel | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Watercourse
Environmental Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Watercourses are lined for decreasing the water losses occur at the watercourse level and improving the availability at the tail. In |
|most of the cases lining is not meant for increasing the command area of the watercourse. |
| |
|In the agricultural lands there are small precincts (katcha areas) which are not cultivated. These precincts serve an important |
|function of bio-pest reserves at the farm level. With the increase of water availability due to lining, there is a threat that the |
|farmers will also start cultivation on these precincts. Cultivation of these precincts will lead to loss of an important bio-pest |
|management function made available by the nature. |
| |
|No obstruction/conflict on route of watercourse since it often passes through large area and should benefit to all |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Watercourse
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|There will be no increase in the command area. | |
|No katcha area will be brought under cultivation due to increase in water supply. | |
|Watercourse alignment does not disturb any environmentally sensitive and culturally important area. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. In case |
|the proponent of the project is convinced that though the project does not qualify the environmental criteria even then the project |
|should be implemented under local urgencies and demands then the proponent should generate strong justification in favour of the |
|project or implement measures to comply the above criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Secure community consensus on water course route, point of diversion, water distribution system and cost of | |
|the project. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Karezes
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Karezes divert water directly from upstream sources and transfer water to the users through a long tunnel. During water conveyance |
|water is exposed to natural (fluoride, arsenic etc.) and human (coliform, fecal coliform, and nitrate) contaminants. Due to these |
|conditions, it is always safe to test the Karezes water for the above stated contaminants before use for human consumption. |
| |
|During Karezes construction and maintenance some times blasting is conducted to break the hard rock. Blasting with poor safety |
|practices can lead to injuries and in some cases loss of life. It is instructed that blasting should be conducted only after applying |
|all the safety precautions promoted for safe blasting. |
| |
|Land subsidence is a threat attached to karezes. For new Karezes land subsidence issue is handled at the design level, and for |
|existing Karezes this issue is managed through proper maintenance and reinforcement. |
| |
|Karezes need periodic maintenance and cleaning along with water testing. It is advised to the proponent of the project to devise |
|maintenance, cleaning, and water testing schedules on the basis of on ground conditions. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Karezes
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Water test report confirms that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal coliform, fluoride, arsenic, | |
|and nitrate as per WHO guidelines. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. In case the |
|proponent of the project is convinced that though the project does not qualify the environmental criteria even then the project should be|
|implemented under local urgencies and demands then the proponent should generate strong justification in favour of the project or |
|implement measures to comply the above criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing for coliform, fecal coliform, fluorides, arsenic, and nitrate as per WHO guidelines. | |
|Attach test report with the design report. | |
|Adopt safety measures for blasting. | |
|Prepare schedules for maintenance, cleaning and water testing for the operational stage and train community | |
|for the execution of activities as per schedules. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Land Leveling
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Land leveling of agricultural farms is conducted for uniform spread of water through out the farm. Land leveling, if not properly |
|executed, then it causes increased soil run-off that leads to loss of topsoil. Topsoil loss causes the decrease in the crop yield. |
| |
|Land leveling in the mountain areas along with soil run-off and top soil loss can also lead to soil erosion due to the application of |
|heavy equipment. |
| |
|Appropriate safety standards must be followed in case of use of heavy machinery and blasting |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Land Leveling
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/ Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate farmers about the relationship between topsoil loss and decrease in crop yield. Train farmers about | |
|effective methods of land levelling. | |
|In mountain areas: Ensure that light equipment is used for land levelling, along with slope stabilization | |
|measures. | |
|Appropriate safety standards must be followed in case of use of machinery and blasting | |
Technological Interventions
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Desalination Plant
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|If the desalination tank is properly cleaned and maintained, there is rare possibility of water contamination under desalination process.|
|Its poor efficiency can lead to higher value for TDS, but WHO has dropped this indicator from the drinking water indicators. Just for |
|double- checking, testing of discharge water for coliform, fecal coliform, and nitrate is advised but not essential. |
| |
|Extracted salt can lead to local level soil contamination. Salt should be properly buried or disposed of by other alternative ways. |
| |
|Periodic cleaning of raw water tank is required to ensure that salt deposition and bacterial growth is not happening. |
| |
|There should not be any conflict over land. It should be donated with the signing of agreement |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Desalination Plant
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Desalination plant is located about 50 Meter away from latrines and solid waste dumps | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. Proponent is |
|advised to locate new site that qualifies the criteria. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing of discharged water for coliform, fecal coliform, and nitrate. | |
|Dispose off the extracted salt by burying away from agricultural land. Alternatively, salts can be disposed | |
|off in the dumping sites if available. | |
|Prepare manuals and schedules for the cleaning of raw water tank, desalination water, and storage tank. Train| |
|community on the tanks cleaning. | |
|Land should be donated or proper agreement must be signed to ensure rights and accessibility | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Biogas Plant
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Biogas plant is an environmentally friendly product. It does two functions; (a) Supply clean energy at the local level, and (b) |
|generate bio-fertilizer (slurry) as a bye product. Biogas plant operations are relatively complex as compared to other PPAF CPI’s. If|
|the plant is operated under prescribed manual then they normally do not cause environmental impacts. |
| |
|Seepage from biogas well can cause groundwater contamination. Seepage control measures are incorporated in the design to mitigate this|
|impact. |
| |
|Population safety from the emissions of the plant is normally achieved by locating plant at a safe distance from the villages. |
| |
|H2S generation can cause serious environmental impacts in the form of community health. This issue is normally mitigated by fixing a |
|suction fan on the top of the stake. Fan will suck the gas and disperse in the air. |
| |
|There should not be any conflict over distribution and benefits should be distributed equitably. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Biogas Plant
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Biogas plant is located at a distance of 200 Meter from residences, and sources of water supply. | |
|There should not be any conflict over distribution | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. Proponent is |
|advised to locate new site that qualifies the criteria. |
| |
|If answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Design and construct closed biogas well. | |
|Ensure sludge conveyance to the well is proper and 100% sludge is transferred to the well. | |
|Install proper arrangements for the monitoring of H2S emissions. | |
|Prepare a comprehensive operating manual for the plant – the manual should cover major environmental concerns| |
|such as H2S emissions controls, safety measures for cleaning the well, solid waste management, and seepage | |
|controls. The manual should also provide plant monitoring arrangements and frequency of monitoring for | |
|environmental indicators. | |
|Train community about the operations of the plant. The training should include; impacts of seepage to the | |
|groundwater, hazards of H2S gas, and safety measures for handing H2S gas emissions. | |
|Appropriate measures should be taken to ensure equitable distribution of benefits | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Solar Energy
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Solar energy is environmentally friendly product, as such it does not cause any negative environmental impacts during installation. |
| |
|Batteries attached to Photovoltaic cells contain potentially toxic substances. It is preferable to sell the expired batteries to the |
|recycling workshops. Practice of reconstruction of batteries is common in Pakistan |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Solar Energy
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate communities about the proper use and maintenance of solar energy plants such as regular cleaning of | |
|photovoltaic cells. | |
|Sell expired batteries to the batteries construction workshops and ensure that they should not fall into the | |
|hands of children | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Cooking Stoves
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Efficient cooking stove is environmentally friendly product. It causes positive environmental impacts in the form of decrease in |
|deforestation, and improvement of females’ health due to low emissions of carbon monoxide. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Cooking Stoves
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Train people especially females about the proper use and operations of efficient cooking stoves | |
Access / Circulation - Internal
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Culverts
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Under size culverts can cause local level flooding, and erosion of embankments. Design right size culverts. |
| |
|Construction waste is normally left at the site. Construction waste should be properly disposed after the completion. |
| |
|Construction site should be periodically (preferably twice a day) sprinkled with water to suppress dust emission. |
| |
|Land must be donated with agreement signed ensuring rights |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Culverts
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|No conflict over land | |
|No negative impacts down stream for flow of water. | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Properly dispose waste construction material. Keep the dust suppressed during construction by sprinkling | |
|water, at least twice a day. | |
|Proper agreement must be signed to prevent conflict over the land | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Street Surfacing/Lining
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Dust emission during street surfacing/lining is the most common environmental issue. Water spray on the construction site and |
|alternate route for the commuters is the easiest method for controlling dust. Along with this periodic compaction of the soil at the |
|street under surfacing/lining and alternate route. |
| |
|Construction waste is normally left at the site. Construction waste should be properly disposed after the completion. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Street Surfacing/Lining
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of water spray and compaction of both street under | |
|surfacing/lining and alternate route. | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material. | |
Access / Circulation - External
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Causeway
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Causeway repair or construction can lead to down stream slope destabilization and soil erosion. This environmental impact is normally |
|mitigated by: construction in dry seasons, using pre-stress structures, in case of on-site construction of slab light weight rollers |
|are used, and earth works are executed for the stabilization of downstream slopes. |
| |
|Dust emission during the construction is mitigated by periodic water sprinkling. |
| |
|Temporary safe alternate routes are provided to the commuters to ovoid inconvenience. |
| |
|Waste construction material and debris should be properly disposed. Generally waste construction material and debris are thrown on the|
|downstream slopes. This is seriously a wrong practice; it can cause inconvenience and accidents for the downstream communities along |
|with marginal ecological losses. |
| |
|Downstream communities are properly informed about the construction activity, timings, schedules, and safeguards for securing community|
|consent and avoiding any unpleasant accident. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Causeway
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Inform the downstream communities about detailed activity plan, secure community consent, and implement all | |
|the safeguards agreed with the community. | |
|Schedule construction preferably in dry season. | |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of on-site and alternate route water-sprinkling | |
|schedule. | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material. | |
|During construction provide alternate routes for the commuters. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Retaining Wall
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Retaining wall normally does not cause environmental impacts. It is suggested that wherever possible use local materials to avoid the |
|transportation of material and ensure that the structure design ensures the safety of people in case of break down. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Retaining Wall
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Location and structure design ensures the safety of people. | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material. | |
|Use local material as much as possible. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Link Road – Plain Area
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Link road construction might involve land acquisition, houses, buildings and other physical infrastructure. Wherever acquisition is |
|involved that should be executed with the consent of the stakeholders, and the stakeholders should be properly compensated at market |
|prices under the agreed rates between proponent and stakeholders. |
| |
|In most of the cases trees are cut to clear the right of way. Simple compensation for tree cutting is that plant two trees for every |
|tree cut. |
| |
|Dust emission during the construction is mitigated by periodic water sprinkling. |
| |
|Temporary safe alternate routes are provided to the commuters to ovoid inconvenience. |
| |
|Waste construction material and debris should be properly disposed. Generally waste construction material and debris are left |
|unattended on the site. |
| |
|Land acquisition is not covered by PPAF project contracts. It is the responsibility of community to arrange land wherever required with|
|signing an agreement for voluntarily donated land |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER for Link Road - Plain Area
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Road does not cross through any environmentally sensitive and culturally important area. | |
|No conflict/acquisition over land | |
|Assets/Infrastructure on donated land must be compensated. | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then most probably the road alignment needs to be changed. The project |
|can be implemented after complying the criterion. |
| |
|If answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Inform communities about detailed activity plan, secure community consent, and implement all the safeguards | |
|agreed with the community. | |
|Minimize tree cutting, and plant two trees for every tree cut along the new road. | |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of on-site and alternate route water-sprinkling | |
|schedule. | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material. | |
|During construction provide alternate routes for the commuters | |
|Proper agreement must be signed for voluntarily donated land to avoid any conflict over the land | |
|Other affected assets must be compensated at replacement cost/ market price | |
Other Projects
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Solid Waste Management
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Solid Waste Management interventions of PPAF are very small. In most of the cases only solid waste bins are provided to the |
|communities. |
| |
|Solid waste bins, if not properly located, designed, and managed, become threats to community health. Location of solid waste bins can |
|also lead to social conflict in the community. The community must be fully involved while deciding the locations of solid baste bins. |
| |
|Odor from bins is managed by timely pick-up of solid waste. Bins must be covered to prevent the access of vectors. |
| |
|Burning of the solid waste at the bin site is the general practice of municipal workers. It is hazardous and can cause serious health |
|hazards for the community. Community must be informed about hazards of the solid waste burning. |
| |
|Small bins are mostly located in front of common walls of houses and maximum possible distance from the boundary wall to avoid the |
|social conflicts. Large bins are located 100 meter away from the residential areas in rural areas, and near the open spaces in the |
|built-up or urban area. |
|Social awareness must be given on hygiene and cleanliness |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Solid Waste Management
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Community has approved the location of the solid waste bins without any social conflict. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent of the project should secure approval from the |
|community and then implement the project. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Locate small bins in front of common walls and at a maximum possible distance from the boundary wall. | |
|Locate large bins at distance of 100 meter from the residential areas or near the open space in the area. | |
|Train communities on solid waste management, hazardous and non-hazardous waste, impacts of solid waste | |
|burning, methods of waste reduction and reuse and recycling. | |
|Construct a simple solid waste pit for composting. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Natural Resource Management
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Natural resource management projects can be forestation, rangeland management, watershed management, bio-diversity conservation, wildlife|
|conservation etc. Objectives of these projects are to improve the present status of the specific natural resource. Intervention of such|
|projects focus on preventing, conserving, and enhancing the present status of the natural resource, and taking measures to ensure that in|
|future the factors responsible for depletion will be mitigated and controlled for the sustainability of the natural resource. |
| |
|If holistically developed under ecological criteria then mostly these projects do not cause negative environmental impacts, rather these |
|are environmentally friendly projects. |
| |
|Ensure community participation in forestation and rangeland management |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Natural Resource Management
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Ensure that the project qualify the ecological requirements of the project area. | |
|Ensure that the project interventions will not lead to natural resource over-harvesting. | |
|Ensure that the project intervention will not cause negative impacts on the other natural resources in the | |
|project area, for instance avoid plantation of alien species without adequately studying their water demand. | |
|Ensure community benefit and partner in all Natural resource management activities | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Security Lights
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Security lights are installed on the demand of community. Security lights serve two functions, (i) security of the area, and (ii) |
|convenience for the people to commute in the night. Community should decide about the location of the security lights with the |
|technical assistance of the partner organization. |
| |
|It is preferable to use energy saver bulbs and tube lights. |
|Fused bulbs and tubes must be disposed off in an environmentally safe manner, preferably by recycling. |
|Community must be educated through information and awareness in case of burst and fused bulbs |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Security Lights
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Community education/awareness must be a part of the intervention | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Secure consensus in the community about the location of the street lights. | |
|Use energy savers for electricity conservation. | |
|Ensure community awareness to handle burst and fused bulbs. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Jetty
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Jetty owing to its location has the potential to disturb sanctuaries of marine life located at inland (egg laying areas of turtles)|
|and mangroves (shrimp areas). Proponent of the jetties should be aware of such sensitive but important habitat areas of marine |
|life while locating jetties. |
| |
|Engine powered boats generate oil pollution. This is the common sight in most of jetties in Pakistan. Most of the oil pollution is|
|generated due to the poor tuning of the engines, and wet cleaning of the boats. Proponents of the project should create awareness |
|among the fishermen about these issues. |
| |
