LESSON PLAN - NASRO



LESSON PLAN

FOR

CONDUCTING A UNIT OF INSTRUCTION

IN

HISTORY OF POLICING

PRESENTED

FOR

8TH THROUGH 12TH GRADE STUDENTS

PRESENTED

BY

SENIOR PATROLMAN ERNEST J. FREESTONE

MARCH 25, 2003

Unit Learning Goals

1. Have students identify many slang names for police throughout history.

2. Give brief history of policing from start to present.

3. Show the extremes that policing has had.

Unit Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will:

1. Know the origins of many slang terms for police officer to break the ice.

2. Have an understanding that policing in its infancy was little more than a single persons views or wishes. Briefly state where we are now as compared to the beginning of policing.

3. Know the extremes at the beginning of civilization laws or codes where unknown or not present and the result in same.

Unit Learning Plan

Materials Needed: None

A. Sources Used:

1. Bayley, D. (1999) “The Development of Modern Police,” p. 59-78 in L. Gaines & G. Cordner (eds.) Policing Perspectives: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury.

2. Berg, B. (1998) Law Enforcement: An Introduction to Police in Society. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

3. Bopp. W. & D. Schultz (1972) A Short History of American Law Enforcement. Springfield: Charles Thomas.

4. Bopp, W. (1977) O.W. Wilson and the Search for a Police Profession. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press.

5. Carte, G. & E. (1975) Police Reform in the United States: The Era of August Vollmer. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

6. Gaines, L., V. Kappeler & J. Vaughn (1999) Policing in America. Cincinnati: Anderson.

7. Harring, S. (1983) Policing a Class Society: The Experience of American Cities, 1865-1915. New Brunswick: Rutgers Univ. Press.

8. Reynolds, P. (1926) The Vigiles of Imperial Rome. London: Oxford Univ. Press.

9. Smith, B. (1925) The State Police. NY: Macmillian.

10. Tonry, M. & N. Morris (eds.) (1992) Modern Policing: Vol. 15 in Crime and Justice, A Review of Research. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

11. Vila, B. & C. Morris (1999) The Role of Police in American Society: A Documentary History. Westport: Greenwood Press.

12. Walker, S. (1977) A Critical History of Police Reform. Lexington: Lexington Books.

13. Walker, S. (1998) Police in America. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Topical Outline

Introduction

Personal and professional background

My name is Ernest Freestone, as you know I am a Patrolman here in your school. The actual title is School Resource Officer or SRO. This concept is a result of a new way of thinking in many police departments, called “community policing.” This being the newest method of policing, I would like to show you where “Policing” all started.

B. More on me, I started in law enforcement/emergency services at a very

young age. I was 14 years old and my start into the law enforcement field was to say the least a stretch. I was a Police Explorer which is a branch of the Boy Scouts. I continued my interests in the emergency field as a firefighter at the age of 16, which I still keep my training active in.

At the tender age of 17 (and 2 months) I had my parents sign me into the U.S. Coast Guard (by choice) and I remained in the Coast Guard and reserves until I was 25. I then ran a large retail store which actually was a huge positive due to the interpersonal skills I acquired there.

I happened into my first actual police job by going through the police academy all 22 weeks for free, with NO promise of a job at the end. I did land a (near) police job at my hometown’s police department. After two years there I came to Plumstead P.D. and have never looked back. So if you have a plan no matter what the age, stick with it and let the nay-sayers be the ones on the outside looking in.

C. During my presentation, I will go over the most primitive starts to policing

from the tribal times until the current types of law enforcement.

Body

Early Beginnings

1. The first true laws weren’t laws at all. It was called “kin policing” and

as the title suggests, it was done by the “KIN” or eldest tribal members.

2. They held everyone to a code of “morals enforcement.” The tribal way of policing had far too many short falls to actually be called law enforcement, but it did its own way hold people to some type of “law.”

3. Even from the start of this type of enforcement policing and the military have been closely related. From the first army to certain societies today, tribal leaders, kings, leaders in general always kept “elite” troops to ensure their safety, thus giving the first attempt of policing a military appearance.

4. The first true attempt of policing took place in the first “civilized” culture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The first “police force” was actually comprised of captured slaves, from Nubian (or black) areas. They served primarily as marketplace guards, due to their status and color they stood out and served as a deterrent.

