Marine Biology: May 12, 2006
Marine Biology: May 16, 2007
Kelp Forests
I. Introduction
II. What are seaweeds and kelp?
A. Classification
1. Generally considered to be in “Kingdom Protista”…
B. Major groups of algae [Various figures in Ch. 6]
1. Phylum Chlorophyta: green algae
a. Why found only in the intertidal and very shallow subtidal?
b. Examples: Ulva (sea lettuce) and Codium (dead man’s fingers)
2. Phylum Rhodophyta: red algae
a. What makes them red? Adaptive value?
b. Example: Corallina
3. Phylum Phaeophyta: brown algae (including kelp, the large brown algae)
a. What makes them brown? Adaptive value?
b. Example: Fucus (rockweed) and Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
C. Parts of a kelp “thallus” and their significance [Fig. 6.1].
**Be able to create/label a diagram and know the key functions of these parts!
1. Holdfast
2. Stipe
3. Pneumatocyst
4. Blade (or “frond”)
D. Life cycle of Macrocystis pyrifera [Fig. 13.24]
1. Sporophyte generation
a. Appearance
b. Spore production (within sporophylls)
• What do the spores become?
2. Gametophyte generation
a. Appearance
b. Gamete production
c. Fertilization
• What does the zygote (fertilized egg) become?
E. Distribution of kelp (West coast of North America) [Fig. 13.25]
1. Egregia (feather boa)
2. Laminaria
3. Pterygophora
4. *Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp)
5. *Nereocystis (bull kelp)
6. *Pelagophycus (elk kelp): deep forests, huge fronds (10 meters long!)
*Indicates those that form the kelp forests.
III. Where are kelp forests found and what conditions do they need to thrive?
A. Locations
B. Requirements of kelp
1. Cold water ( ................
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