|Most of the fishermen dispose the fisheries waste close to the jetties. This causes foul smells due to the decomposition of the |
|waste. Proper disposal arrangements for such wastes should be part of the proposal. |
| |
|Clearly defined ownership, usage and accessibility to all groups particularly poor and vulnerable fisherman |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Jetty
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Jetties must be located 1 km. away from marine life sanctuaries and habitats. | |
|It should be accessible to all especially poor and vulnerable | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve |
|compliance or develop new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Solid waste management and safe disposal should be part of the proposal. | |
|Train community on benefits of timely tuning of the engines, and solid waste management. | |
|Proper documentation may be made to ensure accessibility and benefits to all | |
Social Sector Development
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Schools
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|If it is an existing school then mostly no difference of point of view exists in the community about the location of the school. In |
|case of new schools the proponent should locate the school with the consent of the community. New schools should not be located along |
|the major roads and highways. In general school physical conditions and services should be better than the conditions prevailing in |
|student’s homes. In order to promote safe practices, building structure should follow the building codes for designing as per seismic |
|zone. |
| |
|Construction site should be periodically (preferably twice a day) sprinkled with water to suppress dust emission. |
| |
|Drinking Water Tank: Mostly drinking water tanks are not cleaned in the schools and students drink contaminated water. This is a |
|serious health hazard for the students. These tanks must be cleaned every three months. Proponent of the project should make it a |
|point to inform the school management about the importance of cleaning of the water tank. Water should be tested for coliform, fecal |
|coliform, fluoride and nitrate. In case the school is located in the district of arsenic contamination of the groundwater, then some |
|other source of water supply should be used such as surface water or shallow water. |
| |
|Latrines: Many rural schools do not have latrines. Students go for open defecation. Proponent of the project should include latrines |
|as essential part of the project. At the same time wherever latrines are available their hygienic conditions are pathetic. |
|Conventional or flush latrines should be constructed; this will substantially reduce the possibilities of spread and contact of |
|pathogens and other pollutants. Latrines are linked with the septic tank to avoid dispersal of pollutants in the community. It is |
|recommended that lined septic tanks should be constructed for latrines. Health improvement impact of effective latrines is only |
|realized if the students are also trained on better hygienic and sanitation practices e.g. washing hands with soap after defecation, no|
|open defecation in and outside school, and daily or twice a day cleaning of latrine. |
| |
|Solid waste: Three types of waste bins are provided in the school. It is recommended that two small bins should be provided in each |
|class room. One large bin should be sited within the school boundary wall in order to collect all the waste at one site. |
| |
|There should not be any conflict over land and land must be voluntarily donated. |
| |
|In case of girl’s school, location and boundary walls must be taken into consideration. Separate latrines for boys and girls must be |
|made |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for School
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Make sure that voluntarily donated land is available for school | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent of the project should work on the alternative |
|location of the school, sources of drinking water, and include safe latrines as essential part of the proposal. In the case of |
|non-compliance to any of the above criterion the proposal cannot be approved. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct the water testing of the tank water for coliform, fecal coliform, fluoride and nitrate and confirm | |
|that tank water is not contaminated by these contaminants. Attach test report with the proposal. | |
|Use surface and shallow water sources in the arsenic contaminated districts. Ensure that water from these | |
|sources is not contaminated by arsenic. | |
|Construct latrines linked with p-traps and septic tanks. | |
|Train teachers and management of the school about the importance of water tank cleaning, good hygiene | |
|practices, and proper sanitation services. | |
|Adopt buildings codes for building structure and design as per seismic zones. | |
|Collect the waste from bins regularly and dispose off at suitable dumping site. | |
|Open dumping should be avoided as it is not environmental friendly practice. | |
|During construction, the site must be appropriately fenced and sprinkled with water for dust suppression. | |
|An agreement may be signed for voluntarily donated land to avoid any conflict over land. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Basic Health Unit/Dispensary
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific SSI
| |
|Basic health units and dispensaries due to poor working practices are one of the important sources of spread of different deceases in |
|the community. Most important poor practices are: improper sterilization of equipment, reuse of used needles & syringes, and unsafe |
|disposal of hazardous waste. |
| |
|Complete set of sterilization equipment should be provided to the BHU/dispensary. The management of BHU/dispensary should be trained |
|on the scientific method of sterilization. |
| |
|Used needles and syringes crushing equipment should be provided, the management should be instructed to essentially practice the |
|crushing of used needles and syringes. |
| |
|Hazardous waste generated by BHU/dispensary is safely disposed by providing disposal pit located within the BHU/dispensary. Lined and |
|covered pit is constructed with a capacity to accommodate six months to one-year hazardous waste. The pit should be designed in manner|
|that it is sealed and only a small hole with a cap is available for disposing and compacting the hazardous waste. Once the pit is full|
|to its capacity, then it is completely sealed and a new pit is constructed within the premises. |
| |
|Provision of latrines is essential for the proponent of the project. Conventional or flush latrines with P-traps should be constructed.|
|This will substantially reduce the possibilities of spread and contact of pathogens and other pollutants. Latrines should be linked |
|with the septic tanks to avoid dispersal of pollutants in the community. It is recommended that lined septic tanks should be |
|constructed for latrines. |
| |
|No conflict over the land of Health Unit |
| |
|Location should be accessible to all especially women |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Basic Health Unit/Dispensary
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|No dispute over land | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent of the project should first qualify the criterion before|
|any further action. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Provide sterilization equipment and crushing machine for needles and sharps. | |
|Construct safe hazardous waste disposal pit within the premises. | |
|Structural design of the building must follow appropriate construction codes according to seismic zoning, as | |
|applicable to essential services. | |
|Train management and staff of BHU/dispensary on the issues of hazards of poor sterilization, reuse of needles | |
|& syringes, poor hygiene practices and unsafe disposal of hazardous waste. | |
|Provide latrines linked with septic tanks. | |
|Provide separate and covered bins for domestic and medical waste collection. | |
|Keep the construction site properly fenced and sprinkle it with water twice a day to keep the dust suppressed.| |
|Construction waste/debris must be disposed off by carrying to designated sites pre-identified in construction | |
|with the agencies concerned. | |
|Proper agreement must be signed for land voluntarily donated to avoid conflict over the land | |
|Consensus must be made over the location keeping in view accessibility of all, especially women | |
MF Interventions
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Agriculture/Cropping
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|Overuse of synthetic fertilizer can lead to soil contamination and drop in yield in the long term. Application of synthetic fertilizer|
|under best practices delivers the best results. Poor storage is also an issue, this lead to local level soil contamination and health |
|hazards. Alternatively farmers should also be informed about the benefits of using organic fertilizer, crop rotation, and land |
|fallowing. These alternatives lead to reduction in the use of synthetic fertilizer and these are also cost effective. |
| |
|Pesticides are on the negative list of PPAF credits. Pesticides use hazards are well documented. Proponent should inform farmers |
|about the benefits and methods of integrated pest management. |
| |
|Outreach/training activities for agriculture should benefit both men and women. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Agriculture/Cropping
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Credit will not be used for the purchase of pesticides | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the credit cannot be extended. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate farmer about the disadvantages of overuse of fertilizer, storage requirements of fertilizer, benefits| |
|of organic fertilizer, crop rotation, and land fallowing, hazards of using pesticides, and integrated pest | |
|management. | |
|Ensure participation and benefits of training and other resources to both men and women | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Livestock/Poultry/Fish Farming
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|Rangelands in Pakistan are under stress due to over grazing. Dry and non-irrigated areas of Balochistan and NWFP are the most effected |
|areas. Over grazing lead to desertification in the dry plain areas, and soil erosion in the mountain areas. Extending credit in these |
|areas for grazing livestock will further increase the problem. In such areas credit can only be extended for stall fed livestock. At |
|the same time through out Pakistan borrowers need to be informed about better species of livestock and best health practices for the |
|livestock. Training of villagers and farmers on rangeland management will certainly add the adoption of better rangeland management |
|practices as a whole. |
| |
|Poultry farms are known for their foul smell. Poultry birds are also prone to many diseases and there are possibilities of disease |
|spread in the nearby communities. Due to these reasons it is safe to locate the poultry farms away from residential areas. Creditor |
|should ensure that the poultry farm of the borrower qualify this criteria. Poultry farm management practices are very poor in |
|Pakistan. The creditor is in the best position to educate the borrower about the best management practices for cleanliness and |
|hygiene. Further to this most of the poultry farms are using low quality chicken feed, for example protein is extracted from tannery |
|waste and then used for the preparation of chicken feed. In most of the cases along with the protein, chrome is also extracted and |
|through chicken feed it enters into the food cycle. Low quality chicken feed is one of the most important reasons behind the occurrence|
|of diseases in poultry. |
| |
|Fish farming ponds are mostly without any safety railings, this is a safety hazard for the local population. Fish ponds if not |
|properly managed then they serve as a mosquito and other insects breeding areas, this is a serious health hazard for the nearby |
|community. Other issue attached to the fish farming is the introduction of exotic species; this can be disastrous for the local |
|species. The creditor should educate the borrower about these issues and guide him/her about the best management practices. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Livestock/Poultry/Fish Farming
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Credit is extended only for stall fed livestock in the dry and non-irrigated areas. | |
|Poultry farm is at a distance of 250 meter from the residential areas. | |
|No exotic fish species will be introduced. | |
|Men and women have equal access | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the credit cannot be extended. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Livestock: Educate borrower about better species of livestock and best health practices for the livestock. | |
|Promote installation of biogas plants for fuel gas and organic fertilizer. | |
|Poultry Farming: Educate borrower about hazards of feeding low quality chicken feed, best hygiene and | |
|sanitation practices, and birds diseases management and its risk for the community in case of spread. | |
|Fish Farming: Educate farmer about the disadvantages of introducing exotic species, better management | |
|practices for pond, and importance of fencing for the community safety. | |
|Ensure women’s participation in training and other managerial activities if they are involved in the business| |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Commerce/Retailing/Petty Trade
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|These credits are extended to very small enterprises. These enterprises are normally well integrated in the communities; these are |
|considered more as convenient stores rather than social nuisance. Normally such credits do not cause any negative environmental/Social|
|impact and infact help the poorest section of society. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Commerce/Retailing/Petty Trade
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Ensure that no social disturbance will be caused by the enterprise and the enterprise is not involved in the | |
|trading of items mentioned in the CED negative list. | |
|Provide covered bins for domestic solid waste collection. | |
|Educate community to adopt better environmental practices such as usage of energy efficient bulbs etc. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Handicraft/Cottage Industry
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|In some of the handicrafts hazardous dyes and chemicals are used. Such chemicals cause skin allergy, cancer and same type of fatal |
|diseases. Creditor should be in full knowledge about the operations of the enterprise and if required should educate the borrower about|
|the health hazards of using hazardous dyes and chemicals. |
| |
|Child labour is the common feature in such enterprises. Children are more prone to the hazards of chemicals and fatigue, at the same |
|time it is against the laws of Pakistan. Creditor should take special notice of this issue and ensure that the credit would not |
|strength the enterprise that is involved in the non-compliance of child labour laws. |
| |
|In some cases long/unpaid hours of work become common. Gender discrimination is also common at work place. |
| |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Handicraft/Cottage Industry
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Credit will not be used for buying hazardous dyes and chemicals. | |
|Child labour is not hired by the enterprise. | |
|Appropriate HR policies must be in place to ensure labor laws | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate borrowers about the hazards of using hazardous dyes and chemicals, acid handling and usage, and proper| |
|disposal of lubricants and solid waste. | |
|Inform borrowers that hiring child labour is a crime under the laws of Pakistan. | |
|Properly dispose waste material. | |
|Ensure compliance of policies/laws to protect the rights of compensation/wages and long hours of work | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Food/Agricultural Processing
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|Large amount of pesticides are applied on the fruit crops. If not properly washed at the time of processing then residues of |
|pesticides are left on the surface of the fruits. This negligence may lead to serious health hazards for the consumers. Many |
|preservatives are used for food packaging; these preservatives should be of good quality otherwise these would serve as health hazards |
|for the consumers. Proper hygiene practices should be practiced to avoid the contamination of the processed food. Creditor should |
|educate the borrower about these hazards and how to manage these hazards. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Food/Agricultural Processing
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Not applicable | |
| |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate borrowers about the hazards attached to poor washing, hygiene practices, and better use of | |
|preservatives. | |
|Properly dispose waste material. | |
|Ensure knowledge/information be transferred to the persons involved in it (both men and women) | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Commodity/Agricultural Trading
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|Loan should not be used for pesticide trade. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Commodity/Agricultural Trading
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Loan is not used for pesticide trade | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the loan cannot be extended. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate borrowers that the pesticide trade is on the negative list of PPAF MF. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Manufacturing / Light Engineering / Workshop
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|These enterprises generally generate nominal amount of emissions of wastewater, lubricants, and air. These emissions can be managed |
|properly with good disposal practices and ventilation arrangements. Wastewater should be disposed in the municipal or local drain |
|rather than on the road/street, lubricant can be collected separately and reused, and ventilation can be improved by making small |
|alterations in the structure. |
| |
|Occupational health and safety is a serious issue in these enterprises. The owners and workers need training about best practices for |
|occupational health and safety. PO can organize these training sessions for different type of borrowers. |
| |
|Child labour is the common feature in such enterprises. Children are more prone to the hazards of pollution and fatigue, at the same |
|time it is against the laws of Pakistan. Creditor should take special notice of this issue and ensure that the credit would not |
|strength the enterprise that is involved in the non-compliance of child labour laws. |
| |
|Energy efficiency measures and technologies are adopted to reduce the energy wastage. These measures and technologies not only conserve|
|the fuel resources but also reduce the environmental pollution. Various energy efficient technologies can be adopted by improving the |
|existing appliances through replacement with energy efficient appliances. Alternatively, energy efficient investment can also be |
|considered at design and planning stage. |
| |
|Appropriate safety measures including safety instruments are often missing in most of these workshops. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Manufacturing / Light Engineering / Workshop
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Child labour is not hired by the enterprise | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the loan cannot be extended. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate borrowers about the best environmental practices for waste disposal, and benefits of proper | |
|ventilation. | |
|Train borrowers on best occupational health and safety practices. | |
|Inform borrowers that hiring child labour is a crime under the laws of Pakistan. | |
|Adopt energy efficient technologies i.e., use of energy efficient appliances. | |
|Ensure compliance of safety standards including use of safety instruments. | |
Page 1 of 2
E/SR for Micro Enterprise
Environmental/Social Guidelines for Conducting E/SR for Specific MF
| |
|These enterprises generally generate nominal amount of emissions of wastewater, lubricants, and air. These emissions can be managed |
|properly with good disposal practices and ventilation arrangements. Wastewater should be disposed in the municipal or local drain rather|
|than on the road/street, lubricant can be collected separately and reused, and ventilation can be improved by making small alterations in|
|the structure. |
| |
|Occupational health and safety is a serious issue in these enterprises. The owners and workers need training about best practices for |
|occupational health and safety. PO can organize these training sessions for different type of borrows. |
| |
|Child labour is the common feature in such enterprises. Children are more prone to the hazards of pollution and fatigue, at the same |
|time it is against the laws of Pakistan. Creditor should take special notice of this issue and ensure that the credit would not strength|
|the enterprise that is involved in the non-compliance of child labour laws. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: E/SR for Micro Enterprise
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental/Social Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Child labour is not hired by the enterprise | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the loan cannot be extended. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Educate borrowers about the best environmental practices for waste disposal, and benefits of proper | |
|ventilation. | |
|Train borrowers on best occupational health and safety practices. | |
|Inform borrowers that hiring child labour is a crime under the laws of Pakistan. | |
4: Integrated Environmental and Social Review
An Integrated Environmental Review (IER) for this ESMF is defined as an assessment which is required for those interventions whose anticipated potential individualistic and cumulative environmental impacts are more than the PPAF interventions in general and less than the scope of initial environmental examination required under Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Under this assessment the proponent of the project has to produce a confirmation statement that the proposed intervention qualifies the minimum environmental criteria; proposed mitigations measures and costs are made part of the proposal and implemented accordingly; and finally the proponent verifies the same at the completion stage.
