Test Objectives: Unit 15 – Organic Chemistry
Test Objectives: Organic Chemistry
• Know the definition of a hydrocarbon
• Be able to define the terms saturated and unsaturated
• Know the general formulas empirical formulas for alkanes, alkenes & alkynes (table Q)
• Know the definition of a straight chain hydrocarbon & a branched chain hydrocarbon
• Know the definition of a homologous series
o Be able to explain why alkanes, alkenes & alkynes form a homologous series
o Know that –CH2 is the repeating unit for each series
• Be able to write the structural, condensed structural & molecular formulas for a given alkane, alkene or alkyne
• Know that melting point & boiling point increase with increasing carbon number for a given homologous series
o Know that increasing carbon number also means increasing mass & increasing molecular size
• Be able to explain what a structural isomer is
o Know that they have different chemical & physical properties
o Know that they have the same molecular formula but have different structures
o Know that they don’t have to belong to the same functional group:
▪ Ethyl alcohol & dimethyl ether are structural isomers
• Given a hydrocarbon molecular formula be able to determine possible structural formulas
• Given the structural formula for an alkane, alkene or alkyne be able to write it’s name
o Given a name write or recognize the structural formula
• Know the difference between alkenes and dienes & be able to name diene compounds
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• Know the names of the various organic functional groups and their general formulas
(table R)
• Know the general physical properties of these functional groups such as:
o Polarity, H-bonding capability, general boiling point trends as a function of the group, solubility in water
• Know that esters are made from alcohols & organic acids & be able to specify what alcohol and acid combine to make the ester based on it’s structural formula
• Know how to name compounds containing each of the functional groups
• Know that alcohols & amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary
o Know that amines are Bronsted-Lowry bases & can react with acids to form salts
• Be able to explain the difference between an alcohol, diol & triol and be able to name compounds belonging to one of these categories
• Be able to explain what an amino acid is and what two functional groups make up this kind of molecule
• Be able to explain addition, elimination & substitution reactions and be able to recognize a given reaction as one of these
• Be able to explain esterification, fermentation & saponification reactions and be able to recognize reactions as one of these
o Know that fermentation requires an enzyme such as zymase
o Know that glycerol is a by-product of soaponification
• Know that in complete combustion water & carbon dioxide are the by-products
• Be able to explain the terms polymerization & monomer
• Be able to name several polymers
• Be able to explain addition & condensation polymerization reactions and be able to recognize a given reaction as an example of one of these
o Know that in condensation reactions water is always lost each time two polymers join
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