5. This principal has not gone unnoticed to this day, this is the first concept when one thinks of police officers, their uniforms and the presence in them.

6. Many kings or rulers did come up with laws or codes, the most famous of these was King Hammaruabi who gave us, “AN EYE FOR AN EYE,” which is strict and did in its day serve as a ultimate deterrent. The kings were the only ones who had a say in the laws or codes and it is said that a king’s “peace of mind” is where the term “KEEPING THE PEACE” was derived.

7. The Romans are credited almost by accident for coming up with what we now call precincts. This is a widely used way of separating larger departments into more manageable units. This was the concept that Agustus had invented for his police force which he called the “Praetorian Guard.” He is also credited with creating the first fire brigade, which once again was made up of primarily slaves.

8. The Middle Ages for all its advances really did not see any advances in policing. The voluntary watch system was a step towards actual policing, but being voluntary it was rarely enforced. This period was known by the highest rates of crime and unlawfulness in England to this date. During this time period, the word “vigilantes” was first used, due to there being no laws or any one to enforce the few that were there, these people started to combat crimes themselves.

Sir Robert Peel (The Grandfather of Modern Policing)

1. No real advances were made during the times between the Middle Ages

and the settling of America. The new Americans brought over the watch system from England. This was rather unorganized and with limited powers due to the watches having no legitimacy, local control being far too loose and due to the numbers and distances each had one constable or watchman could not know what the other was doing.

2. This led England to abandon the watch system and go to what we now

call a professional police force, which was the brain child of Sir Robert Peel. This is where Bobbies, or the slang name in England for cops, came from. This innovation came in 1829 and was the first true POLICE force created. Robert Peel was the first to implement discipline, appearance (uniforms), recruitment and visibility.

3. Many American cities stuck with the old system of watches and

modified them so that they could provide some type of watch over the entire city. Boston had a night watch founded in 1631; it was made up of 6 watchmen, 1 constable and hundreds of volunteers. New York City during the 1650’s also experimented with watches, but stuck with the old Roman Empire’s idea of precincts.

Modern Policing, Full Circle

1. True or modern policing, where the police officers had a beat or were seen around the clock, was slow here in America. During the middle to late 1800’s, policing went from bad to worst. The local governments had complete control of policing and could set their own rules. Most of the policing during these times were to break up large riots due to race.

2. New York City was the first large city in America to start a professional PAID police department. They were called “COPPERS” due to the copper buttons on the uniforms. During this time period, all of the modern policing policies and procedures started to develop.

3. Boston was the first to have detectives, line ups and informants. Philadelphia had wanted posters and mug shots. Chicago and Detroit had the first rapid response units via horses and drawn carriages.

4. By 1911, almost all police departments had some type of motorized units or were all motorized. As a result of a growing population and larger and larger cities many innovations came out of necessity -radios, better training, weapons, and a deeper recruiting pool.

5. During the start of policing in America, being in police work was not a glamorous or well paying job. Many that came into policing had no real alternatives. During this time all the major federal agencies started as well, The F.B.I. for one.

6. The real changes in policing took place in the mid 1900’s where major crime was running rampant through the country. New tactics had to be created to deal with these issues such as gangsters, bank robberies, and rape. All the modern crimes and patterns started to inundate the same untrained departments. The federal government started to adopt major acts targeted just for crime and policing. During the 50’s to now, the government has seen that just by putting more cops on the streets could and in many areas did deter crimes.

7. The modern cop has had a sordid past. The start of policing in America had its start all the way back to nearly the first man. Many of the principles that we have in policing now can be traced back to the start.

Community Policing is a new principle that came out of the beginning, all the forefathers of policing had the same ideas just not the resources to complete what we currently have.

8. This is just the start of the story of policing, I hope it makes you research more about the history of the start, we all know about the current policing as we see it now. But, look at the past and you will see innovative people all the way back to the start of civilization.

Summary

A. The above lesson plan not being complete is just enough to cover the beginning and some of the middle history of policing in America. The emphasis was more on the start of policing and not so much on the current, since most of this is covered by current events and school lessons.

B. Questions and Answers

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