1. Development of Integrated Environmental and Social Review Document
IER overall objective, assessment tool, and approach are the same as these are adopted for Environmental and Social Review under Section 3 of this ESMF. The main difference between E/SR and IER is the scope of the assessment. The predominant difference in the scope is owing to the anticipated potential cumulative environmental impacts attached to these interventions.
IER document adopts the same E/SR format that is comprised of guidelines, application of environmental criteria, implementation of mitigation plan, and finally the completion certificate.
Individual formats have been developed for each intervention qualified for an IER under Table 2.1.
4.2 Intervention Specific IER Form
A list of specific IER forms for environmental assessment of the PPAF funded projects requiring IER is provided on the next page, the specific IER forms are attached overleaf, and standard completion certificate is presented in Chapter 7:
List of PPAF Interventions Qualify for IER
and SIA
• Water Resources Development
Tube wells- drinking water
Tube wells- Irrigation in dry areas
Delay action dams
• Technological Innovations
Windmills
Micro-hydel – less than 1 MW
• Access / Circulation
B - External
Bridges
Link roads-mountain areas
• Wastewater Management
Sanitation schemes
• Integrated Projects
Area up-grading
Water Resource Development
Page 1 of 2
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Tube Wells – Drinking Water
| |
|Serious depletion of ground water aquifers is happening due to higher level of ground water abstractions in non-irrigated areas in |
|general, and especially in following districts: |
| |
|Balochistan: Quetta, Pishin |
|NWFP: Karak, Kohat, Bannu, and D.I.Khan |
| |
|Installation of drinking water tube well in these districts needs special local level justification in the IER. |
| |
|Contaminated water with coliforms, fecal coliforms, florides, and nitrate causes moderate to high significance health impacts to the |
|community. Test reports are needed for these parameters for the nearby tube well, and at bore hole stage for the proposed drinking |
|water tube well. |
| |
|High prevalence of arsenic contamination has been reported in the following districts of Pakistan: |
| |
|Punjab: Multan, R.Y. Khan, Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Sargodha, Jhang, Gujrat, and Jehlum |
|Sindh: Dadu, Khairpur, Nawabshah, and Tharparker |
|NWFP: Mardan |
| |
|These districts are on the negative list for the drinking water tube wells. For installing drinking water tube well in these districts|
|under local level urgencies and demands produce following test reports: |
| |
|Arsenic ground water test report for the nearest tube well under WHO guidelines |
|Arsenic ground water test report from the bore hole dug for the proposed tube well under WHO guidelines |
| |
|Individual negative environmental impacts of drinking water tube wells are marginal on aquifers depletion; however, their cumulative |
|impacts are moderate to high. New tube well can be constructed within a 100m from the existing tube well. |
| |
|Health impacts due to use of contaminated water for drinking purposes are moderate to high for the community health. |
| |
|Land may be required that will depend on voluntary donation |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER/SIA for Tube Wells – Drinking Water
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|The project is not located in a district that is under the threat of aquifers depletion due to the | |
|abstraction of water by existing tube wells and windmills. | |
|No major safe drinking water source which can meet the population demands for safe drinking water supply is | |
|functioning within 250 Meter diameter of the proposed location of the tube well and the proposed tube well is| |
|located 30 Meter away from the latrines and solid waste dumps | |
|Test report of the nearest tube well for coliform, fecal coliform, nitrate, arsenic, and fluoride confirms | |
|that water quality in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines. | |
|Tube well is located about 50 Meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance|
|or develop new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Attach the test report of the nearest tube well water quality with the proposal. | |
|Conduct water testing at borehole stage and confirm that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal | |
|coliform, nitrate, arsenic, and fluoride. Attach the test report with the completion report. | |
|Maintain a minimum distance of 100m between tube wells. | |
|Community is informed that the water tank needs to be cleaned every three months. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement social mitigation measures | |
Page 1 of 2
IER/SIA for Tube Wells – Irrigation in Dry Areas
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER for Specific SSI
| |
|New tube wells for irrigation can cause reduction in the yield of existing tube wells in the area, and can also draw down the ground |
|water table. New tube well can be constructed within a 100m from the existing tube well. |
| |
|Over irrigation may lead to water logging and salinization of the soils. |
| |
|Quality of the ground water may be degraded with the intrusion of saline water due to over pumping. |
| |
|Irrigation water with high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) may lead to salinization of the soils. Acceptable limit is 1,500 ppm. |
| |
|Poor organizational arrangements and in-equitable distribution of additional water may lead to social conflicts. |
| |
|Mostly water shortages are found at the tail of watercourse or distributory in the irrigated areas. |
| |
|Installation of new tube wells can cause reduction in the yield of existing tube wells in the area. This aspect can be best covered by |
|having datasets on the sub surface hydrology of the region. In the absence of this information, it is proposed that “safe yield” |
|information of existing tube wells located within 500 meters area should be collected to establish the availability of the subsurface |
|water. In case existing tube wells are not running at the level of safe yield then for the proposed tube well feasibility needs to be |
|carried out. Other standard recommended by EPA NWFP for tube wells in irrigated areas is 100m from any existing tube well. |
| |
|Land may be required |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER/SIA for Tube Wells – Irrigation in Dry Areas
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Demand for additional irrigation water in the area is justified on the basis of existing irrigation water | |
|availability and requirement gap | |
|Proper organizational arrangements and formula have been agreed upon among the stakeholders for the equitable | |
|distribution of the additional water and this has been incorporated in the proposal | |
|Community training for irrigation efficiencies, water course maintenance, and proper drainage is included in | |
|the proposal | |
|Test report of the nearest tube well for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) confirms that TDS are not more than | |
|1,500 ppm | |
|Tube well is located about 150 Meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance |
|or develop new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Conduct water testing at the borehole stage and confirm that test results show that the TDS of the water is | |
|not more than 1,500 ppm. Attach test report with the design report | |
|Train community on irrigation efficiencies, watercourse maintenance and proper drainage. | |
|Maintain a minimum distance of 100 m between tubewells. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement social mitigation measures as required | |
Page 1 of 3
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Delay Action Dam
| |
|Delay action dams are constructed to recharge the groundwater aquifer and irrigation purposes. Maximum permissible height for dams |
|constructed under PPAF funding is 10 Meter. |
| |
|Delay action dams may cause erosion, and land slides. Mostly for the designing of delay action dams information for geology, hydrology, |
|topography and soil erosion profile of the area is generated and analyzed. If these potential risks are within manageable limits then |
|mostly mitigated by incorporating measures like slope stabilization, and watershed management. |
| |
|Delay action dams should not cause large displacement of people and inundation of cultivable land and orchards. Small population, if |
|displaced, then should be properly compensated under market or kind compensation mechanisms. |
| |
|Intensive community consultations are needed for the site selection. The proponent should identify more than one alternative sites. |
|Comparative analyses of the sites are presented to the community and under open discussion consensus is achieved. |
| |
|Delay action dams may cause obstruction to the movement of commuting people and wild life. Alternate pathways and routes are provided in|
|the design to mitigate such impacts. |
| |
|Being relatively large structure, delay action dams always remain under the threat of wash away under heavy floods and torrential rains, |
|blockage due to the movement of large rocks, porous berms due to increase in mice population, poor maintenance, and fast silt |
|accumulation. These risks are mitigated by providing right capacity spillways, proper site selection, periodic removal of blockage |
|essentially after torrential rains, proper maintenance of berms, and watershed management. |
| |
|Communities in the surroundings and especially down stream communities are informed about the risks attached with the break down of the |
|dam and actions to be taken by the community in case of break down. |
| |
|Usually dams have specific impacts on downstream communities by changing the traditional flow pattern which affects the associated |
|benefits of downstream communities. Water distribution management plan is developed at early stages of planning and designing. |
|Furthermore, involvement of community at early stages is also needed to overcome the conflicts with communities at subsequent stages. |
| |
|Land may be required that is the responsibility of the community to provide. |
Page 2 of 3
Form A: IER/SIA for Delay Action Dam
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Height of the dam is less than or equal to 10 Meter. | |
|The dam will not cause large displacement of population. | |
|The dam does not inundate large cultivable land, orchards, and culturally and environmentally important site.| |
|No large settlement is located in the immediate vicinity, especially in case of break down and higher | |
|discharges from the spillways no down stream community will be inundated or affected. | |
|Land may be required | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance|
|or develop new alternative, or drop the project. If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Prepare geological, hydrological, topography, and soil erosion profile of the area and confirm that | |
|technically a safe dam can be constructed on the site, capable of handling the highest known flood, with a | |
|safety margin of 1.5. | |
|Conduct alternate site location, dam height, and risk management technical analyses for the project and | |
|report conclusions. | |
|Generate and incorporate verifiable information about the consultations conducted for the project, report the| |
|consensus and terms and conditions raised by the community for the project. | |
|Adopt proper market mechanism for the compensation of displacement of people, acquisition of land and other | |
|assets. | |
|Wherever possible use local labour and material for construction. | |
|Prepare Disaster Management Plan. Inform communities about the risks attached to break down and over flooding| |
|during floods and torrential rains. Train the communities for the possible actions to be taken at time of | |
|occurrence of such accident and event. | |
|Implement slope stabilization and watershed measures to control soil erosion and slope stabilization. | |
|Before the construction work is taken in hand appropriate warning signs must be conspicuously displayed for | |
|pedestrian and vehicle traffic to know that construction machinery is in operation. All traffic must be | |
|stopped at a safe distance during any blasting | |
|operation. | |
|If dam and reservoir obstruct the pathways and routes of commuters and wildlife then construct alternate | |
|pathways and routes for commuters and wild life. | |
|Develop and ensure the effective implementation of water management plan for water releases from the dam to | |
|serve the downstream communities. | |
|Prepare maintenance manual, and train communities accordingly for its implementation. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement social mitigation measures as required | |
Technological Interventions
Page 1 of 2
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Windmill (Water Pumps)
| |
|Serious depletion of ground water aquifers is happening due to higher level of ground water abstractions in non-irrigated areas in |
|general, and especially in following districts: |
| |
|Balochistan: Quetta, Pishin |
|NWFP: Karak, Kohat, Bannu, and D.I.Khan |
| |
|Installation of windmill in these districts needs special local level justification in the IER. |
| |
|Contaminated water with coliforms, fecal coliforms, florides, and nitrate causes moderate to high significance health impacts to the |
|community. Test reports are needed for these parameters for the nearby tube well, and at bore hole stage for the proposed windmill. |
| |
|High prevalence of arsenic contamination has been reported in the following districts of Pakistan: |
| |
|Punjab: Multan, R.Y. Khan, Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Sargodha, Jhang, Gujrat, and Jehlum |
|Sindh: Dadu, Khairpur, Nawabshah, and Tharparker |
|NWFP: Mardan |
| |
|These districts are on the negative list for the deep drinking water abstractions. For installing windmill in these districts under |
|local level urgencies and demands produce following test reports: |
| |
|Arsenic ground water test report for the nearest tube well under WHO guidelines |
|Arsenic ground water test report from the bore hole dug for the proposed windmill under WHO guidelines |
| |
|Individual negative environmental impacts of windmill are marginal on aquifers depletion; however, their cumulative impacts along with |
|other tube wells in the area are moderate to high. |
| |
|Health impacts due to use of contaminated water for drinking purposes are moderate to high for the community health. |
| |
|Identify more than one alternative site for installation of windmill and involve the community for suitable site selection. |
| |
|The windmill should be 30m away from nearest existing tube well. |
| |
|Land should be available |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER/SIA for Windmills
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|The project is not located in a district that is under the threat of aquifers depletion due to the abstraction of water by | |
|existing tube wells and windmills. | |
|No major safe drinking water source which can meet the population demands for safe drinking water supply is functioning within| |
|250 Meter diameter of the proposed location of the tube well and the proposed tube well is located 30 Meter away from the | |
|latrines and solid waste dumps. | |
|Test report of the nearest tube well for coliform, fecal coliform, nitrate, arsenic, and fluoride confirms that water quality | |
|in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines. | |
|Windmill is located about 50 Meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites. | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance or develop new |
|alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Attach the test report of the nearest tube well water quality with the proposal. | |
|Conduct water testing at borehole stage and confirm that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal coliform, nitrate, | |
|arsenic, and fluoride. Attach the test report with the completion report. | |
|Community is informed that the water tank needs to be cleaned every three months | |
|Ensure proper maintenance of windmill to avoid any risk to the community. | |
|Towers and blades should be transported and installed with due regard to third party and occupational safety. | |
|Installation of windmills should be avoided in the areas of frequent bird movements. | |
|Towers should be located at 30-100m, as per the height of the tower, away from the community. Windmill towers erection should | |
|follow the relevant engineering codes. | |
|The construction site must be fenced and sprinkled with water twice a day for dust suppression. | |
|Conduct SIA and sign agreement for donated land. | |
Page 1 of 2
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Micro Hydro – Less than 1 MW
| |
|Micro hydro should only be implemented with community consultations and consensus to avoid social conflicts. |
| |
|Micro hydro should not cause changes in the down stream flows, existing irrigation system and ensure that down stream users and fish |
|life is not disturbed. |
| |
|Soil erosion mitigation measures are mostly needed for most of the slopes linked to micro hydro. |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER/SIA for Micro-hydro Less than 1 MW
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|No change will occur in the downstream water flows and uses. | |
