Test Objectives: Unit 15 – Organic Chemistry



Test Objectives: Organic Chemistry

• Know the definition of a hydrocarbon

• Be able to define the terms saturated and unsaturated

• Know the general formulas empirical formulas for alkanes, alkenes & alkynes (table Q)

• Know the definition of a straight chain hydrocarbon & a branched chain hydrocarbon

• Know the definition of a homologous series

o Be able to explain why alkanes, alkenes & alkynes form a homologous series

o Know that –CH2 is the repeating unit for each series

• Be able to write the structural, condensed structural & molecular formulas for a given alkane, alkene or alkyne

• Know that melting point & boiling point increase with increasing carbon number for a given homologous series

o Know that increasing carbon number also means increasing mass & increasing molecular size

• Be able to explain what a structural isomer is

o Know that they have different chemical & physical properties

o Know that they have the same molecular formula but have different structures

o Know that they don’t have to belong to the same functional group:

▪ Ethyl alcohol & dimethyl ether are structural isomers

• Given a hydrocarbon molecular formula be able to determine possible structural formulas

• Given the structural formula for an alkane, alkene or alkyne be able to write it’s name

o Given a name write or recognize the structural formula

• Know the difference between alkenes and dienes & be able to name diene compounds

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• Know the names of the various organic functional groups and their general formulas

(table R)

• Know the general physical properties of these functional groups such as:

o Polarity, H-bonding capability, general boiling point trends as a function of the group, solubility in water

• Know that esters are made from alcohols & organic acids & be able to specify what alcohol and acid combine to make the ester based on it’s structural formula

• Know how to name compounds containing each of the functional groups

• Know that alcohols & amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary

o Know that amines are Bronsted-Lowry bases & can react with acids to form salts

• Be able to explain the difference between an alcohol, diol & triol and be able to name compounds belonging to one of these categories

• Be able to explain what an amino acid is and what two functional groups make up this kind of molecule

• Be able to explain addition, elimination & substitution reactions and be able to recognize a given reaction as one of these

• Be able to explain esterification, fermentation & saponification reactions and be able to recognize reactions as one of these

o Know that fermentation requires an enzyme such as zymase

o Know that glycerol is a by-product of soaponification

• Know that in complete combustion water & carbon dioxide are the by-products

• Be able to explain the terms polymerization & monomer

• Be able to name several polymers

• Be able to explain addition & condensation polymerization reactions and be able to recognize a given reaction as an example of one of these

o Know that in condensation reactions water is always lost each time two polymers join

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