|Fish life in the area will not be disturbed. | |
|No serious soil erosion risks are attached to the project | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance|
|or develop new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Empirical information incorporated in the design, and completion reports to confirm that the project will not| |
|change the down stream flows, irrigation system, and water uses will not be affected by the project. | |
|Soil erosion is mitigated by constructing check dams, and earth retention walls, and other slope | |
|stabilization measures, such as stone pitching. | |
|Smooth sediment flows are ensured by design, implementation, and operations. | |
|Dispose off the construction waste safely. | |
|Involve the community at planning stage to avoid any social conflict at subsequent stages. | |
|Tail water must be disposed off in hydraulically safe manner. | |
|Occupational health of the workers and safety of surrounding population must be ensured during construction | |
|and operation. | |
|First aid guide lines against electric shock must conspicuously displayed and first aid kit made available in| |
|power house. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement land agreement form for donated land | |
Page 1 of 2
IER/SIA for Bridge
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting ER for Specific SSI
| |
|Under environmental criteria factors of disturbance to natural habitat, disruption to wildlife, and inconvenience to commuters are |
|considered for the site selection of the bridge. |
| |
|In some cases blasting is involved for clearing the right of way for the bridge. Blasting without proper arrangements and safeguards |
|can lead to injuries and life loses. There are standard safety procedures for blasting; these standards should be adopted by the |
|project. |
| |
|Bridge construction might involve acquisition of land, houses, buildings and other physical infrastructure. Wherever acquisition is |
|involved that should be executed with the consent of the stakeholders, and the stakeholders should be properly compensated at market |
|prices under the agreed rates between proponent and stakeholders. |
| |
|In most of the cases trees are cut to clear the right of way. Simple compensation for tree cutting is that plant two trees for every |
|tree cut. |
| |
|Dust emission during the construction is mitigated by periodic water sprinkling. |
| |
|Temporary safe alternate routes are provided to the commuters to ovoid inconvenience. |
| |
|Waste construction material, debris, and spoil heaps should be properly disposed. Generally waste construction material and debris are|
|thrown in the rivers/streams. This is seriously a wrong practice; it can cause blockage in water body and consequently local level |
|flooding. |
| |
|Communities in the vicinity are properly informed about the construction activity, timings, schedules, and safeguards for securing |
|community consent and avoiding any unpleasant accident. |
| |
Page 2 of 2
Form A: IER/SIA for Bridge
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|The proposed bridge does not open-up any ecologically sensitive and culturally important area. | |
|Construction of bridge will not lead to large-scale land erosion and slides. | |
|If answer to the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then most probably the bridge alignment or location needs to be changed. |
|The project can be implemented after complying the criterion. |
| |
|If all answers are in ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Prepare environmental profile of the area, the profile should provide information about the important | |
|ecological, cultural, reserve forests, bio-diversity, and other important features of the area. | |
|Inform communities about detailed activity plan, including alternate route during construction, secure | |
|community consent, and implement all the safeguards agreed with the community. | |
|Adopt safety measures for blasting. | |
|Minimize tree cutting, and plant two trees for every tree cut along the new road. | |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of on-site and alternate route water-sprinkling | |
|schedule. | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material and spoil heaps. | |
|Adopt engineering codes to design the bridge structure. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement land agreement form | |
Page 1 of 3
IER/SIA for Link Road – Mountain Area
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting ER for Specific SSI
| |
|Most important environmental threat associated with the link roads in mountain areas is that they might open-up ecologically sensitive |
|and important areas such as reserve forests, bio-diversity areas etc. Access to these areas lead to exploitation of important natural |
|resources. These resources are performing known and unknown multiple ecological functions. No community development project is |
|allowed to threaten such important areas. It is strategically attempted not to open-up these areas. |
| |
|Second most important negative environmental impact attached to link roads in mountain areas is that the construction of such roads |
|lead to serious land erosion and landslides. This impact is mostly mitigated by up and down stream slope stabilization, thick |
|vegetation, and by using lightweight rollers or other manual means of compaction. |
| |
|In some cases blasting is involved for clearing the right of way for the road. Blasting without proper arrangements and safeguards can|
|lead to injuries and life loss. There are standard safety procedures for blasting; proponent should adopt these procedures. |
| |
|Link road construction might involve land acquisition, houses, buildings and other physical infrastructure. Wherever acquisition is |
|involved that should be executed with the consent of the stakeholders, and the stakeholders should be properly compensated at market |
|prices under the agreed rates between proponent and stakeholders or any other arrangement agreed on consensus basis among stakeholders.|
| |
|In most of the cases trees are cut to clear the right of way. Simple compensation for tree cutting is that plant two trees for every |
|tree cut. |
| |
|Link road repair or construction can lead to down stream slope destabilization and soil erosion. This environmental impact is normally |
|mitigated by: construction in dry seasons, using pre-stress structures, in case of on-site construction of slab light weight rollers or|
|manual compaction means are used, and earth works are executed for the stabilization of downstream works. |
| |
|Page 2 of 3 |
| |
| |
|Dust emission during the construction is mitigated by periodic water sprinkling. |
| |
|Temporary safe alternate routes are provided to the commuters to ovoid inconvenience. |
| |
|Waste construction material and debris should be properly managed. Generally waste construction material and debris are thrown on the |
|downstream slopes. This is seriously a wrong practice; it can cause inconvenience and accidents for the downstream communities along |
|with marginal ecological losses. |
| |
|Downstream communities are properly informed about the construction activity, timings, schedules, and safeguards for securing community|
|consent and avoiding any unpleasant accident. |
Page 3 of 3
Form A: IER/SIA for Link Road – Mountain Area
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|The proposed road alignment does not open-up any ecologically sensitive and important area. | |
|Construction of road will not lead to large-scale land erosion and slides. | |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Prepare environmental profile of the area, the profile should provide information about the important | |
|ecological, cultural, reserve forests, bio-diversity, and other important features of the area. | |
|Inform the concerned communities about detailed activity plan including alternate route during construction, | |
|secure community consent, and implement all the safeguards agreed with the community. | |
|Adopt safety measures for blasting. | |
|Minimize tree cutting, and plant two trees for every tree cut. | |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of on-site and alternate route water-sprinkling | |
|schedule. | |
|Properly manage waste construction material. | |
|Conduct SIA and implement Social mitigation including signing of agreement on land | |
Wastewater Management
Page 1 of 3
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Sanitation Schemes
| |
|General: There are two sets of arrangements for the safe disposal of municipal wastewater (i) Latrines + T-hodies + Covered |
|Drains/Sewerage System + Safe Disposal, and (ii) Latrines + Covered Drains/Sewerage System + Oxidation Pond + Safe Disposal. Both |
|arrangements if properly constructed do the desired level of treatment. After this level of treatment the wastewater can be discharged|
|to any natural water body, municipal and irrigation system. In case, if the water is discharged to an irrigation system then make it |
|sure that water is not applied to vegetable crops. |
| |
|Latrines: Conventional or flush latrines should be linked with P-traps; this will substantially reduce the possibilities of spread and |
|contact of pathogens and other pollutants with the humans at the household level. Health improvement impact of effective latrines is |
|only realized if the community is also trained on better hygienic and sanitation practices e.g. washing hands with soap after |
|defecation, no open defecation in and outside house, and daily or twice a day cleaning of latrine. |
| |
|Septic Tank: There are two alternatives for the treatment of wastewater (i) Wastewater can be treated at the household level by |
|installing septic tanks. In the presence of septic tanks, there is no need to construct oxidation ponds. It is important that septic |
|tank should be lined with concrete, unlined septic tanks cause groundwater contamination. The community needs to be trained for the |
|proper cleaning and maintenance of the septic tank. |
| |
|Drains: Open drains do not serve the purpose of safe sanitation. In |
|open drains the possibility of human-pollution contact remain high, these drains only serve the purpose of conveyance, and throughout |
|conveyance human-pollution interaction remain active. This interaction causes serious negative impacts on the community health. |
|Whenever drains will be improved or lined then these must be converted into covered drains. During construction of drains, alternative |
|drainage system is provided to reduce the inconvenience to the community and reducing the possibility of human-pollution interaction. |
|Water is sprinkled periodically throughout the construction period for controlling dust emission. At the completion of the |
|construction work, the debris of construction material should be properly disposed. |
| |
|Page 2 of 3 |
| |
|Oxidation Ponds: Depth of the pond determines about the type of treatment process happening in the pond. Normally facultative ponds |
|are 3-4 ft deep, and treatment happens through anaerobic conditions at the bottom and aerobic conditions at the surface. Anaerobic |
|ponds are 10-15 ft deep, and treatment happens through anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic ponds more or less function as septic tank. |
|Lining of both types of ponds is essential to eliminate the possibilities of groundwater contamination due to seepage. Brick or |
|concrete lining is very expensive, 6 inches lining by puddle clay is equally effective by function and it is also very cost effective. |
|In case facultative or anaerobic pond has been constructed then there is no need to construct septic tanks at the household level. |
Page 3 of 3
Form A: IER/SIA for Sanitation Schemes
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|One of the complete alternative stated in the guidelines for safe disposal is planned | |
|Or | |
|In case one of the component of the alternatives is planned then other components either exist or are planned in the | |
|future | |
|Proposed oxidation pond is located 100 meter away from the residential areas | |
|Land available at appropriate location | |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance or develop |
|new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Latrines | |
|Install P-traps to both conventional and flush latrines | |
|Train community on better hygienic and sanitation practices | |
|T-Hodies or Septic Tank | |
|Line the T-hodies or septic tank with brick or concrete lining | |
|Inform community about the frequency of cleaning | |
|Drains | |
|Construct only covered drains | |
|Keep water supply pipelines away from drains | |
|Sprinkle water periodically during construction | |
|Provide alternate drains during construction | |
|Oxidation Pond | |
|Line the pond with 6 inches puddle clay | |
|Inform community about the pond cleaning method and frequency | |
|Inform community and ensure that the treated wastewater will not be applied to the vegetable crops | |
|Septic tank should be kept 15 m away from ground water well (EPA NWFP Guidelines) | |
|Conduct SIA for all components and implement land agreement forms. | |
Integrated Projects
Page 1 of 6
Environmental Guidelines for Conducting IER/SIA for Area Up-grading
| |
|General: Area up-gradation is comprised of sanitation (latrines, septic tank, drains/sewerage, and oxidation pond), water supply, |
|street surfacing, solid waste management, landscaping, and any other CPI intervention. Under the environmental criteria integration of|
|these CPI in one integrated framework is more beneficial. These CPI’s in their individual capacity only qualify for ER. It is |
|anticipated that owing to the integrated size of the intervention an IER is required for the intervention. Following are the detailed |
|guidelines by each component of Area Up-grading: |
| |
|A-Sanitation: There are two sets of arrangements for the safe disposal of municipal wastewater (i) Latrines + Septic Tank + Covered |
|Drains/Sewerage System + Safe Disposal, and (ii) Latrines + Covered Drains/Sewerage System + Oxidation Pond + Safe Disposal. Both |
|arrangements if properly constructed do the desired level of treatment. After this level of treatment the wastewater can be discharged|
|to any natural water body, municipal and irrigation system. In case, if the water is discharged to an irrigation system then make it |
|sure that water is not applied to vegetable crops. |
| |
|Latrines: Conventional or flush latrines should be linked with P-traps; this will substantially reduce the possibilities of spread and |
|contact of pathogens and other pollutants with the humans at the household level. Health improvement impact of effective latrines is |
|only realized if the community is also trained on better hygienic and sanitation practices e.g. washing hands with soap after |
|defecation, no open defecation in and outside house, and daily or twice a day cleaning of latrine. |
| |
|Septic Tank: There are two alternatives for the treatment of wastewater (i) Wastewater can be treated at the household level by |
|installing septic tanks. In the presence of septic tanks, there is no need to construct oxidation ponds. It is important that septic |
|tank should be lined with concrete, unlined septic tanks cause groundwater contamination. The community needs to be trained for the |
|proper cleaning and maintenance of the septic tank. |
| |
|Drains: Open drains do not serve the purpose of safe sanitation. In |
|open drains the possibility of human-pollution contact remain high, these drains only serve the purpose of conveyance, and throughout |
| |
|conveyance human-pollution interaction remains active. This interaction causes serious negative impacts on the community health. |
|Whenever drains will be improved or lined then these must be converted into covered drains. During construction of drains, alternative |
|drainage system is provided to reduce the inconvenience to the community and reducing the possibility of human-pollution interaction. |
| |
|Water is sprinkled periodically throughout the construction period for controlling dust emission. At the completion of the |
|construction work, the debris of construction material should be properly disposed. |
| |
|Oxidation Ponds: Depth of the pond determines about the type of treatment process happening in the pond. Normally facultative ponds |
|are 3-4 ft deep, and treatment happens through anaerobic conditions at the bottom and aerobic conditions at the surface. Anaerobic |
|ponds are 10-15 ft deep, and treatment happens through anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic ponds more or less function as septic tank. |
|Lining of both types of ponds is essential to eliminate the possibilities of groundwater contamination due to seepage. Brick or |
|concrete lining is very expensive, 6 inches lining by puddle clay is equally effective by function and it is also very cost effective. |
|In case facultative or anaerobic pond has been constructed then there is no need to construct septic tanks at the household level. |
| |
|B-Water Supply: The proponent of the project might include the installation of a tube well for the drinking water supply. Following |
|are the guidelines for the installation of the tube well: |
| |
|Serious depletion of ground water aquifers is happening due to over abstraction of ground water in non-irrigated areas in general, and |
|especially in following districts: |
| |
|Balochistan: Quetta, Pishin |
|NWFP: Karak, Kohat, Bannu, and D.I.Khan |
| |
|Installation of drinking water tube well in these districts needs special local level justification on the basis of local level |
|hydrology empirical data that confirms that the aquifer will not be depleted due to this intervention. |
| |
|Contaminated water with coliform, fecal coliform, fluorides, and nitrate causes moderate to high significance health impacts to the |
|community. Test reports are needed for these parameters for the nearby tube well, and at bore hole stage for the proposed drinking |
|water tube well. |
| |
|High prevalence of arsenic contamination has been reported in the following districts of Pakistan: |
| |
| |
|Punjab: Multan, R.Y. Khan, Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Sargodha, Jhang, Gujrat, and Jehlum |
|Sindh: Dadu, Khairpur, Nawabshah, and Tharparker |
|NWFP: Mardan |
| |
|These districts are on the negative list for the drinking water tube wells. For installing drinking water tube well in these districts|
|under local level urgencies and demands produce following test reports: |
| |
|Arsenic ground water test report for the nearest tube well under WHO guidelines |
|Arsenic ground water test report from the bore hole dug for the proposed tube well under WHO guidelines |
| |
|Individual negative environmental impacts of drinking water tube wells are marginal on depletion of aquifers; however, their cumulative|
|impacts are moderate to high. |
| |
|Health impacts due to use of contaminated water for drinking purposes are moderate to high for the community health. |
| |
|C-Street Surfacing: |
| |
|Dust emission during street surfacing/lining is the most common environmental issue. Water spray on the construction site and |
|alternate route for the commuters is the easiest method for controling dust. Along with this periodic compaction of the soil at the |
|street under surfacing/lining and alternate route. |
| |
|Construction waste is normally left at the site. Construction waste should be properly disposed after the completion. |
| |
|D-Solid Waste Management: |
| |
|Solid waste bins, if not properly located, designed, and managed, become threats to community health. Location of solid waste bins can|
|also lead to social conflict in the community. The community must be fully involved while deciding the locations of solid baste bins. |
| |
|Odour from the bins is managed by timely pick-up of solid waste. Bins should be covered to prevent the access of vectors. |
| |
|Burning of the solid waste at the bin site is the general practice of municipal workers. It is hazardous and can cause serious health |
|hazards for the community. Community must be informed about hazards of the solid waste burning. |
| |
|Small bins are mostly located in front of common walls of houses and maximum possible distance from the boundary wall to avoid the |
|social conflicts. Large bins are located 100 meter away from the residential areas in rural areas, and near the open spaces in the |
|built-up or urban area. |
Page 5 of 6
Form A: IER/SIA for Area Up-grading
|Project Title | |
|Location of the Project | |
| |Confirmation |
|Environmental Criteria at the Proposal Stage | |
| |Write Yes or No |
|Sanitation Components | |
|One of the complete alternative stated in the guidelines for safe disposal is planned | |
|Or | |
|In case one of the components of the alternatives is planned then other components must either exist or are | |
|planned to be put in place within a specified time period. | |
|Proposed oxidation pond is located 100 meter away from the residential areas. Construction of community septic | |
|tanks is not a recommended alternative. However, in case it remains the only option available owing to scarcity | |
|of land etc. such tanks must be located at least 100m away from the main settlement and their effluent must be | |
|disposed of in conformity with National Environmental Quality Standards, (NEQS). | |
|Water Supply Components | |
|The project is not located in a district that is under the threat of aquifers depletion due to the abstraction | |
|of water by existing tube wells and windmills | |
|No major safe drinking water source which can meet the population demands for safe drinking water supply is | |
|functioning within 250 meter diameter of the proposed location of the tube well and the proposed tube well is | |
|located 30 meter away from the latrines and solid waste dumps | |
|Test report of the nearest tube well for coliform, fecal coliform, nitrate, arsenic, and fluoride confirms that | |
|water quality in the area is not contaminated by any of the contaminant as per WHO guidelines | |
|Tube well is located about 50 meter away from cultural and environmentally sensitive sites | |
|Solid Waste Management | |
|Community has approved the location of the solid waste bins without any social conflict | |
| |
| |
|If answer to any of the above stated environmental criterion is ‘NO’ then the proponent should amend the proposal to achieve compliance or |
|develop new alternative, or drop the project. |
| |
|If the answer is ‘Yes’ then incorporate this information in the project proposal. |
Page 6 of 6
|Mitigation Plan: Design and Implementation Stages |
|Latrines | |
|Install P-traps to both conventional and flush latrines | |
|Train community on better hygienic and sanitation practices | |
|T-Chambers or Septic Tank | |
|Line the T-Chambers or septic tank with brick or concrete lining | |
|Inform community about the frequency of cleaning .Do not allow the drinking water supply pipes to pass through| |
|or under the T-Chambers/Septic tanks. Align these lines to pass at least 0.5 m away from such facilities. | |
|Drains | |
|Construct only covered drains | |
|Sprinkle water periodically during construction | |
|Provide alternate drains during construction | |
|Oxidation Pond | |
|Line the pond with 6 inches puddle clay | |
|Inform community about the pond cleaning method and frequency | |
|Inform community and ensure that the treated wastewater will not be applied to the vegetable crops | |
|Water Supply | |
|Attach the test report of the nearest tube well water quality with the proposal | |
|Conduct water testing at borehole stage and confirm that the water is not contaminated by coliform, fecal | |
|coliform, nitrate, arsenic, and fluoride. Attach test report with the completion report | |
|Community is informed that the water tank needs to be cleaned every three months | |
|Keep water supply pipelines away from drains and sewers. | |
|Street Surfacing | |
|Provide and instruct the contractor about the schedule of water spray and compaction of both street under | |
|surfacing/lining and alternate route | |
|Properly dispose waste construction material | |
|Solid Waste Management | |
|Locate small bins in front of common walls and at a maximum possible distance from the boundary wall | |
|Locate large bins at distance of 100 meter from residential areas or near the open space in the area | |
|Train communities on solid waste management, hazardous and non-hazardous waste, impacts of solid waste | |
|burning, methods of waste reduction, composting, reuse, and recycling | |
5: Initial Environmental (and Social) Examination
Definition of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) stated in Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is as follows:
“Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is a preliminary review of the reasonably foreseeable qualitative & quantitative impacts of a proposed project on environment to determine whether it is likely to cause an adverse effect for requiring preparation of an environmental impact assessment.”
5.1 IEE Format
IEE is an important tool for incorporating environmental concerns at the project level. IEE should be carried out for those PPAF interventions that qualify for IEE under Table 2.1. IEE is prepared at the project planning stage as part of feasibility study to ensure that the project is also feasible under environmental criteria.
In general, PPAF funded projects rarely require an IEE as a part of their environmental assessment. At present only one type of project that is ‘Micro-hydel – 1 to 5 MW’ requires an IEE.
Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997 proposes a standard format for IEE. The same format is adopted for conducting IEE for the selected PPAF interventions. Following is the standard format for conducting IEE:
A Executive Summary
Provide an executive summary where the IEE is more than 30 pages long.
B Introduction
This section will include the following:
• Purpose of the report, including identification of the project and the Proponent (including a contact person, and details of any consultant associated with the IEE preparation), a brief description of the nature, size, and location of the project, and other pertinent background information.
• Extent of the IEE study, scope of the study, magnitude of effort, persons performing the study.
C Description of project
Furnish sufficient details to give a brief but clear picture of the following (include only applicable items):
• Type and category of project
• Objectives of project
• Alternatives considered, and reasons for their rejection.
• Location (use maps and photographs showing general location, specific location and project site layout. Include land uses on the site and surroundings, details of population centers and nearby dwellings, road access, topographic and vegetation features of the site, and other sensitive land uses such as national parks, wild life reserves or archaeological sites.
• Size or magnitude of the operation, including capital cost, and associated activities. Proposed schedule for implementation.
• Description of the project, including drawings showing project layout, components of the project, etc. This information should be of the same extent as is included in feasibility reports, in order to give a clear picture of the project, its context and its operations.
• Details of restoration and rehabilitation plans at the end of the project life.
• Government approvals and leases required by the project.
D Description of the environment (in area affected by project)
Furnish sufficient information to give a brief but clear picture of the existing environmental resources including the following (to the extent applicable, including photographs where relevant):
• physical resources topography, soil, climate, surface water, groundwater, geology /seismology;
• ecological resources fisheries, aquatic biology, wildlife, forests, rare or endangered species;
• human and economic development where applicable including, but not limited to:
o population and communities- numbers , locations(summarize information in map form),composition, employment
o industries, including known major development proposals
o infrastructure, including water supply, sewerage, flood control/drainage, etc.
o institutions
o transportation–roads , rail, harbours, airports, navigable rivers
o land use planning-including dedicated use areas
o power sources and transmission;
o agricultural and mineral development.
o quality of life values (including, but not limited to):
o socio-economic values
o public health
o recreational resources and development
o aesthetic values
o archaeological or historic treasures
o cultural values
E Screening of potential environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures
Using the Sector specific guidelines, which contain a checklist of environmental parameters for different sectors, screen out “no significant impacts” from those with significant adverse impact by reviewing each relevant parameter according to the following factors or operational stages. Mitigation measures, where applicable, will also be recommended:
• environmental/social problems due to project location;
• environmental/social problems related to design;
• environmental/social problems associated with the construction stage;
• environmental/social problems resulting from project operations;
• potential environmental/social enhancement measures; and
• additional considerations.
F Environmental/Social monitoring program and institutional requirement
This section of the report must describe the management plan and monitoring surveillance programs, including periodic progress reports to be established and continued by the proponent following granting of environmental approval. The Responsible Authority must be assured that all necessary environmental protection measures are carried out in future as planned. The program must be accompanied by the details of the institutional capacity of the proponent, including staff training and equipment which will be provided to ensure implementation and operations.
G Conclusions
This section will include an evaluation of the screening process and should highlight whether significant environmental impacts exist which need further detailed study or an EIA. The IEE report should present the conclusions of the study briefly and concisely.
6: Environmental/Social Impact Assessment (EIA/SIA)
Definition of Environmental Impact Assessment stated in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 as follows:
“Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an environmental study comprising collection of data, prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts, comparison of alternatives, evaluation of preventive, mitigation and compensatory measures, formulation of environmental management and training plans and monitoring arrangements, and framing of recommendations and such other components as may be prescribed.”
“Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a study to assess social impacts of a certain intervention and measures to ensure that all segments of society benefit with minimum negative impact
SIA will be conducted in addition to EIA for all projects that require EIA. However, SIA will also be conducted for other intervention as provided in Table 2.1 but the SIA is not expected to be a complicated one, where the project impact is minimum.
EIA is a policy and management tool for both planning and decision-making. EIA assists to identify, predict, evaluate and mitigate the foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed development projects.
EIA helps the decision makers to take into consideration the economic, social and environmental impacts of the project and decide accordingly. EIA is a process that provides information on the negative impacts of the development and suggests measures to mitigate them in order to minimize the adverse impacts.
In general, PPAF funded projects rarely require an EIA as a part of their environmental assessment. However, the following projects, depending upon scope and size, are subject to an EIA prior approval:
• Micro-hydel – More than 5 MW
• Drought mitigation & preparedness projects
6.1 Legal Justification of EIA
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 is the basic legislative tool empowering the government to frame regulations for the protection of the environment. For new development projects the Act demands an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to be filed with the environmental protection agency for review and approval prior to project construction. On the policy side, the Environmental Assessment Guideline package was prepared in 1997 and the EIA/IEE regulations were issued in the year 2000 which provide a firm legal status to environmental impact assessments.
According to Section 12, of Pakistan Environment Protection Act (PEPA) 1997:
“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Federal or Provincial Agency an initial environmental examination or, where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Federal or Provincial Agency approval in respect thereof”
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) has prepared an EIA package, consisting of the general guidelines and Sector specific guidelines. The general guidelines include: a) policy and procedure for filing, review and approval of the environmental assessment; b) guidelines for preparation and review of environmental reports; c) guidelines for public consultation; d) guidelines for sensitive and critical areas; and e) environmental legislation and NEQS. The sector specific guidelines relevant for PPAF interventions are: municipal waste disposal; new township development; major roads; water supply projects; and sewerage schemes. In addition, NWFP-EPA and Balochistan-EPA have also prepared draft EIA guidelines for industrial sector, urban environment, forestry sector, and agriculture sector.
6.2 Essential Steps of EIA
In preparing any environmental impact assessment, the following essential steps must be undertaken:
1) Establish the objectives of the proposed activity.
2) Establish the need
3) Assess the options and select the preferred option (the proposed activity)
4) Define the activity
5) Check the zoning
6) Undertake the assessment
7) Establish the link to environmental management measures.
6.3 Guidelines for Conducting an EIA
The guidelines for conducting an EIA for PPAF interventions are compiled by summarizing the PEPA EIA guidelines.
In order to follow the guidelines, understanding of the following basic definitions is pre-requisite:
1) Environmental components include geology, topography, soils, water resources, air quality, fauna, flora, biodiversity, ecosystems, economics, culture, religion, and local values.
2) Environmental impact essentially means deviations from a baseline situation (adverse/ beneficial, cumulative, direct, indirect, short, medium, long, irreversible, and reversible).
3) Assessment includes identifying/ predicting impacts, quantifying them, and assessing their significance.
The basic outline of the environmental impact assessment will address the following issues for evaluating the impacts of development. An EIA report shall, at a minimum, include complete information on the following topics:
A. Title and Executive Summary (include addresses and telephone numbers of the applicant(s), representative, and EIA preparer)
B. Project Description
1) Purpose and Justification
2) Location (including maps and lot numbers)
3) Proposed construction actions
C. Existing Environmental Setting (Baseline information including historical data)
1) Natural Environment
a. Physical features (e.g. climate, topographic maps, geology)
b. Natural Resources
i. Water
ii. Soils
iii. Biological
iv. Unique Feature, (e.g. wetlands, etc.)
c. Habitat
d. Plants
e. Animals
2) Human Environment
a. Land Use (e.g. zoning, land use plans, etc.)
b. Existing Infrastructure
i. Water
ii. Sewer
iii. Power
iv. Roads (access)
v. Drainage
c. Unique Features (e.g. archaeological/cultural)
D. Alternatives (Considered/Selected)
1) Alternative locations
2) Alternative designs/site layouts
3) No Action Alternative
4) Preferred alternative (and reasons for selection)
E. Alternatives compared (impact analysis/comparative matrix)
F. Project Impacts (preferred alternative)
1) Construction impacts
a. Permanent
b. Temporary
2) Operational
a. Direct
b. Indirect
3) Social/Cultural impacts
a. Infrastructure impacts
b. Cost of Living
c. Quality of Life
4) Cumulative Impacts (similar or dissimilar projects with observed or predicted impacts)
5) Estimate the significance or magnitude of environmental impacts and identify relevant criteria utilized to determine significance.
a. Based on existing statute, regulation or standard
b. Based on information specific to this study
c. Compared to existing studies
6) Determine if the project requires an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) based on Section F or a finding of no significant impact.
G. Mitigation - (Measures proposed to avoid, reduce or compensate for project impacts which are not significant)
1) Construction mitigation
a. Description of each proposed mitigation technique
b. Effectiveness of mitigation
c. Environmental monitoring
2) Operational mitigation
a. Description of each proposed technique
b. Effectiveness
c. Environmental monitoring
H. Compliance with environmental statutes and regulations
1) Water
2) Air
3) Pesticides
4) Solid and Hazardous Wastes
5) Protected or endangered species
6) Protected habitat
I. Conclusions
J. Appendices (supporting data)
1) Baseline Studies/Surveys
2) Infrastructure Engineering Reports
3) Archaeological Survey
4) Other Data/Reports
6.4 Guidelines for Conducting SIA
A. For Land
1. Description of the land donated, area, owner (attaché signed agreement)
2. Is the land donated voluntarily?
3. Were consultations held with community for land donation by the PO?
4. What encumbrances on the land, describe?
5. What are the negative social impacts? (any loss of asset, infrastructure, livelihood or vulnerable)
6. What are the mitigation measures?
7. Are vulnerable persons losing livelihood compensated by community?
8. Is a local conflict resolution mechanism available to affected persons? Is the mechanism transparent, representative and accessible? explain
B. For all Interventions ( describe the following)
1. Socio economic analysis of the project area
2. Magnitude of the social impact negative and positive as a result of the project intervention (details of all impacts on land, infrastructure, community property, natural resources, human, culture, social capital, cohesion etc.)
3. Who are the stakeholders, describe.
4. Any safety aspects of the intervention?
5. What is the impact on women/girls and other vulnerable groups
6. Does the intervention involve any potential conflict?
7. Any negative health impact as a result of intervention?
8. Were consultations held with the community for the selection of intervention? What were the issues discussed.
9. Does any conflict resolution mechanism available for the community?
10. Is community aware of any negative impact of the intervention?
11. What are the mitigation measures recommended as result of the consultation?
7: Completion Certificate
Completion certificate labelled as Form-B is required to be attached with the completion report to get a confirmation from the executing PO and its team about the incorporation of the required primary and secondary information at the proposal stage and implementation of the proposed mitigation plans for each CPI.
The reporting person will report in ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ against the two indicators. In case of reporting ‘No’ the reporting person is instructed to report the reason of non-compliance.
Form-B has been proposed as a standard Completion Certificate for all types of environmental assessments. In the case of E/SR and IER it is the maximum requirement, however in the case of IEE and EIA/SIA it is the minimum requirement. IEE and EIA/SIA can demand additional information at the completion of the project.
Four persons will sign the Completion Certificate. Three belong to the PO and project teams and one person from the community organization. It is important to note that verification by the community organization person is required to confirm that the community organization understands the importance of environmental aspects and impacts and has verified that the same have been incorporated during the project implementation.
Standard Completion Certificate is presented on the next page.
Form B: Completion Certificate
|Mitigation Measures |Confirmation |In case of non-compliance state reasons |
| |Write Yes or No | |
|Primary and secondary information has been generated | | |
|and incorporated in the proposal to confirm that | | |
|intervention qualifies the minimum criteria | | |
| | | |
|Design and implementation stage mitigation measures | | |
|have been implemented | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|Environmental/Social Assessment Prepared |Name: | |
|By | |Date: |
| |Designation: | |
|Environmental/Social Assessment |Name: | |
|Implemented By | |Date: |
| |Designation: | |
|Implementation Verified By CO |Name: | |
|Representative | |Date: |
| |Designation: | |
|Environmental/Social Assessment |Name: | |
|Implementation Report Checked By | |Date: |
| |Designation: | |
8: Dissemination, Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan
8.1 Dissemination Strategies
Dissemination Strategy-1: Strengthen the capabilities of POs and PPAF units’ teams on the subject of environment and social.
Description: PPAF Units Teams and POs can be strengthened on the subject of environment by organizing training and dissemination events at all levels i.e. national, provincial, and local. Along with training the other most important element will be the provision of dissemination and background materials. In this regard services of WWF-Pakistan can be used.
It is also proposed that PPAF will further streamline its environmental activities by targeting to achieve ISO 14000 certification. The other important action will be to incorporate the recommendations of ESMF in the Community Physical Infrastructure Manual.
PPAF also need to strengthen its technical capabilities by outsourcing research on technically complex issues, for example, application of municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes. WWF-Pakistan will assist PPAF for conducting technical researches.
Dissemination Strategy-2: Establish multipurpose provincial/regional networks of PO’s with special focus on environmental and social compliance.
Description: At present PPAF broad organizational arrangement is both vertical and horizontal. At the apex level PPAF facilitates POs for all the developmental interventions; PPAF also does the function of fund raising and disbursement; this arrangement will be classified as vertical. Organizational arrangement between POs and communities is horizontal by nature.
Under PPAF organizational set-up both the organizational arrangements are working quite well, and delivering large scale of success throughout Pakistan. Most of the POs look at PPAF for every aspect of project execution i.e. proposal, funding, implementation, and completion. After nine years of successful experience, a lot of knowledge and experience are available with different POs operating within the same province/region. These POs will learn from each other and will also help each other as development partners for the same area. PPAF has already established Sindh Coastal Areas Network (SCAN) with the same type of objectives. The idea will be replicated in other regions of Pakistan for environmental/social objectives. It is proposed that POs will make serious attempts to establish multipurpose provincial/regional networks. Major mandate of the network is as proposed:
➢ Develop regional development master plans to synchronize the development;
➢ Pool human and physical resources under market mechanisms;
➢ Organize dissemination and discussion events on common provincial/regional issues, and to share experiences;
➢ Develop joint proposals for development projects as consortium; and
➢ Organize training arrangements on common development issues including environment.
Establishment of networks for only environmental/social reasons will be very light mandate. Environment and Social will run across all the development activities planned by the provincial/regional networks.
Dissemination Strategy-3: Organize environmental dissemination and training events on the basis of proposed action plan.
Description: Environmental events are organized in a logical framework and in a logical sequence at different levels i.e. national, provincial, and local. Action plan proposes a first year logical sequencing of the dissemination events. This plan needs to be implemented in the first year. Plan for the next year will be prepared on the basis of the experiences of the first year.
In these environmental events ESMF will be disseminated in its comprehensiveness rather than as a procedure. This implies that dissemination and training will focus on the dissemination and training in the perspective of poverty-environment nexus, and complete cycle of PPAF environmental safeguards that is comprised of environmental/social mitigation plan, implementation of mitigation plan, environmental reporting, and environmental/social monitoring and auditing.
Dissemination Strategy-4: Do networking with the national and provincial environmental and social institutions.
Description: PPAF will invite Ministry of Environment, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, and Provincial Environmental Protection agencies/departments in the PPAF events. Planning and Development departments of NWFP and Balochistan governments are already in the process of implementing provincial conservation strategies. Sindh and Punjab Planning and Development departments are planning to embark on such policies. These departments will also be in contact with PPAF. World Union for Conservation (IUCN) and World Wide Fund-Pakistan have done large amount of work for the environmental development at the national, provincial, and regional levels. These NGOs will provide large amount of environmental data and guidance to PPAF and POs on diversified environmental related subjects and issues. PPAF will bring these NGOs on board by organizing briefing sessions.
8.2 Enforcement Strategies
Enforcement starts by developing specific, clear, simple and consensus based enforcement procedures. ESMF qualifies the stated criteria. After the launch of ESMF, its enforcement then depends on the capabilities of PPAF and POs on environmental issues. Capabilities of PPAF and POs will be certainly enhanced after implementing above stated dissemination strategies. Once the capabilities are developed then the most important element of enforcement is the continuous follow-up through environmental reporting and monitoring. Strategies presented below focus on environmental reporting and monitoring for the effective enforcement of ESMF.
Enforcement Strategy-1: Start an enhanced environmental reporting regime.
Description: As per ESMF procedure POs are instructed to prepare the environmental records in the form of mitigation plans and completion certificates. In the National Consultative Workshop participants recommended that POs will prepare quarterly environmental compliance reports. These reports will enable PPAF and POs to assess the overall compliance levels. To facilitate and start the process of quarterly reporting, PPAF will also commit to POs that on the basis of the POs quarterly reports PPAF would publish annual environmental compliance report.
Enforcement Strategy-2: Periodic internal monitoring by PPAF Units and ESMG.
Description: PPAF units’ officials make period visits to POs for on-field facilitation and monitoring. It is planned that along with other field monitoring the units’ officials will also make it mandatory to review the environmental reports during the periodic visits of the PO and projects. It is also planned that PPAF Environmental Management Group will make quarterly visits of the selected POs for the field facilitation and monitoring of the ESMF compliance, leading to the preparation of environmental mitigation completion certificates for verification and approval by the ESMG.
Enforcement Strategy-3: Outsource the annual ESMF monitoring to an Eminent Environmental Organization.
Description: PPAF is a facilitating organization, owing to its designed functions as facilitator PPAF is operating with a small team. By size in comparison to its mandate PPAF qualifies as a lean and smart organization. It will maintain this form for continuously qualifying the organizational sustainability criteria. Due to nine years of successful operations of PPAF many new financiers with new developmental initiatives are attracted towards PPAF. Best example in this regard is the task of reconstruction and rehabilitation of earthquake-affected areas. It is anticipated that many such new initiatives will land on the platform of PPAF in future also. PPAF will be strategically clear that it would increase its capabilities and capacities for increasing its facilitation functions.
In the past, PPAF adopted the path of outsourcing for the specialised tasks, for example, preparation of Drought Areas Development Program, and preparation of ESMF. PPAF has already signed a Memorandum of Understanding with WWF-Pakistan. PPAF will hire the services of WWF-Pakistan or a similar organization for external annual monitoring. The focus of the annual external monitoring will be to assess the process landmarks of the ESMF such as mitigation plans implementation and completion certificates; as well as the assessment of the actual issues on ground with the implementation of mitigation plans and ESMF compliance.
8.3 Dissemination & Enforcement Action Plan
8.3.1 Definitions & Scope of Dissemination Events and Materials
(i) Seminar
A large-scale event organized to disseminate the specific information to the relevant target groups through discussions and presentations is called ‘seminar’. In seminars subject/issue specific experts are invited to make presentations on the pre-selected themes. Under this action plan, national and provincial seminars will be organized on the following themes:
➢ Drinking water quality, supply, and sanitation
➢ Irrigation efficiencies in arid, semi-arid, and mountain areas of Pakistan
➢ Groundwater depletion in arid zones of Pakistan
➢ Use of municipal wastewater for irrigation
➢ Construction of link roads in plain and mountain areas
➢ Integrated projects for area up-grading
(ii) Workshop
An event organized for a selected group of people with the aim to provide clear understanding through presentations, practical demonstrations and exercises is called workshop. The workshop has also an education element in its design. In the scope of this action plan following workshops will be organized at the national, provincial, and local levels:
➢ National workshop on ESMF compliance, success stories, and lessons learned from failures
➢ Provincial workshop on ESMF compliance, success stories, and lessons learned from failures
➢ Local workshops on regional environmental issues
Out of the above mentioned workshops, National and Provincial level work shops will be organized by PPAF, whereas Local level workshops by the POs.
(iii) Roundtable
Roundtables are organized to bring all the stakeholders on board on specific issues. Roundtables provide opportunities to each stakeholder to contribute on the specific issues, and in the end an integrated consensus based approach is developed for resolving the issues came under discussion. Major stakeholders of PPAF network for environmental issues are: PPAF, POs, World Bank, Other financing institutions, local governments, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan and Provincial EPAs, provincial planning departments, Earthquake Reconstruction & Rehabilitation Agency (ERRA), and large environmental NGOs, etc. PPAF will organize roundtables on the following issues:
➢ Challenges of Millennium Development Goals for water supply and sanitation and role of PPAF
➢ Natural resource management at the grass root level through PPAF interventions
➢ Reconstruction and rehabilitation of earthquake areas
It is essential that the proceedings of the all the above-stated events will be prepared and circulated to all the participants of the events and relevant stakeholders. It is also proposed that participants’ feedback will be recorded with respect to the quality, content, relevance, and logistical arrangements of the events. A sample feedback form is attached as Annexure 8.1 for reference purposes.
(iv) Reference Material and User Guidelines
This document provides detailed background material relevant for all the PPAF interventions. First version of the document has already been prepared. Participants of the National Consultative workshop proposed that this document will be updated every year. Environmental and social indicators change over a longer period of time. Every year updating of the document will not be very productive. It is proposed that the document will be updated every two years.
(v) Leaflet
Leaflets provide detailed information of the specific subject to the target groups. Leaflets serve very important function of updating information, experience, and knowledge of the stakeholders on a specific subject. Participants of the National Consultative workshop proposed that PPAF will publish leaflets. Leaflets will be published on the following key issues:
➢ Drinking water quality, supply, and sanitation
➢ Irrigation efficiencies in arid, semi-arid, and mountain areas of Pakistan
➢ Groundwater depletion in arid zones of Pakistan
➢ Use of municipal wastewater for irrigation
➢ Construction of link roads in plain and mountain areas
➢ Integrated projects for area up-grading
(vi) Environmental / Social Alerts
Environmental alerts are prepared on urgent subjects, new information, important success, and important failure. Alerts will be circulated among stakeholders through internet messages. Any stakeholder can send alerts through out the network. Alerts will be issued on the following issues/subjects:
➢ Newspaper, journal, and magazine environmental cuttings, or media news
➢ Local level environmental successes and failures of interventions
➢ Queries on environmental issues
➢ Other environmental/Social related developments
General and PPAF thematic area specific environmental messages those need to be disseminated through environmental events and dissemination material are attached as Annexure 8.2.
8.3.2 Dissemination Action Plan
Dissemination action plan has been developed in line with the dissemination strategies proposed in Section 8.1 and reproduced in Box 8.1. These actions are proposed for the first year, it is proposed that later a revised action plan will be prepared for every year.
Box 8.1: Proposed Dissemination Strategies
| |
|Strengthen the capabilities of POs and PPAF units’ teams on the subject of environment and social. |
|Establish multipurpose provincial/regional networks of PO’s with special focus on environmental/social compliance. |
|Organize environmental/social dissemination and training events on the basis of proposed action plan. |
|Do networking with the national and provincial environmental institutions. |
(i) Institutional Actions
Detailed institutional arrangements for Environmental Management Group are presented in chapter-10. Following are the key institutional actions need to be taken by PPAF:
➢ Establish Environmental/Social Management Group in PPAF.
➢ Instruct POs to appoint environment managers/assistant managers/focal persons, large POs such as PRSP, NRSP, and SRSP etc. will be asked additionally to appoint environment Managers/Assistant Managers/Focal Persons at the region level.
➢ Enable POs to establish provincial PO’s Networks with multipurpose mandate.
➢ Implementation of Dissemination & Enforcement Strategies and Action Plan will be the main responsibility of the PPAF Environmental Management Group.
➢ Provide water-testing kits to the POs.
➢ Start the process of securing ISO 14000 certification.
(ii) Environmental/Social Events
➢ Organize one seminar on the environmental selected topic, one national workshop on ESMF compliance and presentation of success stories, and one roundtable.
➢ Organize one workshop in each province on the selected issues in collaboration with Provincial POs Networks or leading PO.
➢ POs will organize two internal environmental workshops; environmental focal persons trained in the regional training workshops will serve as the master trainers.
➢ Extend invitation to Ministry of Environment, Pakistan and Provincial EPAs, ERRA, Provincial Planning & Development Departments, major environmental NGOs to participate in the PPAF national and provincial events.
(iii) Environmental/Social Materials
➢ Update Reference Material and User Guidelines every two years
➢ Publish and distribute six leaflets on the specific issues.
➢ Create culture of e-alerts through out the network of POs.
8.3.3 Enforcement Action Plan
Enforcement action plan has also been developed in line with the enforcement strategies proposed in Section 8.2 and reproduced in Box 8.2. These actions are proposed for the first year, it is proposed that later a revised action plan will be prepared for every year.
Box 8.2: Proposed Enforcement Strategies
| |
|Start an enhanced environmental / social reporting regime. |
|Regular internal monitoring by PPAF Units and ESMG. |
|Outsource the ESMF external monitoring. |
The enforcement Strategies are planned to be implemented through PPAF and PO specific institutional strengthening and external monitoring by a highly committed and well resourced environmental organization (See Chapter 10).
(a) Establishing an Environmental/Social Reporting Regime
➢ Instruct POs through an official memo that ESMF compliance is mandatory, Form-A: Environmental Criteria and Mitigation Plan will be included in the project proposal, and Form-B: Completion Certificate will be included in the project completion report.
➢ Instruct POs to submit consolidated quarterly ESMF compliance reports as per the format attached as Annexure 4.
➢ ESMG will prepare six monthly reports on monitoring and environmental events.
➢ Quarterly internal monitoring report for ESMF compliance by ESMG.
➢ Publish and distribute the annual monitoring report to all the Pos and other stake holders.
➢ PPAF will prepare and circulate consolidated annual ESMF compliance and Dissemination & Enforcement Strategies and Action Plan implementation reports. Format for ESMF Annual Compliance report is as attached Annexure-5.
➢ Action-plan implementation annual report will include, (in addition to Annexure-5), findings and recommendations of the quarterly reports of monitoring by ESMG and summary of the environmental events (seminars, workshops, and roundtables) conducted during the reporting period. The report will also include brief analytical reviews of the data compiled and tabulated on the basis of Annexure 5.
(b) Regular Internal Monitoring by PPAF
➢ PPAF units’ officials make period visits to POs for on-field facilitation and monitoring.
➢ It is planned that along with other field monitoring the units’ officials will also make it mandatory to review the environmental reports during the periodic visits of the PO and projects.
➢ It is also planned that PPAF Environmental Management Group will make quarterly visits of the selected POs for the field facilitation and monitoring of the ESMF compliance, leading to the preparation of environmental mitigation completion certificates for verification and approval by the ESMG
(c) Outsource the ESMF external monitoring.
With a view to maintaining a lean institutional structure and eliminating any peer biases, ESMG will outsource the Annual Environmental and Social Monitoring/Assessment to a renowned and competent environmental organization. Annual ESMA will encompass major responsibilities of:
➢ Assisting in reviewing proposed POs initiatives, especially close to ecologically significant areas with ecosystems cluster approach.
➢ Developing a framework of annual external monitoring and get it approved from PPAF,
➢ Collaborating with PPAF in the implementation of ‘Dissemination and Enforcement Strategy, and Action Plan,
➢ Providing Trainers for training the Environmental Managers/Assisted Environmental Managers/Focal Persons of POs,
➢ Conducting annual external monitoring as per agreed format and content for comprehensive assessment of process and procedures followed and respective impacts mitigated,
➢ Advising ESMG team on the issues of biodiversity, water management under environmental criteria, important ecological areas in Pakistan, alternatives for natural resource management while executing development project, and
➢ Preparing Annual ESMF compliance report on the basis of sample field inspections, POs and ESMG quarterly, ESMF compliance reports and other verifiable information.
External monitoring team will include professionals in environmental and social sciences with experience and expertise in environmental monitoring/editing and social safeguards situation analysis as related to the internationally funded development projects.
8.4 Work Plan
First year work plan for the major activities is presented as Table 8.1. Work plan proposes logical sequencing of major activities in the areas of organization action, dissemination events, and publication of materials, environmental reporting, and ESMF monitoring.
|Sr. No. |Proposed Actions |Months |
| | |1 |2 |3 |4 |
|1.3 |Outsourcing Contract to WWF-Pakistan | | | | |
|2.0 |Environmental Events | | | |
|3.0 |Environmental Materials | |
|3.2 |Publication of Leaflets | | | |
|4.0 |Environmental Reporting | |
|5.2 |Annual PPAF Environmental Auditing & | |
| |Assessment of ESMF-III Compliance | |
|ESMG Manager |Masters of Environmental |A minimum of 8 years experience in |
| |Sciences/Environmental Engineering/Social |environmental monitoring and evaluation and|
| |Sciences |administration of social safeguards in |
| | |internationally funded development |
| | |projects. Experience related to CDM based |
| | |carbon finance will be and additional |
| | |qualification. |
|Management Executive (Environment) |Masters of Environmental |Three years of experience |
| |Sciences/Engineering | |
|Management Executive (Social) |Masters in Social Sciences |Three years of experience |
1. Environmental/Social Managers/Assistant Managers/ Focal Persons in POs
PPAF partner organizations are mostly very competent and professionally organized. PPAF contractual arrangement with POs also demands both organizational and financial discipline. These POs are doing difficult task of mobilizing the communities and implementation of the projects with the complete involvement of the community organizations.
Environmental/Social Managers or Assistant Managers or Focal Persons will be there in the large and medium POs. Small POs can nominate existing CPI coordinator as Environmental Focal Person. PPAF will train the person on environmental issues and ESMF implementation. Environmental/Social Managers/Assistant Managers/Focal Persons in POs will be responsible for the following activities:
• Incorporate ESMF requirements in the project proposal,
• Ensure that agreed environmental mitigation presented in the proposal have been implemented,
• Conduct quarterly, six monthly, and annual environmental monitoring and submit the reports to ESMG,
• Coordinate and cooperate with other POs in the network on the subject of environment, and
• Coordinate with the local and provincial environmental agencies.
• Train Environmental Focal Persons of small POs.
• Coordinate with ESMG.
The qualification of the Environmental/Social focal persons will be having a sound back ground and experience in the field of environment as well in the social sector.
10: Estimated Environmental Assessment and Physical Unit Costs
10.1 Scope of Environmental/Social Costs
Environmental costs, other than human resources cost, are comprised of two sets of costs, i.e. environmental assessment and physical costs.
Environmental assessment costs are comprised of following activities:
i) Environmental testing costs for drinking and irrigation water testing,
ii) Cost of preparing integrated environmental review,
iii) Cost of preparing Initial environmental examination, and
iv) Environmental impact assessment.
v) Social impact assessment (SIA)
Physical costs is only required for the final disposal arrangements and treatment plants (oxidation pond) for the wastewater under Integrated Area Up-gradation Projects and sanitation schemes.
All other environmental mitigation costs for SSI, MF, and social sector development projects are actually part of the designs of such interventions. ESMF only emphasises that the proponents should make sure that the proposed mitigations are incorporated in the design and finally implemented.
10.2 Basis of Environmental/Social Costs
Environmental assessment and physical unit costs have been estimated to establish a basis on which PPAF will compute the budgetary allocations for environmental costs for PPAF-III.
At the time of disbursement of environmental costs to Partner Organizations (POs) variation will occur due to varied ground realities and especially due to the size of the intervention. This factor has been covered by selecting the maximum possible unit costs of proposed mitigations by nature and size of intervention.
PPAF-III disbursements will occur in the next three years. It is essential that the two years inflationary effect should be added in the net present unit cost. Inflationary effect has been added in the unit costs at the rate of 20%.
10.3 Environmental/Social Mitigations Unit Costs by Intervention
PPAF will fix the physical targets for SSI, MF, and social sector projects for PPAF-III on the basis of many factors at the time of preparation of PPAF-III Programme Document. Unit Costs for environmental mitigations by intervention have been computed with the objective to facilitate PPAF to determine the environmental allocations for physical interventions for the PPAF-III.
ESMF Financing Procedures and Budgetary Allocations
10.4 Financial Procedures
Environmental/Social costs for PPAF-III interventions will occur in the following forms:
i) Environmental/Social assessments (IER, IEE, and EIA) at proposal preparation stage.
ii) Physical costs of environmental mitigations.
iii) Appointment of Environmental Managers/Assisted Managers in POs.
iv) Establishment and operations of Environmental Management Group in Water Management Centre.
v) Third party evaluation of social component
The above stated environmental costs except environmental mitigation costs are program management costs. POs at present incur from their own financial resources the human resource and administration costs for preparing projects proposals for PPAF financing.
Environmental monitoring and reporting under ESMF is PPAF’s procedural requirement. Service charges or administration costs paid to POs for the implementation of projects do not include environmental monitoring and reporting costs. The salary and overheads of Environmental Managers/Assisted Managers proposed to be appointed under the ‘Institutional Arrangements’ by POs should be contributed by PPAF under separate contractual arrangement with the POs.
Environmental mitigations have been added in the scope of the projects by the ESMF to achieve the environmental and public health objectives of not only the target community but also the surrounding villages and ecology of the area in general. Environmental mitigation costs are high and incorporation of these costs in the project budget will make the projects expensive and beyond the affordability of communities. Owing to the high costs and multiple objectives attached to environmental mitigations, it is proposed that these costs should be contributed by PPAF directly to the POs and communities should be exempted from the contributions.
At the proposal stage ESMG shall scrutinize the project proposals on the basis of following steps:
(i) Check that environmental assessment has been conducted as per Table 2.1 and Form-A is attached with the project proposal.
i) Check that environmental mitigations costs are included in the project budget as per unit costs stated in Table 9.2.
At the project completion stage ESMG shall scrutinize the project completion documents on the following basis:
(i) Check that Form-B: Completion Certificate is attached with the project completion report.
(ii) Check that verifiable information /documents (such laboratory testing reports) are attached with the completion certificate.
On the basis of the above discussion following financing procedures are proposed for financing the environmental/social costs:
➢ No community contribution will be charged from the communities for the environmental/social mitigation costs.
➢ Proposed unit costs are bench mark costs; Environmental/Social Management Group will evaluate the proposals and determine the environmental costs for each intervention on the basis of the size, nature and ground realities of the project.
➢ Separate allocations and disbursements will be made by PPAF to POs for the salaries and overhead costs of Environmental Managers/Assistant Managers under independent institutional support contracts.
➢ PPAF will include the human resource and operational expenditures budget of the Environmental Management Group in the main PPAF-III Budget.
➢ Special allocations will be made for the effective implementation of the proposed ‘Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan’ for the ESMF at the PPAF and POs levels.
➢ Allocation will be made for external annual environmental/social monitoring by any well reputed firm, and PPAF will disburse the cost under a financial contract.
10.5 Budget
10.5.1 Environmental Testing & Assessment and Environmental Infrastructure Budget
PPAF will compute the budget for environmental testing & assessment and environmental infrastructure on the basis of unit costs presented in Chapter-9 and the overall physical targets fixed for the PPAF-III.
10.5.2 Environmental/Social Management Group
Budget of Environmental/Social Management Group will be comprised of following costs:
➢ Salaries of ESMG Team
o ESMG Manager
o Environmental Scientist
o Environmental Engineer
➢ Fixed Costs
o Computers & printer
o Vehicle
o Furniture & fixtures
o Photocopier
➢ Operational Cost
o Stationary
o POL and maintenance of vehicle
o Communication, correspondence, and documentation
o Boarding and lodging
ESMG budget is presented in Table 10.1
Table 10.1
ESMG Budget (Amounts in Rs.)
|Expense Head |Unit |Number |Unit Rate |Amount (Million) |
|Salaries |
|ESMG Manager |Person Months |36 |85,000 |3.06 |
|ME (Environment) |Person Months | 36 | 55,000 | 1.98 |
|ME (Social Safeguards) |Person Months |36 |55,000 |1.98 |
|Fixed Costs | | | | |
|Computers |Computer |3 |70,000 |0.21 |
|Printer |Printer |1 |40,000 |0.04 |
|Vehicle |4X4 |1 |1,600,000 |1.60 |
|Furniture & Fixtures |Lump Sum |350,000 |0.35 |
|Photocopier |Photocopier |1 |150,000 |0.15 |
|Operational Cost | | | | |
|Stationery |Per Month |36 |70,000 |2.52 |
|POL & Maintenance of Vehicle |Per Month |36 |35,000 |1.26 |
|Communication, Correspondence & |Per Month |36 |35,000 |1.26 |
|Documentation | | | | |
|Boarding & Lodging |Per Trip |150 |20,000 |3.00 |
|Total |17.41 |
|Say |18 |
10.5.3 Implementation of Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan
Cost of human resources for the implementation of ‘Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan’ is already covered under the budgets for ESMG and Environmental Managers/Assistant Managers. Under this heading the costs to be incurred on documents development, publication and distribution, and environmental events are included. Table 10.2 presents the budget for the implementation of ‘Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan’.
Table 10.2
Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan Budget (Amounts in Rs.)
|Expense Head |Unit |Number |Unit Rate |Amount (Million) |
|Documents Development, Publication, and Distribution |
|Six leaflets |Three Fold Leaflet |6 |40,000 |0.24 |
|Six Monthly ESMF Compliance Reports |Report |6 |100,000 |0.6 |
|Annual ESMF Compliance Reports |Report |3 |150,000 |0.45 |
| | | | | |
|Environmental Events | | | | |
|National Seminars |Seminar |2 |1,000,000 |2 |
|National Workshops |Workshop |1 |1,200,000 |1.2 |
|Roundtables |Roundtable |2 |1,200,000 |2.4 |
|Provincial Workshops |Workshop |8 |250,000 |2 |
|Total |8.89 |
|Say |9 |
10.5.4 External Monitoring
Annual external monitoring has been proposed for ensuring ESMF compliance and WWF-Pakistan verification of the compliance. Table 10.3 presents the budget for the annual external monitoring.
Table 10.3
External Monitoring Budget (Amounts in Rs.)
|Expense Head |Unit |Number |Unit Rate |Amount (Million) |
|Monitoring Team | | | | |
|Environmental Scientist/Team Leader |Person Months |3 |450,000 |1.35 |
|Environmental Engineer |Person Months |6 |250,000 |1.5 |
|Communication or Social Scientist |Person Months |6 |300,000 |1.8 |
|Junior Professional |Person Months |9 |60,000 |0.54 |
|Support Staff. |Person Months |9 |25,000 |0.225 |
|Operational Cost | | | | |
|Communication, Correspondence & Documentation|Per Mission |2 |100,000 |0.2 |
|Boarding & Lodging |Per Mission |3 |1,000,000 |3 |
|Total |8.615 |
|Add 4% Contingencies |0.34 |
|Total |8.9596 |
|Say |9 |
10.5.5 Consolidated Budget
Consolidated ESMF implementation budget is presented in Table 10.4.
Table 10.4 Consolidated 5-Years Budget (Amounts in Million Rs.)
|Expense Head |Amount |
|1 – Environmental Mitigation Costs* |- |
|2 - Environmental & Social Management Group |30 |
|3 - Dissemination & Enforcement Strategy and Action Plan Budget |15 |
|4 - External Monitoring |25 |
|Total |70 |
* The cost of environmental mitigation (item 1) works out to 4% of the cost of infrastructure projects and major micro finance based interventions, (such as those under the Enterprise Development Facility).
Annexure – 1 : Glossary
Annexure – 1A : ESMF Mitigation Measures-Format for Land Donation
Annexure – 2 : Feed Back Form
Annexure – 3 : General and PPAF Thematic Area
Specific Environmental Messages
Annexure – 4 : PO Quarterly Environmental
Report Format
Annexure – 5 : PPAF Annual Environmental Report
Format
Annexure-1
|Glossary |
Aeration Tank: A chamber used to inject air into water.
Aerobic: Life or processes that require, or are not destroyed by, the presence of oxygen.
Air Emission: Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface areas of commercial or industrial facilities; from residential chimneys; and from motor vehicle, locomotive, or aircraft exhausts.
Ambient Measurement: A measurement of the concentration of a substance or pollutant within the immediate environment of an organism; taken to relate it to the amount of possible exposure.
Ambient Temperature: Temperature of the surrounding air or other medium.
Aquifer: An underground geological formation, or group of formations, containing water. Are sources of groundwater for wells and springs.
Bacteria: (Singular: bacterium) Microscopic living organisms that can aid in pollution control by metabolizing organic matter in sewage, oil spills or other pollutants. However, bacteria in soil, water or air can also cause human, animal and plant health problems.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): Measure of the amount of oxygen consumed in the biological processes that break down organic matter in water. The greater the BOD, the greater the degree of pollution.
Biodiversity: Refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Measure of the oxygen required to oxidize all compounds, both organic and inorganic, in water.
Composting: The controlled biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material, Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically.
Contamination: Introduction into water, air, and soil of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, or wastewater in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. Also applies to surfaces of objects, buildings, and various household and agricultural use products.
Desalination: [Desalinization] (1) Removing salts from ocean or brackish water by using various technologies. (2) Removal of salts from soil by artificial means, usually leaching.
Design Capacity: The average daily flow that a treatment plant or other facility is designed to accommodate.
Digester: In wastewater treatment, a closed tank; in solid-waste conversion, a unit in which bacterial action is induced and accelerated in order to break down organic matter and establish the proper carbon to nitrogen ratio.
Ecological Impact: The effect that a man-caused or natural activity has on living organisms and their non-living (abiotic) environment.
Ecosystem: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings.
Effluent: Wastewater--treated or untreated--that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall.
Environment: Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans & their interrelation.
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water, intensified by land-clearing practices related to farming, residential or industrial development, road building, or logging.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria: Bacteria found in the intestinal tracts of mammals. Their presence in water or sludge is an indicator of pollution and possible contamination by pathogens.
Flow Rate: The rate, expressed in gallons -or liters-per-hour, at which a fluid escapes from a hole or fissure in a tank. Such measurements are also made of liquid waste, effluent, and surface water movement
Green house gases: Any of the gases that contribute to green house effect e.g. CO2
Habitat: The place where a population (e.g. human, animal, plant, microorganism) lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living
Social Impact Assessment: Collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to assess social impacts of an intervention in a particular area
Topography: The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position of natural and man-made (anthropogenic) features.
Hydrogeology: The geology of ground water, with particular emphasis on the chemistry and movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other barrier.
Infiltration: The process of water moving from the ground surface vertically downward into the soil
Irrigation: Applying water or wastewater to land areas to supply the water and nutrient needs of plants.
Land Farming (of Waste): A disposal process in which hazardous waste deposited on or in the soil is degraded naturally by microbes.
Landfills:
1. Sanitary landfills are disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by material applied at the end of each operating day.
2. Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for hazardous waste, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment.
Leaching: The process by which soluble constituents are dissolved and filtered through the soil by percolating fluid
Oxidation Pond: A man-made (anthropogenic) body of water in which waste is consumed by bacteria, used most frequently with other waste-treatment processes; a sewage lagoon.
pH: Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a liquid. Neutral is pH 7.0; numbers greater than this are alkaline; smaller numbers are acidic.
Purging: Removing stagnant air or water from sampling zone or equipment prior to sample collection.
Salinity: The percentage of salt in water.
Sanitation: Control of physical factors in the human environment that could harm development, health, or survival
Sediment: Material that settles out at the bottom of a liquid when it is in still.
Seepage: Percolation of water through the soil from unlined canals, ditches, laterals, watercourses, or water storage facilities.
Septic Tank: An underground storage tank for wastes from homes not connected to a sewer line. Waste goes directly from the home to the tank.
Silt: Sedimentary materials composed of fine or intermediate-sized mineral particles
Sludge: A semi-solid residue from any of a number of air or water treatment processes; can be a hazardous waste.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): All material that passes the standard glass river filter; now called total filterable residue. Term is used to reflect salinity
Vector:
1. An organism, often an insect or rodent that carries disease.
2. Plasmids, viruses, or bacteria used to transport genes into a host cell. A gene is placed in the vector; the vector then "infects" the bacterium.
Yield: The quantity of water (expressed as a rate of flow or total quantity per year) that can be collected for a given use from surface or groundwater sources
Annex 1 A
Form for Voluntarily Donated Land
ESMF in the mitigation measures for social should have the following included in the mitigation table:
“For any donated land, a participatory and transparent process will be followed and an agreement/MOU will be signed between the donor and the recipient that will among other ensure
1. The ownership of the land and voluntary nature of the donation
2. That the land is appropriate for the intended purpose
3. That the land does not belong to any donor who is below the poverty line or whose holding would be reduced below the minimum size as stipulated to be economically viable (2.5 acres)
4. That there are no encumbrances on the land
5. That it does not negatively impact on the livelihood of any vulnerable group, and if so, that community developed mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees 6. That no compensation will be paid for the land, and
7. That the owner gives up all claims on the land and the title will be transferred to the Community Organization (recipient) through the notary public or a registered deed or any other procedure prescribed by the law of the state”.
Water Rights Form
For any water source which is located in an individuals land the following agreement will be signed.
1. That the person agrees to allow the source of water to be located in his/her land
2. that all persons will have access to the water from the source provided by PPAF
3. That no fees or price will be charged from any eligible community member for use of this water.
4.. That at no time will supply be restricted to any person
Annexure-2
|Feedback Form |
(i) General Message
Seminar/Workshop/Roundtable on: ------------------------------------------
Date: _________________
Venue: _______________
| |Venue of event was suitable: - |Yes |
| | | |
| | |No |
| |Overall arrangements of this event were: - |Comfortable |
| | | |
| | |Uncomfortable |
| |Duration of this event was: - |Enough |
| | | |
| | |Short |
| |Presentation given in this event was: - |Relevant |
| | | |
| | |Irrelevant |
| |Language used in this event was: - |Easily understandable |
| | | |
| | |Incomprehensible |
| |The most interesting session of this event was: - |Presentation |
| | | |
| | |Discussion |
| | | |
| | |QA session |
| |I got clear understanding of theme/subject:- |100% |
| | | |
| | |80% |
| | | |
| | |60% |
| | | |
| | |40% |
| |I would implement proposed environmental actions in the event |Yes |
| |wherever possible:- | |
| | |Not sure |
| | | |
| | |No |
| |These kinds of events should be organized in future:- |Yes |
| | | |
| | |No |
Annexure-3
|General and PPAF Thematic Area Specific Environmental/Social Messages |
(i) General Message
➢ Compliance to Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is mandatory;
➢ Environmental Management and compliance is important for the well being of the communities and natural resources;
➢ ESMF-IV compliance is mandatory under PPAF procedures; and
➢ Protection off culturally important and environmentally sensitive sites is mandatory under the environmental law.
i) Thematic Area Specific Messages
PPAF is involved in the seven interventions areas; these are: water resource development, technological innovations, access/circulation-internal, access/circulation-external, wastewater management, social sector development, other projects and MF interventions. Following are the major environmental messages by each thematic area:
(a) Water resource development
o Water conservation is essential due to scarcity of sweet water in Pakistan;
o Testing of drinking water as per WHO guidelines is required to ensure community health;
o Drinking water storage facilities are mostly exposed to surface contaminants, and storage tanks require cleaning every three months;
o Installation of tube wells in dry/Barani areas cause serious threats to the availability of ground water on continuous basis in the area;
o Water channels in the mountain areas cause land erosion, safety threats to the community, and social conflicts; and
o Biodiversity precincts perform important ecological functions.
a) Technological Interventions
o Biogas plants are environmental friendly, if properly designed and implemented; and
o Efficient cooking stoves are environmentally friendly.
b) Access/Circulation-Internal & External
o Safe disposal of construction material is part of the project implementation;
o Dust emissions during construction phase cause health hazards for the communities;
o Acquire land on market prices;
o Plant two trees for each tree cut;
o Poor selection of road alignment in the mountain areas can lead to the opening-up of important ecological areas; and
o Roads in the mountain areas, if not properly constructed and operational phases.
c) Wastewater Management
o There are two sets of arrangements for the safe disposal of municipal wastewater:
• Latrines + T-Chamber + covered drains/sewerage system + safe disposal
or
• Latrines + covered drains/sewerage system + oxidation pond + safe disposal
o Adoption of better hygienic and sanitation practices by the communities is equally important.
d) Other Projects
o Solid management is important for community health;
o Solid waste burning can cause serious health hazards for the communities;
o Natural resource management projects are environmentally friendly; and
o Energy saver bulbs are energy efficient.
e) Social Sector Development
o Children are more sensitive to drinking water contamination and poor sanitary conditions;
o Equipment sterilization and crushing of used needles and syringes is essential for community health; and
o Line and covered pits within BTU are constructed for the safe disposal of BHU waste.
f) Microfinance Interventions
o Overuse of synthetic fertilizer cause soil contamination, use of organic fertilizers is better than synthetic fertilizer, crop rotation and land following increase the productivity of the soil and integrated pest management is better than use of pesticides;
o Better livestock species and healthier live stock are more productive;
o Low quality of chicken, poor hygienic conditions and poor disease control in poultry farms are health hazards for the communities;
o Introduction of exotic species and poor management of fish ponds lead to financial losses;
o Use hazardous dyes and chemicals, poor acid handling and improper disposal of lubricants are health hazards for workers and communities;
o Hiring child labor is a crime under the laws of Pakistan;
o Poor washing of fruits and poor hygienic practices are health hazards for workers and communities;
o PPAF loans cannot be used for pesticides purchase and trade; and
o Occupational health and safety practices add productivity in the enterprises.
Annexure-4
PO Quarterly Environmental/Social Report Format
Reporting Period (From_______to_______)
Name of PO _________________________
Date of Submission____________________
|Sector of |Specific |
|Intervention |Intervention |
|A. Internal |Culverts |√ | | |
|EIA - |MP - Mitigation Plan |
|Environ| |
|mental | |
|Impact | |
|Assessm| |
|ent | |
|SIA-Soc| |
|ial | |
|Impact | |
|Assessm| |
|ent | |
|A. Internal |Culvert|√ | | | | | |
| |s | | | | | | |
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
SIA- Social Impact Assessment | |MP - Mitigation Plan | | |CC - Completion Certificate | | | | | |Cc - Complete compliance | |Pc - Partial compliance | | |Nc - Non compliance | | | | | | | | | | |
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ANNEXURE
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